Zaɓin iskar gas ɗin masana'antu daidai ba batun ɗaukar silinda ba ne kawai; yanke shawara ne mai mahimmanci wanda ke tasiri inganci, inganci, da amincin walda da ayyukan yanke ku. Gas ɗin kariya da ya dace yana kare narkakken tafkin walda daga gurɓataccen yanayi, yayin da yankan iskar gas ɗin daidai yana tabbatar da tsaftataccen yanke. Wannan cikakken jagorar zai bi ku ta hanyar mahimman abubuwan da za ku yi la'akari yayin zabar iskar gas na masana'antu, yana tabbatar da samun sakamako mafi kyau don takamaiman aikace-aikacenku.

Fahimtar Gas ɗin Garkuwa don Welding

Gas ɗin garkuwa suna da mahimmanci a cikin matakai kamar Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW/MIG) da Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW/TIG). Babban aikin su shine su kawar da iskar gas - da farko oxygen da nitrogen - daga yankin weld. Idan waɗannan iskar gas na yanayi sun shiga cikin narkakken tafkin walda, za su iya haifar da porosity (ramuka a cikin walda), gatsewa, da rashin kyawun yanayin walda.

Zaɓin garkuwar iskar gas yana tasiri da yawa mahimman abubuwan tsarin walda:

• Arc Stability: Wasu iskar gas suna haɓaka santsi, tsayayyen baka, rage spatter da sauƙaƙe tsarin sarrafawa.

• Shigar Weld: Abun da ke tattare da iskar gas yana rinjayar yadda zafi mai zurfi ya shiga cikin karfen tushe, yana rinjayar ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa.

• Bayanin Weld: Siffar ƙwanƙwasa walda (misali, lebur, maɗaukaki, ko maɗaukaki) an ƙayyadadden ɗan lokaci ne ta iskar gas ɗin kariya.

• Kayayyakin Injini: Gas na iya rinjayar ƙarfin ƙarshe, ductility, da juriya na lalata ƙarfe na walda.

• Matsayin Spatter: Wasu gaurayawar iskar gas suna rage yawan zubewa, suna rage lokacin tsaftacewa bayan walda.

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Gas ɗin Masana'antu na yau da kullun da ake amfani da su a cikin walda

Mafi yawan iskar gas masana'antu don walda ya faɗi cikin ƴan firamare kaɗan, kowanne yana ba da halaye daban-daban.

Argon (Ar)

Argon shine aikin garkuwar iskar gas. Gas ne da ba ya aiki, ma'ana ba ya amsa sinadarai da narkakkar karfe.

• Aikace-aikace: Argon shine daidaitaccen zaɓi don waldawar GTAW (TIG) na yawancin karafa, musamman aluminum, magnesium, da titanium. Yana ba da kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali na baka da bayyanar weld mai tsabta.

• Halaye: Yana samar da kunkuntar bayanan shiga mai zurfi. Saboda yana da nauyi fiye da iska, yana ba da kyakkyawar ɗaukar hoto akan tafkin walda, musamman a cikin wuraren walda.

Helium (shi)

Helium wani iskar iskar gas ne, amma yana da hali daban da argon.

• Aikace-aikace: Ana amfani dashi sau da yawa a hade tare da argon don walda kayan da suka fi kauri ko karafa tare da babban yanayin zafi, kamar aluminum da jan karfe.

• Halaye: Helium yana samar da baka mai zafi fiye da argon, yana haifar da faɗaɗa, zurfin shiga da saurin tafiya. Duk da haka, yana da sauƙi fiye da iska, yana buƙatar ƙarin ƙimar kwarara don kiyaye isasshen garkuwa, kuma yana iya sa baka fara da wahala.

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

Ba kamar argon da helium ba, carbon dioxide iskar gas ce mai amsawa. Karkashin tsananin zafi na baka na walda, yakan rushe zuwa carbon monoxide da oxygen.

• Aikace-aikace: CO2 ana amfani da shi sosai don waldar GMAW (MIG) na ƙarfe na carbon. Yawancin lokaci shine zaɓi mafi tattalin arziki.

• Halaye: Yana ba da shiga mai zurfi amma yana ƙoƙarin samar da ƙarancin tsayayyen baka kuma ya fi ɗimbin yawa fiye da inert gas ko gaurayawan argon. Sakamakon bayanin martabar walda sau da yawa yakan fi faɗi kuma yana ɗan ƙara oxidized.

Oxygen (O2)

Oxygen yana aiki sosai kuma ba a taɓa amfani dashi azaman iskar kariya ta farko da kanta ba.

• Aikace-aikace: Ana ƙara ƙaramin iskar oxygen (yawanci 1-5%) sau da yawa a cikin argon don walda carbon da ƙananan ƙarfe, kuma wani lokacin bakin karfe.

• Halaye: Oxygen yana inganta kwanciyar hankali na baka, yana rage tashin hankali saman narkakkar karfe (ba shi damar fita cikin kwanciyar hankali), kuma yana iya haɓaka shigar azzakari cikin wasu aikace-aikace.

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Zaɓin Gases don Takamaiman Tsarukan Welding

Mafi kyawun zaɓin iskar gas ya dogara sosai akan tsarin walda da kayan tushe.

Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW / MIG)

MIG waldi ya dogara kacokan akan gaurayawan gas wanda aka keɓance da takamaiman ƙarfe.

• Karfe Karfe:

  • 100% CO2: Zaɓin mafi kyawun farashi, yana ba da shiga mai zurfi amma mafi girma spatter. Yayi kyau ga kayan kauri.

  • Haɗin Argon/CO2 (misali, 75% Ar / 25% CO2 ko “C25”): Mafi yawan zaɓi don ƙirƙira gabaɗaya. Suna samar da ma'auni mai kyau na kwanciyar hankali, ƙananan spatter fiye da CO2 mai tsabta, da kuma kyakkyawan bayyanar walda. Ana amfani da ƙananan kashi 2 na CO2 (misali, 5-15%) don kayan sirara ko waldawar MIG.

  • Haɗin Argon/Oxygen (misali, 95% Ar / 5% O2): An yi amfani da shi don fesa canja wurin walda na carbon karfe, samar da wani ruwa waldi pool da zurfin shigar azzakari cikin farji.

• Bakin Karfe:

  • Argon/CO2 (misali, 98% Ar / 2% CO2): Zaɓin gama gari, amma abun ciki na CO2 dole ne a kiyaye ƙasa don rage ɗaukar carbon, wanda zai iya rage juriyar lalata.

  • Tri-Mixes (Argon/ Helium/CO2): Sau da yawa ana amfani da shi don gajeriyar walda ta bakin karfe na bakin ciki, yana ba da kyawawan halaye na baka da rage murdiya.

• Aluminum:

  • 100% Argon: Madaidaicin zaɓi don yawancin walda na MIG na aluminium har zuwa kusan 1/2 inch lokacin farin ciki.

  • Haɗin Argon/ Helium (misali, 50% Ar / 50% Shi ko 25% Ar / 75% Shi): Ana amfani da shi don mafi girman sassan aluminum don ƙara shigar da zafi da shiga.

Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW / TIG)

Weld ɗin TIG gabaɗaya yana buƙatar iskar gas don kare lantarki na tungsten mara amfani da tafkin walda.

• Duk Karfe (sai dai yanki mai kauri): 100% Argon shine zaɓi na duniya, yana samar da kyakkyawan farawa, kwanciyar hankali, da aikin tsaftacewa (musamman mahimmanci ga aluminum).

• Aluminum ko Copper: Abubuwan haɗin Argon / Helium (sau da yawa 50/50 ko 75/25 Helium / Argon) ana amfani da su don haɓaka ƙarfin ƙarfin baka da shigarwar zafi, ba da izinin shiga zurfi da saurin tafiye-tafiye akan kayan sarrafawa sosai.

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Zabar Gases don Yanke Tsari

Yanke hanyoyin suna buƙatar iskar gas don ko dai ƙona wuta, kora narkakken ƙarfe, ko duka biyun.

Yankan Oxy-Fuel

Wannan tsari yana amfani da iskar gas ɗin da aka haɗe da iskar oxygen mai tsafta don dumama karfen zuwa zafin wutar da yake kunnawa, sannan a yi amfani da magudanar iskar iskar oxygen da sauri don ƙonewa da busa ƙarfen. Zaɓin gas ɗin mai yana tasiri sosai ga yanke saurin da inganci.

• Acetylene: Yana samar da mafi girman zafin wuta na kowane iskar gas na gama gari, yana ba da izinin lokutan zafi mafi sauri. Yana da kyau ga beveling da huda amma yana buƙatar kulawa da hankali saboda rashin kwanciyar hankali a babban matsi.

• Propane: Zaɓin mai matukar tattalin arziki, ana amfani da shi sosai don yankan gabaɗaya da dumama. Yana da ƙarancin zafin wuta fiye da acetylene, yana haifar da ɗan gajeren lokacin zafi, amma yana da aminci don adanawa da jigilar kaya.

• Propylene: Yana ba da zafin wuta tsakanin propane da acetylene. Yana ba da lokutan zafi mai sauri fiye da propane kuma galibi ana fifita shi don aikace-aikacen yankan nauyi.

• Iskar Gas: Sau da yawa zaɓi mafi inganci idan aka buɗa kai tsaye cikin wurin. Yana da ƙananan zafin jiki na harshen wuta, yana sa ya fi dacewa da mafi ƙarancin kayan aiki ko aikace-aikace inda lokacin zafin jiki ba abu ne mai mahimmanci ba.

Plasma Arc Yanke

Yanke Plasma yana amfani da jet mai saurin gaske na iskar gas (plasma) don narke da yanke ƙarfe.

• Iska (Tsarin iska): Mafi na kowa da kuma tattalin arziki zabi ga general-manufa yankan carbon karfe, bakin karfe, da aluminum. Yana buƙatar samar da iska mai tsafta, busasshiya, mara mai.

• Nitrogen: Sau da yawa ana amfani da shi don yankan bakin karfe da aluminum, yayin da yake samar da mafi tsabta mai tsabta tare da ƙarancin iskar shaka idan aka kwatanta da iska mai iska. Hakanan ana yawan amfani dashi azaman iskar gas na biyu (garkuwa) a cikin tsarin gas biyu.

• Oxygen: Yana ba da saurin yanke mafi sauri da mafi tsabta gefuna akan ƙarfe na carbon, amma ba a ba da shawarar ga bakin karfe ko aluminum ba.

• Haɗin Argon/Hydrogen (misali, H35 – 65% Ar / 35% H2): Ana amfani dashi don yankan bakin karfe da aluminum mai kauri sosai. Hydrogen yana ba da canjin zafi mai girma, yana haifar da kyakkyawan yanke ingancin da sauri da sauri akan abubuwa masu wahala.

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Gas Zabin Takaitaccen Matrix

Don sauƙaƙe tsarin zaɓi, koma zuwa wannan jagorar mai sauri:

La'akarin inganci da Tsafta

Tsaftar iskar gas ɗin masana'antar ku shine mafi mahimmanci. Masu gurɓatawa kamar danshi, oxygen (a cikin aikace-aikacen iskar gas), ko hydrocarbons na iya lalata ingancin walda, haifar da porosity, raguwa, da rashin kyau.

• Gas ɗin Welding: Koyaushe tabbatar da cewa kuna amfani da iskar gas ɗin da aka ƙware azaman “makin walda,” waɗanda galibi suna da matakan tsafta (misali, 99.99% ko sama don argon).

• Silinda yana kulawa: Ajiye da kyau da kuma kula da silinda suna da mahimmanci don kiyaye tsabtar gas. Rike bawuloli a rufe lokacin da ba a amfani da su kuma kauce wa fallasa silinda zuwa matsanancin yanayin zafi.

• Tsarin Bayarwa: Tabbatar cewa masu sarrafa ku, hoses, da na'urori masu motsi suna da tsabta, ba su da ruwa, kuma an tsara su don takamaiman gas ɗin da ake amfani da su.

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Ƙarshe

Zabi da dama gas masana'antu don walda da yankan wani muhimmin mataki ne na samun babban inganci, inganci, da sakamako mai tsada. Ta hanyar fahimtar kaddarorin iskar kariya daban-daban da yanke iskar gas, da daidaita su zuwa takamaiman matakai da kayan aikinku, zaku iya inganta ayyukanku da tabbatar da amincin aikinku. Kada ku yi jinkirin tuntuɓar mai samar da iskar gas ɗinku ko masana'antun kayan walda don shawarwarin da aka keɓance dangane da buƙatunku na musamman.