Kusankha gasi woyenera wa mafakitale si nkhani yongotola silinda; ndichisankho chofunikira chomwe chimakhudza ubwino, mphamvu, ndi chitetezo cha ntchito zanu zowotcherera ndi kudula. Mpweya wotchinga woyenerera umateteza dziwe la weld losungunuka kuti lisaipitsidwe ndi mlengalenga, pomwe mpweya wodula bwino umatsimikizira kudulidwa kwaukhondo, kolondola. Kalozera watsatanetsataneyu adzakuthandizani pazifukwa zofunika kuziganizira posankha mpweya wamakampani, kuwonetsetsa kuti mupeza zotsatira zabwino kwambiri pazomwe mungagwiritse ntchito.

Kumvetsetsa Magesi Oteteza Kuwotcherera

Mipweya yotchinga ndiyofunikira pamachitidwe monga Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW/MIG) ndi Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW/TIG). Ntchito yawo yaikulu ndi kuchotsa mpweya wa mumlengalenga—makamaka okosijeni ndi nayitrojeni—m’malo amene amawotchera. Mipweya ya mumlengalenga imeneyi ikalowa mu dziwe la weld, imatha kuyambitsa porosity (mabowo mu weld), brittleness, ndi kusawoneka bwino.

Kusankhidwa kwa gasi wotchinga kumakhudza kwambiri mbali zingapo zofunika pakuwotcherera:

• Kukhazikika kwa Arc: Mipweya ina imalimbikitsa kuti ikhale yosalala, yokhazikika, kuchepetsa spatter ndikupangitsa kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yosavuta kuwongolera.

• Kulowa kwa Weld: Kupangidwa kwa mpweya kumakhudza momwe kutentha kumalowera mkati mwazitsulo, kumapangitsa mphamvu ya mgwirizano.

• Mbiri ya Weld: Maonekedwe a weld bead (mwachitsanzo, flat, convex, kapena concave) amatsimikiziridwa pang'ono ndi mpweya wotchinga.

• Katundu Wamakina: Mpweyawu ungakhudze mphamvu yomaliza, ductility, ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa chitsulo chowotcherera.

• Mulingo wa Spatter: Zosakaniza zina za gasi zimachepetsa spatter, zimachepetsa nthawi yoyeretsa pambuyo pa weld.

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Magesi Wamba Ogwiritsidwa Ntchito Powotcherera

Kwambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza mpweya wamakampani zowotcherera zimagwera m'magulu angapo oyambira, chilichonse chimapereka mawonekedwe ake.

Argon (Ar)

Argon ndiye kavalo woteteza mpweya. Ndi gasi wopanda pake, kutanthauza kuti samachita zinthu ndi chitsulo chosungunuka.

• Mapulogalamu: Argon ndiye chisankho chokhazikika pa kuwotcherera kwa GTAW (TIG) kwazitsulo zambiri, makamaka aluminiyamu, magnesium, ndi titaniyamu. Zimapereka kukhazikika kwa arc komanso mawonekedwe oyera a weld.

• Makhalidwe: Zimapanga mbiri yopapatiza, yozama kwambiri. Chifukwa ndi olemera kuposa mpweya, amapereka kuphimba bwino pa dziwe weld, makamaka malo kuwotcherera lathyathyathya.

Helium (Iye)

Helium ndi mpweya wina wa inert, koma umachita mosiyana kwambiri ndi argon.

• Mapulogalamu: Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi argon powotcherera zinthu zokhuthala kapena zitsulo zokhala ndi matenthedwe apamwamba, monga aluminiyamu ndi mkuwa.

• Makhalidwe: Helium imapanga arc yotentha kwambiri kuposa argon, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azilowa mozama, mozama komanso kuyenda mofulumira. Komabe, ndi yopepuka kuposa mpweya, yomwe imafunika kuthamanga kwapamwamba kuti ikhale ndi chitetezo chokwanira, ndipo ingapangitse kuyamba kwa arc kukhala kovuta kwambiri.

Mpweya wa carbon dioxide (CO2)

Mosiyana ndi argon ndi helium, carbon dioxide ndi mpweya wokhazikika. Pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu kwa arc yowotcherera, imaphwanyidwa kukhala carbon monoxide ndi mpweya.

• Mapulogalamu: CO2 chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwotcherera GMAW (MIG) wa carbon steel. Nthawi zambiri ndi chisankho chandalama kwambiri.

• Makhalidwe: Amapereka kulowa mkati mozama koma amakonda kupanga arc yosakhazikika komanso sipatter kwambiri kuposa mipweya ya inert kapena zosakaniza za argon. Zotsatira zake zowotcherera nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotakata komanso zokhala ndi okosijeni pang'ono.

Oxygen (O2)

Oxygen imagwira ntchito kwambiri ndipo sagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gasi wodzitchinjiriza pawokha.

• Mapulogalamu: Mpweya wochepa wa okosijeni (nthawi zambiri 1-5%) umawonjezeredwa ku argon powotcherera zitsulo za carbon ndi low-alloy, ndipo nthawi zina zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.

• Makhalidwe: Oxygen imapangitsa kukhazikika kwa arc, imachepetsa kugwedezeka kwa pamwamba pa chitsulo chosungunula (kumaloleza kutuluka bwino), ndipo imatha kupititsa patsogolo kulowa muzinthu zina.

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Kusankha Magesi a Njira Zowotcherera Mwapadera

Kusankha bwino kwa gasi kumadalira kwambiri njira yowotcherera ndi zinthu zoyambira.

Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW / MIG)

Kuwotcherera kwa MIG kumadalira kwambiri kusakaniza kwa gasi wopangidwa ndi chitsulo chenichenicho.

• Chitsulo cha Carbon:

  • 100% CO2: Njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri, yopereka kulowa mwakuya koma sipatter yapamwamba. Zabwino pazinthu zokhuthala.

  • Zosakaniza za Argon/CO2 (mwachitsanzo, 75% Ar / 25% CO2 kapena "C25"): Chisankho chofala kwambiri pakupanga wamba. Amapereka kukhazikika kwabwino kwa arc, spatter yotsika kuposa CO2 yoyera, komanso mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri a weld. Maperesenti otsika a CO2 (mwachitsanzo, 5-15%) amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zowonda kwambiri kapena kuwotcherera kwa pulsed MIG.

  • Zosakaniza za Argon/Oxygen (mwachitsanzo, 95% Ar / 5% O2): Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuwotcherera kutsitsi kwa carbon steel, kupanga dziwe lamadzimadzi kwambiri komanso kulowa kwambiri.

• Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri:

  • Argon/CO2 (mwachitsanzo, 98% Ar / 2% CO2): Chisankho chodziwika bwino, koma zomwe zili mu CO2 ziyenera kukhala zotsika kuti muchepetse kujambula kwa kaboni, zomwe zingachepetse kukana kwa dzimbiri.

  • Tri-Mixes (Argon/Helium/CO2): Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito powotcherera pang'ono pang'ono zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri, zomwe zimapereka mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri arc ndikuchepetsa kupotoza.

• Aluminiyamu:

  • 100% Argon: Chisankho chokhazikika cha kuwotcherera kwa MIG kwa aluminiyamu mpaka pafupifupi 1/2 inchi wandiweyani.

  • Zosakaniza za Argon / Helium (mwachitsanzo, 50% Ar / 50% Iye kapena 25% Ar / 75% Iye): Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo okhuthala a aluminiyamu kuti awonjezere kutentha komanso kulowa.

Kuwotcherera kwa Tungsten Arc (GTAW / TIG)

Kuwotcherera kwa TIG nthawi zambiri kumafuna mpweya wokwanira kuti uteteze ma elekitirodi osagwiritsidwa ntchito a tungsten ndi dziwe la weld.

• Zitsulo Zonse (kupatula zigawo zakuda kwambiri): 100% Argon ndiye chisankho chapadziko lonse lapansi, chopereka ma arc abwino kwambiri, kukhazikika, ndi kuyeretsa (makamaka aluminium).

• Aluminiyamu wandiweyani kapena Mkuwa: Zosakaniza za Argon/Helium (nthawi zambiri 50/50 kapena 75/25 Helium/Argon) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuonjezera mphamvu ya arc ndi kutentha, kulola kulowa mozama komanso kuthamanga kwachangu pazida zowongolera kwambiri.

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Kusankha Magesi Odula Njira

Njira zodulira zimafunikira mpweya kuti uwotche lawi, kuwotcha chitsulo chosungunuka, kapena zonse ziwiri.

Kudula kwa Mafuta a Oxy

Njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wamafuta wosakanikirana ndi mpweya wabwino kuti utenthetse chitsulo mpaka kutentha kwake, ndiyeno mpweya wothamanga kwambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito kutulutsa okosijeni mwachangu (kuwotcha) ndikuwotcha chitsulocho. Kusankhidwa kwa gasi wamafuta kumakhudza kwambiri kuthamanga ndi mtundu.

• Acetylene: Amatulutsa kutentha kwa lawi lamoto kwambiri kuposa mafuta wamba aliwonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthawi ya preheat ikhale yachangu kwambiri. Ndi yabwino kwa beveling ndi kuboola koma imafuna kuigwira mosamala chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwake pazitseko zazikulu.

• Propane: Kusankha kwachuma kwambiri, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri podula komanso kutenthetsa. Imakhala ndi kutentha kwa lawi locheperapo kuposa acetylene, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthawi ya preheat italike pang'ono, koma ndi yabwino kusunga ndi kunyamula.

• Propylene: Amapereka kutentha kwa lawi pakati pa propane ndi acetylene. Imapereka nthawi yotentha kwambiri kuposa propane ndipo nthawi zambiri imakonda kugwiritsa ntchito kudula kwambiri.

• Gasi Wachilengedwe: Nthawi zambiri njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri ngati itayipiridwa mwachindunji kumalo. Ili ndi kutentha kwa moto wocheperako, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kwambiri pazinthu zowonda kwambiri kapena ntchito zomwe nthawi ya preheat si chinthu chofunikira kwambiri.

Kudula kwa Plasma Arc

Kudula kwa plasma kumagwiritsa ntchito jeti yothamanga kwambiri ya ionized gasi (plasma) kusungunula ndi kudula chitsulocho.

• Mpweya (Woponderezedwa): Chisankho chodziwika bwino komanso chachuma pakudulira zitsulo za kaboni, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, ndi aluminiyamu. Pamafunika mpweya waukhondo, wowuma, komanso wopanda mafuta.

• Nayitrojeni: Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito podula zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi aluminiyamu, chifukwa amatulutsa m'mphepete mwawo ndi oxidation wocheperako poyerekeza ndi mpweya woponderezedwa. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pafupipafupi ngati mpweya wachiwiri (chishango) pamakina apawiri.

• Mpweya: Amapereka liwiro lachangu kwambiri komanso m'mphepete mwake pazitsulo za kaboni, koma sizovomerezeka pazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kapena aluminiyamu.

• Zosakaniza za Argon/Hydrogen (mwachitsanzo, H35 - 65% Ar / 35% H2): Amagwiritsidwa ntchito podula zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri komanso aluminiyamu. Hydrojeni imapereka kutentha kwakukulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zabwino kwambiri zodulidwa komanso kuthamanga kwachangu pazinthu zovuta.

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Gasi Selection Summary Matrix

Kuti musankhidwe mosavuta, onani kalozera wofulumira:

Kuganizira za Ubwino ndi Ukhondo

Kuyera kwa gasi wanu wamakampani ndikofunikira kwambiri. Zowononga monga chinyezi, okosijeni (pa gasi wopumira), kapena ma hydrocarbons amatha kuwononga kwambiri mtundu wa weld, kupangitsa porosity, brittleness, ndi mawonekedwe osawoneka bwino.

• Mawotchi a Gasi Wowotcherera: Onetsetsani kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wovomerezeka ngati "giredi yowotcherera," yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yoyera kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, 99.99% kapena kupitilira apo kwa argon).

• Kusamalira Cylinder: Kusungirako bwino ndi kusamalira masilindala ndikofunikira kuti gasi akhale wachiyero. Sungani mavavu otsekedwa pamene sakugwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo pewani kuyika masilindala kumalo otentha kwambiri.

• Kachitidwe Kakatundu: Onetsetsani kuti zowongolera zanu, mapaipi, ndi ma flowmeters anu ndi aukhondo, alibe kudontha, ndipo adapangidwira gasi omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito.

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Mapeto

Kusankha a gasi woyenera wamafakitale pakuwotcherera ndi kudula ndi gawo lofunikira kuti mukwaniritse zotsatira zapamwamba, zogwira mtima, komanso zotsika mtengo. Pomvetsetsa zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yotchinjiriza ndi mpweya wodula, ndikufananiza ndi njira zanu ndi zida zanu, mutha kukulitsa ntchito zanu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ntchito yanu ndi yodalirika. Osazengereza kufunsana ndi omwe akukupatsirani gasi kapena wopanga zida zowotcherera kuti akupatseni malingaliro ogwirizana ndi zomwe mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito.