Guhitamo gaze yinganda zikwiye ntabwo ari ikibazo cyo gutora silinderi gusa; nicyemezo gikomeye kigira ingaruka kumiterere, gukora neza, numutekano wibikorwa byawe byo gusudira no guca. Gazi ikingira ikingira ikidendezi cyashongeshejwe cyandujwe n’ikirere, mu gihe gaze yo gukata neza ituma igabanuka risukuye neza. Iki gitabo cyuzuye kizakunyura mubintu byingenzi ugomba gusuzuma muguhitamo imyuka yinganda, bikwemeza ko ugera kubisubizo byiza kubikorwa byawe byihariye.

Gusobanukirwa imyuka ya Shielding yo gusudira

Gukingira imyuka ningirakamaro mubikorwa nka Gaz Metal Arc Welding (GMAW / MIG) na Welding ya Gas Tungsten (GTAW / TIG). Igikorwa cyabo cyibanze ni ugukuraho imyuka yo mu kirere - cyane cyane ogisijeni na azote - muri zone yasudutse. Niba iyo myuka yo mu kirere yinjiye muri pisine yashongeshejwe, irashobora gutera ubwoba (umwobo uri muri weld), ubukana, no kugaragara nabi.

Guhitamo gukingira gaze bigira uruhare runini mubice byinshi byingenzi byo gusudira:

• Guhagarara kwa Arc: Imyuka imwe iteza imbere arc yoroshye, ihamye, kugabanya spatter no koroshya inzira kugenzura.

• Kwinjira muri Weld: Ibigize gaze bigira ingaruka kuburyo ubushyuhe bwinjira cyane mubyuma shingiro, bikagira imbaraga zingingo.

• Umwirondoro Weld: Imiterere y'isaro ryo gusudira (urugero, iringaniye, convex, cyangwa conave) igenwa igice na gaze ikingira.

• Ibikoresho bya mashini: Gazi irashobora kugira ingaruka kumbaraga zanyuma, guhindagurika, no kurwanya ruswa yicyuma gisudira.

• Urwego rwa Spatter: Gazi zimwe zivanze zigabanya spatter, bigabanya igihe cyo gusukura nyuma yo gusudira.

• 
  

Imyuka isanzwe yinganda ikoreshwa mugusudira

Byinshi imyuka ikoreshwa cyane kuri gusudira biri mubyiciro bike byibanze, buri kimwe gitanga ibintu bitandukanye.

Argon (ar)

Argon nakazi ko gukingira imyuka. Ni gaze ya inert, bivuze ko idakora imiti hamwe nicyuma gishongeshejwe.

• Porogaramu: Argon ni ihitamo risanzwe rya GTAW (TIG) gusudira ibyuma byinshi, cyane cyane aluminium, magnesium, na titanium. Itanga arc nziza itajegajega kandi igaragara neza.

• Ibiranga: Itanga umwirondoro muto, wimbitse. Kuberako iremereye kuruta ikirere, itanga ubwiza buhebuje hejuru ya pisine, cyane cyane mumwanya wo gusudira.

HELIM (we)

Helium ni gaze ya inert, ariko yitwara bitandukanye cyane na argon.

• Porogaramu: Bikunze gukoreshwa hamwe na argon yo gusudira ibikoresho binini cyangwa ibyuma bifite ubushyuhe bwinshi, nka aluminium n'umuringa.

• Ibiranga: Helium itanga arc ishyushye kuruta argon, bikavamo kwaguka, kwinjira cyane kandi byihuta byurugendo. Nyamara, biroroshye kuruta ikirere, bisaba umuvuduko mwinshi kugirango ukomeze gukingirwa bihagije, kandi birashobora gutuma arc itangira bigoye.

Dioxyde de Carbone (CO2)

Bitandukanye na argon na helium, dioxyde de carbone ni gaze ikora. Munsi yubushyuhe bukabije bwa arc yo gusudira, igabanyamo monoxyde de carbone na ogisijeni.

• Porogaramu: CO2 ikoreshwa cyane muri GMAW (MIG) gusudira ibyuma bya karubone. Akenshi ni amahitamo yubukungu.

• Ibiranga: Itanga kwinjira cyane ariko ikunda kubyara arc idahagaze neza kandi igaragara cyane kuruta imyuka ya inert cyangwa imvange ya argon. Umwirondoro wa weld ukunze kuba mugari kandi urenze okiside.

Oxygene (O2)

Oxygene irakora cyane kandi ntabwo ikoreshwa nka gaze yambere ikingira yonyine.

• Porogaramu: Umubare muto wa ogisijeni (mubisanzwe 1-5%) wongeyeho kuri argon yo gusudira karubone hamwe nicyuma gito, kandi rimwe na rimwe ibyuma bitagira umwanda.

• Ibiranga: Oxygene itezimbere arc ituje, igabanya ubuso bwubuso bwicyuma gishongeshejwe (ituma itemba neza), kandi irashobora kongera kwinjira mubisabwa bimwe.

• 
  

Guhitamo imyuka yuburyo bwihariye bwo gusudira

Guhitamo gazi nziza biterwa cyane nuburyo bwo gusudira nibikoresho fatizo.

Gusudira ibyuma bya gaz Arc (GMAW / MIG)

Gusudira MIG gushingira cyane ku mvange ya gaze ijyanye nicyuma cyihariye.

• Icyuma cya Carbone:

  • 100% CO2: Amahitamo ahenze cyane, atanga kwinjira cyane ariko spatter yo hejuru. Nibyiza kubikoresho binini.

  • Imvange ya Argon / CO2 (urugero, 75% Ar / 25% CO2 cyangwa “C25”): Guhitamo cyane kubihimbano rusange. Zitanga impirimbanyi nziza ya arc itajegajega, munsi ya CO2 yera, hamwe nisaro nziza cyane. CO2 yo hepfo (urugero, 5-15%) ikoreshwa mubikoresho byoroshye cyangwa gusudira MIG gusudira.

  • Imvange ya Argon / Oxygene (urugero, 95% Ar / 5% O2): Ikoreshwa mugutanga imiti yo gusudira ibyuma bya karubone, bitanga pisine isukuye cyane kandi yinjira cyane.

• Icyuma:

  • Argon / CO2 (urugero, 98% Ar / 2% CO2): Guhitamo bisanzwe, ariko ibirimo CO2 bigomba kubikwa hasi kugirango ugabanye karubone, ishobora kugabanya kurwanya ruswa.

  • Tri-Ivanga (Argon / Helium / CO2): Akenshi bikoreshwa mugusudira mugihe gito cyo gusudira ibyuma bitagira umuyonga, bitanga ibiranga arc byiza kandi bigabanya kugoreka.

• Aluminium:

  • 100% Argon: Guhitamo bisanzwe kuri MIG gusudira ya aluminiyumu kugeza kuri 1/2 cy'ubugari.

  • Imvange ya Argon / Helium (urugero, 50% Ar / 50% We cyangwa 25% Ar / 75% He): Ikoreshwa mubice binini bya aluminiyumu kugirango wongere ubushyuhe no kwinjira.

Gazi ya Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW / TIG)

Gusudira TIG muri rusange bisaba imyuka ya inert kugirango irinde tungsten idakoreshwa na electrode na pisine.

• Ibyuma byose (usibye ibice byinshi cyane): 100% Argon nuguhitamo kwisi yose, itanga arc nziza itangira, ituze, nigikorwa cyogusukura (cyane cyane kuri aluminium).

• Aluminiyumu cyangwa Umuringa: Imvange ya Argon / Helium (akenshi 50/50 cyangwa 75/25 Helium / Argon) ikoreshwa mukongera ingufu za arc hamwe nubushyuhe bwinjiza, bigatuma byinjira cyane kandi byihuta byurugendo kubikoresho byayobora cyane.

• 
  

Guhitamo imyuka yo gutema inzira

Gukata inzira bisaba imyuka kugirango yongere umuriro, guhanagura icyuma gishongeshejwe, cyangwa byombi.

Gukata Oxy-Ibicanwa

Ubu buryo bukoresha gaze ya lisansi ivanze na ogisijeni isukuye kugirango ishyushye icyuma ubushyuhe bwacyo, hanyuma umuvuduko ukabije wa ogisijeni ukoreshwa mu kwihuta (gutwika) no guhanagura icyuma. Guhitamo gaze ya lisansi bigira ingaruka zikomeye kugabanya umuvuduko nubwiza.

• Acetylene: Bitanga ubushyuhe buringaniye bwa gaze ya gaze isanzwe, itanga ibihe byihuta cyane. Nibyiza cyane gutobora no gutobora ariko bisaba kubyitondera neza kubera guhungabana kwumuvuduko mwinshi.

• Propane: Guhitamo mubukungu cyane, bikoreshwa cyane mugukata muri rusange no gushyushya. Ifite ubushyuhe buke bwa acetylene, bivamo igihe kirekire cyo gushyuha, ariko ni byiza kubika no gutwara.

• Propylene: Tanga ubushyuhe bwa flame hagati ya propane na acetylene. Itanga ubushyuhe bwihuse kuruta propane kandi akenshi ikundwa kubikorwa biremereye byo kugabanya porogaramu.

• Gazi isanzwe: Akenshi amahitamo ahenze cyane iyo ahinduwe mubikoresho. Ifite ubushyuhe buke bwa flame, bigatuma ikwiranye nibikoresho byoroheje cyangwa porogaramu aho igihe cyo gushyushya kitaba ikintu gikomeye.

Gukata Plasma Arc

Gukata plasma ikoresha indege yihuta ya gaze ioni (plasma) gushonga no guca icyuma.

• Umwuka (Umuyaga uhumanye): Guhitamo cyane kandi mubukungu muburyo rusange bwo guca ibyuma bya karubone, ibyuma bitagira umwanda, na aluminium. Irasaba umwuka mwiza, wumye, kandi udafite amavuta.

• Azote: Akenshi bikoreshwa mugukata ibyuma bitagira umwanda na aluminium, kuko bitanga inkombe isukuye hamwe na okiside nkeya ugereranije numwuka uhumanye. Irakoreshwa kandi nka gaze ya kabiri (ingabo) muri sisitemu ya gaze ebyiri.

• Ogisijeni: Itanga umuvuduko wogukata byihuse nimpande zisukuye kumyuma ya karubone, ariko ntibisabwa ibyuma bitagira umwanda cyangwa aluminium.

• Imvange ya Argon / Hydrogen (urugero, H35 - 65% Ar / 35% H2): Ikoreshwa mugukata ibyuma byinshi cyane bitagira umuyonga na aluminium. Hydrogen itanga ubushyuhe bwinshi, bikavamo ubwiza buhebuje kandi bwihuta kubikoresho bigoye.

• 
  

Guhitamo Gazi Incamake Matrix

Kugirango woroshye inzira yo gutoranya, reba ubu buryo bwihuse:

Ibitekerezo Byiza nubuziranenge

Ubuziranenge bwa gaze yinganda zawe nibyingenzi. Ibihumanya nk'ubushuhe, ogisijeni (mu gukoresha gaze ya inert), cyangwa hydrocarbone birashobora gutesha agaciro ubwiza bwa weld, bigatera ubwoba, ubwinshi, no kugaragara nabi.

• Imyuka yo mu rwego rwo gusudira: Buri gihe menya neza ko ukoresha imyuka yemejwe nk "urwego rwo gusudira," ubusanzwe ifite urwego rwo hejuru (urugero, 99,99% cyangwa irenga kuri argon).

• Cylinder Gutwara: Kubika neza no gukoresha silinderi ni ngombwa kugirango ubungabunge gaze. Komeza valve ifunze mugihe udakoreshejwe kandi wirinde kwerekana silinderi kubushyuhe bukabije.

• Sisitemu yo gutanga: Menya neza ko abagenzuzi bawe, ama shitingi, hamwe na fluxmeter bisukuye, bitarimo kumeneka, kandi bigenewe gaze yihariye ikoreshwa.

• 
  

Umwanzuro

Guhitamo gaze yinganda yo gusudira no gukata nintambwe yibanze mugushikira ibisubizo byiza, byiza, kandi bihendutse. Mugusobanukirwa ibiranga imyuka itandukanye ikingira no guca gaze, no kuyihuza nibikorwa byawe hamwe nibikoresho byihariye, urashobora guhindura imikorere yawe kandi ukemeza ubusugire bwakazi kawe. Ntutindiganye kugisha inama uwaguhaye gaze cyangwa uruganda rukora ibikoresho byo gusudira kugirango ubone ibyifuzo ukurikije ibyifuzo byawe byihariye byo gusaba.