Ukukhetha igesi yezimboni efanele akuyona nje indaba yokukhetha isilinda; kuyisinqumo esibalulekile esithinta ikhwalithi, ukusebenza kahle, nokuphepha kokushisela nokusika imisebenzi yakho. Igesi evikelayo efanelekile ivikela ichibi lokushisela elincibilikisiwe ekungcoleni komoya, kuyilapho igesi yokusika efanele iqinisekisa ukusikeka okuhlanzekile, okunembayo. Lo mhlahlandlela obanzi uzokuhambisa ezintweni ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha amagesi ezimboni, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uzuza imiphumela emihle yezinhlelo zakho zokusebenza ezithile.

Ukuqonda Amagesi Okuvikela Ukushisela

Amagesi okuvikela abalulekile ezinqubweni ezifana ne-Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW/MIG) ne-Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW/TIG). Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko uwukukhipha amagesi asemkhathini—ikakhulukazi umoya-mpilo ne-nitrogen—endaweni yokushisela. Uma la magesi asemkhathini engena echibini lokushisela elincibilikisiwe, angabangela i-porosity (izimbobo ekushiseleleni), ukonakala, nokubukeka kabi kokushisela.

Ukukhethwa kwegesi yokuvikela kuthonya kakhulu izici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zenqubo yokushisela:

• Ukuzinza kwe-Arc: Amanye amagesi akhuthaza i-arc ebushelelezi, ezinzile, ukunciphisa i-spatter nokwenza inqubo ibe lula ukuyilawula.

• Ukungena Kwe-Weld: Ukwakheka kwegesi kuthinta ukuthi ukushisa kungena ngokujulile kangakanani kusisekelo sensimbi, kuthonya amandla okuhlangana.

• Iphrofayela ye-Weld: Umumo we-weld bead (isb., flat, convex, noma concave) kunqunywa kancane igesi evikelayo.

• Izici zikaMechanical: Igesi ingathinta amandla okugcina, i-ductility, nokumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi yokushisela.

• Izinga le-Spatter: Izingxube ezithile zegesi zinciphisa i-spatter, zehlise isikhathi sokuhlanza ngemva kokushisela.

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Amagesi Ezimboni Ezivamile Asetshenziswa Ekushiseleni

Abaningi amagesi ezimboni asetshenziswa njalo ngoba ukushisela iwela ezigabeni ezimbalwa eziyinhloko, ngasinye sinikeza izici ezihlukile.

I-Argon (AR)

I-Argon iyihhashi lokuvikela amagesi. Kuyigesi engasebenzi, okusho ukuthi ayisebenzi ngamakhemikhali nensimbi encibilikisiwe.

• Izicelo: I-Argon iyisinqumo esijwayelekile sokushisela i-GTAW (TIG) yezinsimbi eziningi, ikakhulukazi i-aluminium, i-magnesium, ne-titanium. Ihlinzeka ngokuzinza kwe-arc okuhle kakhulu nokubukeka okuhlanzekile kwe-weld.

• Izici: Ikhiqiza iphrofayili yokungena encane, ejulile. Ngenxa yokuthi inzima kunomoya, ihlinzeka ngokufaka kahle kakhulu phezu kwechibi lokushisela, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zokushisela eziyisicaba.

Helium (He)

I-Helium enye igesi ye-inert, kodwa iziphatha ngendlela ehluke kakhulu ku-argon.

• Izicelo: Ivame ukusetshenziswa ngokuhambisana ne-argon ekushiseleni izinto eziwugqinsi noma izinsimbi ezine-conductivity ephezulu yokushisa, njenge-aluminium nethusi.

• Izici: I-Helium ikhiqiza i-arc eshisayo kune-argon, okuholela ekungeneni okubanzi, okujulile kanye nesivinini sokuhamba ngokushesha. Nokho, ilula kunomoya, idinga amazinga okugeleza aphezulu ukuze igcine isivikelo esanele, futhi ingenza ukuqala kwe-arc kube nzima kakhulu.

I-Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

Ngokungafani ne-argon ne-helium, i-carbon dioxide iyigesi esebenzayo. Ngaphansi kokushisa okunamandla kwe-arc yokushisela, ihlukana ibe yi-carbon monoxide nomoya-mpilo.

• Izicelo: I-CO2 isetshenziswa kabanzi ukushisela i-GMAW (MIG) ye-carbon steel. Ngokuvamile ukukhetha ukonga kakhulu.

• Izici: Ihlinzeka ngokungena okujulile kodwa ijwayele ukukhiqiza i-arc ezinzile futhi ngokuphawulekayo i-spatter kunamagesi angenayo noma izingxube ze-argon. Iphrofayili ye-weld ewumphumela ivamise ukuba banzi futhi ibe ne-oxidized kancane.

I-Oxygen (O2)

I-oksijeni iyasebenza kakhulu futhi ayilokothi isetshenziswe njengegesi eyisivikelo eyinhloko iyodwa.

• Izicelo: Inani elincane le-oxygen (imvamisa engu-1-5%) livame ukungezwa ku-argon ukuze kufakwe ikhabhoni yokushisela nezinsimbi ezine-alloy ephansi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi insimbi engagqwali.

• Izici: I-oksijeni ithuthukisa ukuzinza kwe-arc, yehlisa ukushuba kwesimo sensimbi encibilikisiwe (ivumela ukuthi iphume ngokushelela), futhi ingathuthukisa ukungena kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza.

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Ukukhetha Amagesi Wezinqubo Eziqondile Zokushisela

Ukukhetha okuhle kwegesi kuncike kakhulu kwinqubo yokushisela kanye nezinto eziyisisekelo.

I-Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW / MIG)

Ukushisela kwe-MIG kuncike kakhulu ezingxubeni zegesi eziklanyelwe insimbi ethile.

• Insimbi Yekhabhoni:

  • 100% CO2: Inketho engabizi kakhulu, enikeza ukungena okujulile kodwa i-spatter ephezulu. Ilungele izinto eziwugqinsi.

  • Izingxube ze-Argon/CO2 (isb., 75% Ar / 25% CO2 noma “C25”): Inketho evame kakhulu yokwenza okujwayelekile. Banikeza ibhalansi yokuzinza okuhle kwe-arc, i-spatter ephansi kune-CO2 ehlanzekile, nokubukeka okuhle kakhulu kwe-weld bead. Amaphesenti aphansi we-CO2 (isb., 5-15%) asetshenziselwa izinto ezincanyana noma ukushisela kwe-MIG okuphuhliwe.

  • Izingxube ze-Argon/Oxygen (isb., 95% Ar / 5% O2): Isetshenziselwa ukushisela ukudluliswa kwesifutho se-carbon steel, ikhiqiza ichibi lokushisela eliwuketshezi kakhulu kanye nokungena okujulile.

• Insimbi Engagqwali:

  • I-Argon/CO2 (isb., 98% Ar / 2% CO2): Inketho evamile, kodwa okuqukethwe kwe-CO2 kufanele kugcinwe kuphansi ukuze kuncishiswe ukulandwa kwekhabhoni, okunganciphisa ukumelana nokugqwala.

  • Ama-Tri-Mixes (Argon/Helium/CO2): Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukushisela i-short-circuit yensimbi engagqwali ezacile, ehlinzeka ngezici ezinhle kakhulu ze-arc nokunciphisa ukuhlanekezela.

• I-Aluminium:

  • 100% Argon: Ukukhetha okujwayelekile kokushisela okuningi kwe-MIG kwe-aluminium kufika cishe ku-1/2 intshi ubukhulu.

  • Izingxube ze-Argon/Helium (isb., 50% Ar / 50% He noma 25% Ar / 75% He): Isetshenziselwa izigaba ze-aluminium ezijiyile ukuze kukhuliswe okokufaka nokushisa.

I-Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW / TIG)

Ukushisela kwe-TIG ngokuvamile kudinga amagesi angenayo ukuze kuvikelwe i-electrode ye-tungsten engadleki kanye nedamu lokushisela.

• Zonke Izinsimbi (ngaphandle kwezingxenye eziwugqinsi kakhulu): I-100% i-Argon iyisinqumo sendawo yonke, ehlinzeka ngesiqalo esihle kakhulu se-arc, ukuzinza, kanye nesenzo sokuhlanza (okubaluleke kakhulu ku-aluminium).

• I-Aluminium Eminyene noma Ithusi: Izingxube ze-Argon/Helium (ngokuvamile i-50/50 noma 75/25 Helium/Argon) zisetshenziselwa ukukhulisa i-arc voltage kanye nokufakwa kokushisa, okuvumela ukungena okujulile kanye nesivinini sokuhamba esisheshayo ezintweni ezisebenza kakhulu.

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Ukukhetha Amagesi Wezinqubo Zokusika

Izinqubo zokusika zidinga amagesi ukuze aphembe ilangabi, aphephethe insimbi encibilikisiwe, noma kokubili.

I-Oxy-Fuel Cutting

Le nqubo isebenzisa igesi enguphethiloli exutshwe nomoya-mpilo ohlanzekile ukushisisa kuqala insimbi ekushiseni kwayo ukushisa, bese kusetshenziswa umoya womoya-mpilo onamandla ukuze kukhishwe i-oxidize ngokushesha (kushise) futhi kukhishwe insimbi. Ukukhethwa kwegesi kaphethiloli kuthinta kakhulu isivinini esinqunyiwe kanye nekhwalithi.

• I-Acetylene: Ikhiqiza izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu lelangabi lanoma iyiphi igesi yesibaseli evamile, okuvumela izikhathi zokushisa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Yinhle kakhulu ekubhobhozeni nasekubhobozeni kodwa idinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela ngenxa yokungaqini kwayo lapho kunengcindezi ephezulu.

• I-Propane: Ukukhetha ukonga kakhulu, okusetshenziselwa kabanzi ukusika nokushisa okujwayelekile. Inezinga lokushisa eliphansi lelangabi kune-acetylene, okuholela ezikhathini ezinde kancane zokushisa, kodwa iphephe kakhudlwana ukuyigcina nokuyihambisa.

• I-Propylene: Inikeza izinga lokushisa lomlilo phakathi kwe-propane ne-acetylene. Ihlinzeka ngezikhathi zokushisa ezisheshayo kune-propane futhi ivame ukuthandwa ezinhlelweni zokusika ezisindayo.

• Igesi Yemvelo: Ngokuvamile inketho engabizi kakhulu uma ifakwe ngamapayipi ngqo endaweni. Inezinga lokushisa eliphansi lelangabi, okuyenza ifaneleke kakhulu ezintweni ezizacile noma izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho isikhathi sokushisa ngaphambi kwesikhathi singesona isici esibalulekile.

Ukusika kwe-Plasma Arc

Ukusika i-Plasma kusebenzisa ijethi yegesi ene-ionized (i-plasma) enesivinini esiphezulu ukuze incibilike futhi ihlukanise insimbi.

• Umoya (Umoya Ocindezelwe): Inketho evame kakhulu neyongayo yokusika inhloso evamile ye-carbon steel, insimbi engagqwali, ne-aluminium. Idinga umoya ohlanzekile, owomile, futhi ongenawo uwoyela.

• I-nitrogen: Ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukusika insimbi engagqwali ne-aluminium, njengoba ikhiqiza umphetho ohlanzekile one-oxidation encane uma uqhathaniswa nomoya ocindezelwe. Ibuye isetshenziswe kaningi njengegesi yesibili (isihlangu) kumasistimu wegesi ekabili.

• I-oksijini: Ihlinzeka ngesivinini esisheshayo sokusika kanye nemiphetho ehlanzekile ku-carbon steel, kodwa ayinconyelwe insimbi engagqwali noma i-aluminium.

• Izingxube ze-Argon/I-Hydrogen (isb., H35 – 65% Ar / 35% H2): Isetshenziselwa ukusika insimbi engagqwali ewugqinsi kakhulu ne-aluminium. I-hydrogen inikeza ukudluliswa kokushisa okuphezulu, okuholela kukhwalithi yokusika enhle kakhulu nesivinini esisheshayo ezintweni ezinzima.

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I-Gas Selection Summary Matrix

Ukuze wenze inqubo yokukhetha ibe lula, bheka lo mhlahlandlela osheshayo:

Ukucatshangelwa kwekhwalithi nokuhlanzeka

Ukuhlanzeka kwegesi yakho yezimboni kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukungcola okufana nomswakama, umoya-mpilo (ekufakweni kwegesi engasebenzi), noma ama-hydrocarbon angehlisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yokushisela, kubangele ukuqina, ukonakala, nokubukeka kabi.

• I-Welding Grade Gases: Njalo qinisekisa ukuthi usebenzisa amagesi agunyazwe "njengebanga lokushisela," ngokuvamile anamazinga aphezulu okuhlanzeka (isb., 99.99% noma ngaphezulu kwe-argon).

• Ukuphathwa kwe-Cylinder: Ukugcinwa ngendlela efanele kanye nokuphathwa kwamasilinda kubalulekile ukugcina igesi ihlanzekile. Gcina ama-valve evaliwe uma engasetshenziswa futhi gwema ukubeka amasilinda emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.

• Amasistimu Wokulethwa: Qinisekisa ukuthi izilawuli zakho, amapayipi, nama-flowmeters ahlanzekile, awavuzi, futhi yakhelwe igesi ethile esetshenziswayo.

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Ukugcina

Ukukhetha i- igesi yezimboni kwesokudla ukushisela nokusika kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekuzuzeni imiphumela yekhwalithi ephezulu, ephumelelayo, futhi eyongayo. Ngokuqonda izakhiwo zamagesi avikelayo ahlukene namagesi okusika, futhi uwafanise nezinqubo zakho ezithile nezinto zokwakha, ungathuthukisa ukusebenza kwakho futhi uqinisekise ubuqotho bomsebenzi wakho. Ungangabazi ukubonisana nomphakeli wakho wegesi noma umkhiqizi wemishini yokushisela ukuze uthole izincomo ezihambisanayo ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zakho ezihlukile zohlelo lokusebenza.