Gusobanukirwa Imiterere y'Ikintu

Mbere yo gucengera muri protocole yihariye ya Gukemura Amazi ya Argon, ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa imiterere yumubiri ningaruka zisanzwe batanga. Argon (Ar) ni gazi nziza itagira ibara, idafite impumuro nziza, uburyohe, kandi idafite uburozi. Igizwe na 0,93% by'ikirere cy'isi. Kugirango utwarwe kandi ubibike neza, bikonjeshwa nubushyuhe bwa kirogenike - cyane cyane munsi ya -185.8 ° C (-302.4 ° F) - kubihindura muburyo bwamazi.

Uku kugabanuka gukabije kwubushyuhe hamwe nikigereranyo cyo kwaguka nyuma iyo kiva mumasoko niyo soko y'ibanze ishobora guteza akaga.

Kwaguka

Umubumbe umwe wamazi waguka kugera kuri 840 ya gaze mubushyuhe busanzwe hamwe nigitutu. Niba uku kwaguka kugaragara ahantu hafunzwe hatabayeho guhumeka bihagije, byimura vuba ogisijeni, biganisha ku kaga gakomeye ko guhumeka. Kubera ko gaze idafite impumuro nziza kandi idafite ibara, abakozi ntibashobora kumenya ko umwuka wa ogisijeni ugabanuka kugeza igihe bazunguye umutwe, ubwenge, cyangwa nabi.

Ibyago bya Cryogenic

Ubukonje bukabije bwibintu byamazi bitera ingaruka zikomeye kumubiri wabantu. Guhuza mu buryo butaziguye n'amazi cyangwa idakingiwe imiyoboro hamwe na valve birashobora gutera ubukonje bukabije, bikunze kuvugwa nko gutwika. Kwangirika kwinyama byihuse kandi byimbitse, bisaba ubuvuzi bwihariye.

Kwinjiza ibikoresho

Ibikoresho byose ntibishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwa kirogenike. Ibyuma bisanzwe nk'ibyuma bya karubone na plastiki nyinshi biba byoroshye kandi birashobora kumeneka iyo bihuye n'ubukonje bukabije. Gukoresha ibikoresho bikwiye kubikorwa remezo nibyingenzi.

Imyitozo Nziza yo Gukemura Amazi ya Cryogenic

Gukemura Amazi ya Argon bikenera umutekano uhuza amahugurwa akomeye, ibikoresho bikingira umuntu birinda (PPE), no kubahiriza byimazeyo protocole yashyizweho.

Ibikoresho byigenga byo kurinda umuntu (PPE)

Abakozi bakorana cyangwa hafi ya sisitemu ya cryogenic bagomba kuba bafite PPE yihariye igamije kurinda ubukonje bukabije. Imyenda isanzwe y'inganda ntabwo ihagije.

• Uturindantoki twa Cryogenic: Ibi bigomba kuba bidakwiriye kugirango bishoboke gukurwaho vuba iyo habaye isuka. Bagomba gukingirwa kandi bagashushanya byumwihariko kugirango bakoreshe cryogenic.

• Kurinda amaso no mu maso: Inkinzo yuzuye yo mumaso hejuru yikirahure cyumutekano hamwe ningabo zo kuruhande ni itegeko. Kumeneka birashobora kwangiza ako kanya amaso.

• Imyenda ikingira: Amashati maremare maremare, ipantaro ndende idafite isafuriya (kugirango irinde amazi guhurira), hamwe na feri ikozwe mubikoresho bidafite isuku.

• Inkweto: Inkweto zikomeye z'uruhu cyangwa inkweto zihariye z'umutekano zigomba kwambarwa, kandi amaguru y'ipantaro agomba guhora apfuka hanze yinkweto kugirango ahinduke.

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Kwimura inzira n'ibikoresho

Igikorwa cyo kwimura amazi ava mumodoka zitanga kubigega, cyangwa kuva mubigega kugeza aho bisabwa, nicyiciro gikomeye aho impanuka zishobora kuba.

• Kugenzura mbere yo kwimura: Mbere yuko iyimurwa ryose ritangira, amahuza yose, indangagaciro, hamwe na hose bigomba kugenzurwa kugirango byambare, byangiritse, cyangwa ubuhehere. Ndetse nubushuhe buke burashobora guhita bukonja, bikabuza indangagaciro kandi bigatera kwiyongera.

• Imirongo yo gutunganya: Imirongo yo kwimura igomba guhanagurwa na azote yumye cyangwa gaze ya argon kugirango ikureho ubuhehere numwuka mbere yuko amazi ya kirogenike atangira.

• Buhoro Intangiriro: Urujya n'uruza rugomba gutangizwa buhoro kugirango wemerere imirongo yoherejwe gukonja buhoro. Gukonjesha byihuse birashobora gutera ihungabana ryumuriro no kunanirwa kubintu.

• Kugenzura buri gihe: Umukoresha wahuguwe agomba gukurikirana inzira yo kwimura ubudahwema. Sisitemu zikoresha zifite agaciro, ariko kugenzura abantu ni ngombwa kugirango dusubize ibintu bitunguranye.

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Guhumeka no gukurikirana

Urebye igipimo kinini cyo kwaguka, guhumeka bihagije nuburyo bukomeye bwo kwirinda guhumeka.

• Ikirere gikurikirana ikirere: Ibyuma bya Oxygene depletion bigomba gushyirwaho ahantu hose amazi abikwa cyangwa akoreshwa. Izi sensor zigomba gukurura impuruza ziboneka kandi zumvikana niba urugero rwa ogisijeni igabanutse munsi ya 19.5%.

• Guhumeka ku gahato: Ahantu hafungiwe, sisitemu yo guhumeka ishoboye gusimbuza byihuse amajwi arakenewe. Izi sisitemu zigomba gukora mu buryo bwikora zifatanije na signal ya ogisijeni.

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Amahame yo Kubika Amazi ya Argon

Ubunyangamugayo bwa Sisitemu yo Kubika Amazi ya Argon ni ingenzi kumutekano no kubungabunga urwego rwohejuru rusabwa nibikorwa byinshi byinganda. Ibikorwa remezo byububiko bigomba kuba byateguwe kugirango bikemure ubukonje bukabije, kugabanya ibicanwa, no gucunga neza igitutu.

Igishushanyo mbonera cya Cryogenic

Ibigega byo kubika inganda kumazi ya kirogenike ni ibice byubwubatsi. Nubusanzwe ni flasque nini ya vacuum yagenewe kugabanya ihererekanyabubasha.

• Ubwubatsi bubiri bubiri: Ibigega bigizwe nubwato bwimbere (mubusanzwe bwubatswe mubyuma bidafite ingese cyangwa aluminiyumu ishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwa kirogenike) hamwe nubwato bwo hanze (mubisanzwe ibyuma bya karubone).

• Gukingira Vacuum: Umwanya wa buri mwaka hagati yimitsi yimbere ninyuma yuzuyemo ibintu byikingira (nka perlite) hanyuma bimurirwa mu cyuho kinini. Igishushanyo kigabanya guhererekanya ubushyuhe no kuyobora.

• Inzego zunganira: Ubwato bwimbere bugomba gushyigikirwa nuburyo bugabanya no guhererekanya ubushyuhe buturutse hanze.

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Uburyo bwo gucunga igitutu hamwe na sisitemu yo gutabara

Ndetse hamwe nubushakashatsi bwiza, ubushyuhe bumwe buzajya mu kigega, bigatuma igice cyamazi kibira gaze. Iyi nzira karemano yongerera umuvuduko muri tank.

• Imyitozo yo Korohereza Imyuka (PRVs): Ibigega bigomba kuba bifite PRVs yibanze nayisumbuye. Iyi mibiri yashizweho kugirango ifungure mu buryo bwikora niba umuvuduko wimbere urenze tank ya Maximum Yemerewe Gukora (MAWP).

• Disiki ya Rupture: Nka kunanirwa-umutekano, disiki yamenetse akenshi iba ishyizwe hamwe na PRVs. Niba PRV zananiwe kandi igitutu gikomeje kwiyongera, disiki izaturika, ihumeka gaze neza kandi ikingire ikigega cyananiranye.

• Inzira yo Kugurisha: Gusohoka muri PRVs no kumeneka bigomba gutwarwa ahantu hizewe, hahumeka neza kugirango hanze kugirango ogisijeni igabanuka.

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Kubungabunga Isuku Mugihe cyo Kubika

Kubisabwa nko gukora semiconductor cyangwa analytike ya sprometrike, ubuziranenge bwa gaze nibyingenzi nkibihari. Kwanduza birashobora kwangiza ibyiciro no kwangiza ibikoresho byoroshye.

• Sisitemu Yeguriwe: Ububiko bwa Argon sisitemu igomba kuba nziza kuri iyo gaze yonyine kugirango ikumire kwanduzanya.

• Akayunguruzo: Mu murongo wo gushungura no kuyungurura bigomba gushyirwaho kumurongo wo kubikuramo kugirango gaze igere aho isaba yujuje ibisabwa.

• Kubungabunga buri gihe: Kugenzura buri gihe no gufata neza uburyo bwo kubika ibyuka no kuvoma imiyoboro birinda imyanda ishobora gukurura umwuka w’ibidukikije hamwe n’ubushuhe, bikabangamira ubuziranenge.

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Igishushanyo mbonera n’ibikorwa Remezo

Kwinjiza sisitemu ya cryogenic mubikorwa byinganda bisaba igenamigambi ryitondewe nibikorwa remezo byihariye.

Imbonerahamwe: Ibikoresho bisabwa muri serivisi ya Cryogenic

Guhitamo imiyoboro hamwe na Valve

• Umuyoboro wa Vacuum-Ikoti (VJP): Kugirango bikore neza kandi bitetse mugihe cyo gutwara ibintu, VJP irasabwa. Kimwe n'ibigega byo kubikamo, iyi miyoboro ifite urukuta rw'imbere n'inyuma rufite umwanya wa vacuum hagati yabo.

• Indangagaciro za Cryogenic: Indangagaciro zisanzwe zizananirwa kuri -185 ° C. Indangagaciro zigomba kwerekana bonneti yagutse. Bonnet yaguye ituma gupakira valve (kashe ikikije uruti) kure yubukonje bukabije, bikarinda kashe gukonja no kunanirwa.

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Ikibanza Ikibanza no Kugera

• Ibyifuzo byo hanze: Igihe cyose bishoboka, ibigega byinshi bibikwa bigomba kuba hanze kugirango bisanzwe bigabanye ingaruka zo kwimuka kwa ogisijeni mugihe habaye kumeneka cyangwa guhumeka.

• Umutekano: Ahantu ho guhunika hagomba kuba harinzwe kurinda uburenganzira butemewe.

• Bollard no Kurinda: Ibigega hamwe nu muyoboro ugaragara bigomba kurindwa ingaruka z’ibinyabiziga na bollard ikomeye cyangwa inzitizi zo guhanuka.

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Amasezerano yo gutabara byihutirwa

Nubwo gukurikiza byimazeyo imikorere myiza, ibintu byihutirwa birashobora kubaho. Gahunda isobanuwe neza kandi yitojwe gahunda yo gutabara byihutirwa ni ngombwa.

Guhangana no Kumeneka no Kumeneka

1. Kwimuka: Icyihutirwa cyambere nukwimura abakozi bava mukarere kibasiwe, cyane cyane ahantu hakeye aho gaze ikonje ishobora gukusanyirizwa.

2. Kwigunga: Niba bishobora gukorwa neza nta nkurikizi zugarije, funga inkomoko yamenetse ukoresheje ububiko bwihutirwa.

3. Ventilate: Koresha umwuka mwinshi. Ntugerageze gusukura isuka; amazi azahinduka vuba.

4. Gucunga ibicu: Kumeneka kwinshi bizatera igihu cyinshi cyubushuhe buturutse mu kirere. Iki gihu kigabanya kugaragara kuri zeru kandi cyerekana ahantu hakonje cyane kandi hashobora kubura ogisijeni. Irinde kwinjira mu gihu.

Imfashanyo Yambere yo Kumenyekanisha

• Guhuza uruhu: Ntugasibe ahantu hafashwe. Koza amazi menshi y'akazuyazi (ntabwo ashyushye). Shakisha ubuvuzi bwihuse. Ntugerageze gukuramo imyenda yakonje kuruhu; banza usukemo amazi.

• Guhuza amaso: Koza amaso n'amazi y'akazuyazi byibuze iminota 15 hanyuma ushakishe ubuvuzi bwihutirwa.

• Guhishurwa: Niba umuntu ananiwe no kubura ogisijeni, iyimure mu kirere cyiza ako kanya. Administer CPR niba badahumeka bagashaka ubufasha bwihutirwa. Inkeragutabara zigomba gukoresha ibikoresho byo guhumeka byonyine (SCBA) mbere yo kwinjira mu kirere kibura ogisijeni.

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Kubahiriza amabwiriza n'amahugurwa

Kugenda ahantu nyaburanga ni ngombwa mubikorwa byemewe n'amategeko no gucunga inshingano.

• Ibipimo bya OSHA na CGA: Muri Amerika, gukurikiza amabwiriza y’umutekano w’ubuzima n’ubuzima (OSHA) n’amabwiriza yatangajwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’imyuka ya gazi (CGA) - nka CGA P-1 (Gucunga neza imyuka ihumanye mu bikoresho) na CGA P-12 (Gukoresha neza Amazi ya Cryogenic) - ni itegeko. Inzego zishinzwe kugenzura zibaho kwisi yose.

• Amahugurwa ahoraho: Umutekano ntabwo ari ikintu kimwe. Abakozi bose bagize uruhare mubikorwa, kubungabunga, cyangwa kugenzura sisitemu ya cryogenic bagomba guhugurwa mumahugurwa asanzwe, yanditse. Aya mahugurwa agomba kumenya kumenya ibyago, imikoreshereze ya PPE, uburyo busanzwe bwo gukora, hamwe nubutabazi bwihutirwa.

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Umwanzuro

Imikoreshereze ya gaze ya kirogenic nziza ni ishingiro ryibikorwa bigezweho. Nyamara, inyungu zayo zishobora kugaragara gusa mugihe ingaruka zavutse zicungwa neza. Mugusobanukirwa imitungo ifatika, gushyira mubikorwa ibikorwa remezo bikomeye, gukoresha ibikoresho bikwiye, no gutsimbataza umuco wamahugurwa akomeye yumutekano, inganda zinganda zirashobora kwemeza neza ibyo zitanga ndetse numutekano wuzuye w'abakozi babo. Imikorere myiza yavuzwe hano ikora nk'urwego rwo gucunga neza inshingano, kwemeza ko ibikorwa bikomeza gukora neza, byubahiriza, n'umutekano.

Ibibazo

Ikibazo1: Ni ukubera iki ubwoko bwihariye bwa valve hamwe na "bonne yagutse" ikenewe kuri sisitemu zo gutabaza?

Igisubizo. Umuyoboro mugari wa bonnet wimura glande yapakiye kure yamazi ya cryogenic atembera mumubiri wa valve. Iyi ntera ituma umwuka w’ibidukikije ugumana ubushyuhe buhagije kugira ngo ukomeze guhinduka kandi ugumane kashe ikomeye, birinda gutemba.

Q2: Niba impuruza ya ogisijeni yumvikanye mububiko, nikihe gikorwa gisabwa ako kanya?

Igisubizo: Intambwe yambere yuzuye nukwimura ako kanya abakozi bose. Ntugerageze gukora iperereza ku nkomoko y'impuruza idafite ibikoresho byihariye byo guhumeka. Agace kamaze gutunganywa, gusa abatabazi byihutirwa bafite ibikoresho byo guhumeka byonyine (SCBA) bagomba kwinjira mumwanya kugirango bamenye kandi bagabanye imyanda, mugihe hagaragaye uburyo bwo guhumeka neza kugirango bakwirakwize umwuka wimuwe.

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Igisubizo. Ku bushyuhe bukabije bwa kirogenike, ubuhehere bw’ibidukikije burashobora kwiyongera no gukonjesha mu buryo busanzwe, bikangiza imikorere yabyo. VJP ikoresha kubaka inkuta ebyiri zifite icyuho kinini hagati yumuyoboro wimbere na jacket yo hanze. Kuberako icyuho kirimo molekile hafi ya zose zitwara ubushyuhe, birakora cyane mugukumira ibibyimba no gukomeza ibintu byamazi mugihe cyoherezwa mubikorwa byinganda.