Kwimura kuri Cryogenic Leta: Ibyiza byo gutanga amazi

Mugihe gaze ya argon ari igikoresho gikingira, uburyo bwo gutanga no kubika bugira uruhare runini mubikorwa byinganda no kugenzura ubuziranenge. Kubintu byinshi cyane cyangwa byinshi-bisukuye, gutanga argon muri silindiri ya gaze ntibishoboka. Ibi biratuzanira ubusobanuro bwa reta yamazi.

Gukora neza mububiko no gutwara

Imyuka ifata umwanya munini. Kubisunika muri silinderi nibikorwa bisanzwe, ariko no kumuvuduko mwinshi, ingano ya gaze irimo ni nto. Ikigereranyo cyo kwaguka kwa argon kuva mumazi na gaze ni igitangaza 1 kugeza 840.

Ibi bivuze ko ingano imwe yamazi yaguka kugeza kuri 840 ya gaze mubushyuhe busanzwe hamwe nigitutu.

Kubika no gutwara ibintu muburyo bwa kirogenike bwamazi mubushyuhe buri munsi ya -185.8 ° C (-302.4 ° F), ubwinshi bushobora gucungwa neza. Ikigega kinini cyamazi gishobora gusimbuza amagana ya silindari yumuvuduko mwinshi, kugabanya cyane ibikoresho bigoye, inshuro zitangwa, hamwe nakazi kajyanye no gutunganya silinderi.

Ntabwo ari ngombwa

Inyungu zingenzi cyane zo gukoresha sisitemu yo gutanga ibintu kubintu byoroshye ni ukuzamura ubwiza.

Iyo bibyara gaze-isukuye cyane, isoko yamazi ikora nkibintu bisanzwe. Inzira yo gutandukanya ibice bikoreshwa mugutandukanya umwuka mubyuka byacyo mubisanzwe bitanga ibicuruzwa byamazi meza cyane. Byongeye kandi, guhora ushushanya mu kigega cyamazi ukoresheje vaporizer birinda ibibazo rusange byanduye bijyana no guhanahana gaze ya gaze, nko kwinjiza ubushuhe bwikirere cyangwa umwanda mugihe cyo guhuza no gutandukana.

Inganda zisaba Kuzenguruka cyane, inganda zisanzwe-inganda argon akenshi ntizihagije. Izi porogaramu zisaba "Ultra-High Purity" (UHP) argon, mubisanzwe yirata urwego rwa 99,999% (bakunze kwita "icyenda") cyangwa irenga. Umwanda wanduye (ogisijeni, ubushuhe, hydrocarbone yose) ugomba kubikwa kubice kuri miriyoni (ppm) cyangwa ibice kuri miliyari (ppb). Kugumana urwego rwisuku kuva muruganda rutanga umusaruro kugeza kumatara yo gusudira birashoboka cyane ko byacungwa kandi byizewe mugihe ukoresheje ibikorwa remezo byamazi ya kirogenike.

Porogaramu Zikomeye: Aho Ubuziranenge butaganirwaho

Imikoreshereze yiyi ngabo ya ultra-yera, ihumeka ntabwo ari rusange; ni ikintu cyihariye gisabwa mumirenge aho kunanirwa gusudira ari ibyago, haba mubijyanye numutekano, igihombo cyamafaranga, cyangwa ibicuruzwa byanduye.

1. Ikirere n'Indege

Inganda zo mu kirere zikorera kumaraso yubumenyi bwibintu. Indege hamwe n’icyogajuru bifashisha amavuta adasanzwe - nka titanium, Inconel, hamwe n’amanota yihariye ya aluminiyumu - kugira ngo igabanye imbaraga n’ibiro kandi ihangane n’ibikorwa bikabije.

Titanium, byumwihariko, irazwi cyane. Ndetse umunota mwinshi wa ogisijeni cyangwa azote yanduye mugihe cyo gusudira bizavamo gukuramo, akenshi bigaragazwa no guhinduka ibara ry'ubururu cyangwa umuhondo (bizwi nka "alpha case"). Kugirango ushobore gusudira neza ibice bya titanium, nka sisitemu yo gusohora moteri cyangwa ibice byubatswe, icyuho cyuzuye cyangwa guhanagura neza argon ni itegeko.

2. Gukora Semiconductor

Guhimba microchips bisaba ibidukikije bisukuye kuruta icyumba gikoreramo ibitaro. Sisitemu yo gutanga imiyoboro itanga imyuka ya ultra-high yo gutunganya ibikoresho byo guhimba igomba kuba itagira inenge. Kudatungana kwimbere kwose, nka microscopique crevice cyangwa agace ka okiside (rouge), birashobora kubika ibyanduye cyangwa kumenagura ibice byangiza imashanyarazi ya microscopique ikorwa.

Muri uru ruganda, gusudira orbital bikunze gukoreshwa. Ubu buryo bwikora bushingiye cyane kuri UHP argon kugirango isukure hanze ndetse ninyuma yigituba ihujwe, irebe neza neza imbere, idafite ubumara bwimbere butazabangamira uburyo bwo guhimba igice.

3. Ibinyabuzima bikomoka ku binyabuzima n'ibiribwa / Ibinyobwa

Kimwe no gukora semiconductor, inganda zikora imiti nogutunganya ibiryo zishyira imbere isuku nubusembure. Sisitemu yo kuvoma ibyuma hamwe nibikoresho bikoreshwa mukuvanga no gutwara ibintu bikora cyangwa ibicuruzwa byibiribwa bigomba kuba byoroshye kandi bigahinduka.

Niba gusudira bitameze neza kandi bitarimo okiside kubera gukingirwa bidahagije, bituma habaho ahantu hafite microscopique kugirango bagiteri na biofilm bikure. Izi "mitego" ntishobora gukurwaho nuburyo busanzwe bwo kwisukura (CIP), biganisha ku kwanduza ibicuruzwa bikabije. Argon-isukuye cyane yemeza ko abasudira bakomeza kurwanya ruswa kandi bakarangiza neza nkibikoresho fatizo bidafite ingese.

4. Inganda za kirimbuzi

Ibisabwa urwego rwa kirimbuzi birigaragaza. Ibigize bikoreshwa mumashanyarazi hamwe na sisitemu yo kubitsa birashobora gukwirakwizwa nimirasire ikabije, ubushyuhe, nigitutu mumyaka myinshi ya serivisi. Uburinganire bwimiterere yabasudira bugomba kuba bwuzuye. Porotokole ihamye y’ubuziranenge mu guhimba ibitwaro bya kirimbuzi itegeka gukoresha ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru kandi bikingira uburyo bwo kwirinda ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose cyo kunanirwa cyangwa kumeneka.

Ubukanishi bwo Gukingira neza

Kugira gusa gaze-isuku ihari ntibihagije; igomba gukoreshwa neza kugirango ikore ingabo nziza. Sisitemu yo gutanga hamwe nubuhanga bukoreshwa nibintu byingenzi bigize gahunda yo gusudira.

Igipimo cyo gutemba no gutwikira

Igipimo cya gazi nigikorwa cyoroshye cyo kuringaniza.

• Hasi cyane: Gazi ntishobora kwimura ikirere cyikirere neza, biganisha ku kwanduza no gutitira.

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• Hejuru cyane: Umuvuduko ukabije urashobora gutera imivurungano, mubyukuri ushushanya umwuka wibidukikije muri zone weld ukoresheje ingaruka ya Venturi, ugatsinda intego yingabo.

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Igipimo cyiza cyo gutembera biterwa nubunini bwa nozzle, inzira yo gusudira, igishushanyo mbonera, hamwe nibidukikije (nkibishushanyo mbonera byakazi). Abasudira bakoresha metero ya gazi kugirango bahindure neza itangwa.

Lens

Gutezimbere no kugabanya imivurungano, ibikoresho byabugenewe byitwa lisansi ikoreshwa kenshi, cyane cyane mu gusudira TIG. Lens ya gaze irimo ibice byiza bya meshi idafite ibyuma ikora nka diffuzeri. Aho kugira ngo gazi ihindagurika ivuye muri nozzle, lisansi ya gaze itanga urujya n'uruza rw'amazi meza. Iyi nkingi ya laminari iragenda igera kuri nozzle, itanga uburinzi buhebuje kandi yemerera gusudira kwagura tungsten electrode kugirango irusheho kugaragara neza mu ngingo zifatika.

Gusukura: Kurinda Imizi

Mugihe itara ririnda hejuru yubudodo, uruhande rwinyuma (cyangwa "umuzi") rwurugingo narwo rugomba gusuzumwa, cyane cyane iyo gusudira imiyoboro cyangwa imiyoboro ifunze. Niba inyuma ya weld ihuye numwuka mugihe ushongeshejwe, izahinduka okiside cyane, itere inenge izwi nka "isukari."

Kugirango wirinde ibi, ubwinshi bwimbere bwumuyoboro cyangwa ubwato bwuzuyemo gaze ya inert mbere no mugihe cyo gusudira. Ubu buhanga, buzwi nkugusukura inyuma, nibyingenzi mubikorwa byera. Ku byuma bikomeye bitagira umuyonga cyangwa umuyoboro wa titanium, gaze yo gusukura imbere ikurikiranwa hamwe nisesengura rya ogisijeni kugira ngo umwuka wa ogisijeni wagabanutse kugera ku ntera yemewe ya ppm mbere yuko arc ikubitwa.

Imyuka ivanze: Kudoda Ingabo

Mugihe argon isukuye nigipimo cyo gusudira TIG ibyuma bidafite ferro no kubisukura, rimwe na rimwe bivangwa nizindi myuka kugirango hongerwe arc ibiranga arc kubikorwa byihariye, cyane cyane muri Welding.

• Argon / Helium Yivanze: Helium, indi gaze nziza, ifite ubushobozi bwa ionisiyoneri nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwumuriro kuruta argon. Ongeramo helium kuvanga byongera ubushyuhe bwinjira muri arc, bikavamo kwinjira cyane kandi byihuta byurugendo. Ibi bikunze gukoreshwa mugusudira aluminiyumu yuzuye cyangwa umuringa.

• Argon / CO2 Ivanga: Kuri MIG gusudira ibyuma bya karubone, argon yera ikunda gutanga umwirondoro muto, umeze nkurutoki rwinjira hamwe na arc idahwitse. Ongeraho ijanisha rito rya Dioxyde de Carbone (mubisanzwe 5% kugeza 25%) ituza arc, itezimbere amazi ya pisine, kandi yagura umwirondoro.

• Argon / Oxygene ivanze: Kwiyongera gake cyane kwa ogisijeni (1% kugeza 2%) birashobora gukoreshwa mugusudira MIG wicyuma kitagira umwanda kugirango uhagarike arc kandi utezimbere ibikorwa byo guhanagura pisine idasudira bidateye okiside ikomeye.

• Argon / Hydrogen ivanze: Mubisobanuro byihariye bya TIG byo gusudira, nko gusudira mu buryo bwikora bwa austenitike idafite ibyuma, ibyuma bike bya hydrogène (2% kugeza 5%) birashobora kongerwamo. Hydrogene ikora nk'igikoresho kigabanya, ifasha gukuramo umwuka wa ogisijeni no gutanga isuku idasanzwe, gusudira neza hamwe no kongera ubushyuhe bworoheje.

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Ndetse no muri ibyo bintu byihariye bivangwa, argon ikomeza kuba urufatiro, itanga ingabo yambere ya inert mugihe gaze yongeweho neza ihuza neza ibintu bifatika bya arc.

Ibidukikije n'umutekano

Nka gaze ya inert, argon ntabwo ari uburozi, yaka, cyangwa ibora. Urebye kubidukikije, ntabwo bigira uruhare mu gushiraho umwotsi cyangwa kugabanuka kwa ozone. Yatijwe gusa nikirere kandi amaherezo iragaruka.

Nyamara, protocole yumutekano igomba kubahirizwa byimazeyo, cyane cyane kubyerekeranye no guhumeka.

Asphyxiation Hazard

Kubera ko iremereye kuruta umwuka, iyi gaze irashobora kwirundanyiriza ahantu hakeye, mu myobo, mu mwobo, cyangwa ahantu hafunzwe (nko imbere mu cyombo kinini gisukurwa). Yimura ogisijeni. Kubera ko idafite ibara kandi idafite impumuro nziza, umukozi winjira mu bidukikije bya ogisijeni ntazamenya ko bari mu kaga kugeza igihe bazaba badafite ubushobozi.

Uburyo bukomeye bwo kwinjira mu kirere, guhumeka neza, no gukoresha monitor ya ogisijeni ni itegeko mugihe ukorana nubunini bwa gaze ya inert ahantu hafunzwe.

Ibyago bya Cryogenic

Iyo uhuye na sisitemu yo gutanga amazi, hari ingaruka zihariye zijyanye n'ubukonje bukabije. Guhura n'amazi ya kirogenike cyangwa imiyoboro idakingiye irashobora gutera ubukonje bukabije. Ibikoresho bikwiye byo kurinda umuntu (PPE), harimo uturindantoki twa kirogenike hamwe ninkinzo zo mu maso, bigomba kwambarwa mugihe gikora indangagaciro cyangwa guhuza ingofero n'ikime cyamazi cyangwa ibigega byinshi.

Ikigeretse kuri ibyo, igipimo kinini cyo kwaguka cyavuzwe haruguru bivuze ko niba amazi yafatiwe mu gice cyumuyoboro uri hagati yimibiri ibiri ifunze idafite ibikoresho byorohereza umuvuduko, nkuko bishyuha kandi bigahinduka umwuka, umuvuduko ukomokaho urashobora gutera kunanirwa gukabije kwimiyoboro.

Ejo hazaza h'ibihimbano byinshi

Mugihe ikoranabuhanga ritera imbere, ibikoresho dukoresha bigenda bigorana, kandi kwihanganira gutsindwa bigabanuka hafi ya zeru. Ibisabwa mubikorwa bitagira inenge bikomeje kwiyongera mubice byose byikoranabuhanga.

Muri iki gishushanyo, uruhare rwizewe, rwiza-rwiza Gukingira gaze ni ngombwa cyane kuruta mbere hose. Inzibacyuho kuva kuri silinderi yumuntu ku giti cye yerekeza kuri sisitemu yo gutanga amazi ya kirogenike yerekana gukura mubikorwa byo gukora, gushyira imbere imikorere, guhoraho, kandi ikiruta byose, ubuziranenge butajegajega busabwa kugira ngo bwuzuze ibipimo byubuhanga bugezweho.

Inkinzo itagaragara yatanzwe na Amazi argon izakomeza kuba ikintu cyibanze mu kubaka ejo hazaza - uhereye kuri microchips ikoresha isi yacu ya digitale kugeza icyogajuru cyiga ku isanzure ry'ikirere, ikemeza ko amasano akomeye ahuza byose akomeza gukomera, yera, kandi ntavunika.

Ibibazo

1. Nshobora gukoresha gaze isanzwe yinganda ya argon aho gukoresha amazi ya argon yamazi kugirango akoreshwe neza?

Mugihe inganda zisanzwe zinganda zibereye imirimo myinshi yo guhimba muri rusange, akenshi iba irimo umwanda wimyanda (nka ogisijeni nubushuhe) bitemewe kubisabwa byera cyane. Amasoko ava mumashanyarazi no gukoresha imyuka itanga ibyuka bihanitse cyane kugirango habeho isuku, kuko gushushanya guhoraho birinda umwanda ukunze gutangizwa mugihe cya gaze ya gaze. Ku nganda zikomeye nka semiconductor cyangwa icyogajuru, gukoresha amanota meza cyane (UHP) aturuka muri sisitemu y'amazi menshi birasabwa cyane kandi akenshi birateganijwe.

2. Kuki argon ikundwa na azote nkibidukikije bikingira inert?

Nubwo azote ihendutse kandi igizwe na 78% yikirere, ntabwo iba inert mubushuhe bukabije bwa arc yo gusudira. Azote irashobora gukora hamwe nibyuma byinshi, cyane cyane ibyuma na titanium, bikora nitide. Iyi nitride irashobora gushonga muri pisine isudira, bigatera kwinjirira cyane kandi bikagabanya cyane imbaraga zubukorikori. Argon, kuba gaze nziza, ikomeza kuba inert ya chimique ndetse no mubushyuhe bwa plasma, bigatuma nta reaction yimiti idakenewe ibaho hamwe nicyuma gishongeshejwe.

3. "Gusukura inyuma" ni iki, kandi ni ukubera iki ari ngombwa?

Gusukura inyuma ni inzira yo kuzuza umwobo w'imbere w'umuyoboro cyangwa icyombo hamwe na gaze ya inert (ubusanzwe argon) mbere no mugihe cyo gusudira. Mugihe itara ryo gusudira ririnda hejuru yuburinganire bwikirere, ubushyuhe bwinjira mubice byimbere (umuzi). Niba imbere mu muyoboro huzuyemo umwuka usanzwe, umuzi ushongeshejwe uzakorana na ogisijeni, bigatera inenge ikaze, ya okiside cyane izwi ku izina rya “isukari.” Isuku yinyuma ituma imbere ninyuma ya weld iguma ahantu hasukuye, ni ngombwa mu miyoboro y’isuku no kuyikoresha cyane.