IShift ukuya kwiCryogenic State: I-Advanteji yoNikezo lwaManzi

Ngelixa igesi ye-argon iyi-ejenti yokukhusela esebenzayo, indlela yokuhanjiswa nokugcinwa kwayo idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwezoshishino kunye nokulawula ukucoceka. Kwizicelo ezininzi eziphezulu okanye ezicocekileyo, ukubonelela nge-argon kwiisilinda zegesi akunakwenzeka. Oku kusizisa kukubaluleka kwemeko yolwelo.

UFanelo kuGcino noThutho

Iigesi zithatha indawo enkulu. Ukuzicinezela kwiisilinda yinto eqhelekileyo, kodwa nangona uxinzelelo oluphezulu, umthamo wegesi oqulethwe uncinci. Umlinganiselo wokwandiswa kwe-argon ukusuka kwi-liquid ukuya kwi-gesi iyamangalisa i-1 ukuya kwi-840.

Oku kuthetha ukuba umthamo omnye wolwelo uyanda ukuya kwimithamo engama-840 yegesi kubushushu obuqhelekileyo kunye noxinzelelo.

Ngokugcina kunye nokuthutha i-elementi kwimeko yayo yolwelo lwe-cryogenic kumaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwe -185.8 ° C (-302.4 ° F), ubuninzi obuninzi bunokulawulwa ngokufanelekileyo. Itanki enye yolwelo isambuku inokutshintsha amakhulu eesilinda zegesi ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu, inciphisa ngokubonakalayo izinto ezintsonkothileyo, ukuhanjiswa kwamaza, kunye nokusebenza okuhambelana nokuphatha iisilinda.

Ukubaluleka Kobunyulu

Olona ncedo lubalulekileyo lokusebenzisa inkqubo yonikezelo ngolwelo kwizicelo ezinovakalelo kukwandiswa okungokwemvelo kobunyulu.

Xa uvelisa igesi ecocekileyo, umthombo wolwelo usebenza njengesicoci sendalo. Inkqubo ye-fractional distillation esetyenziselwa ukwahlula umoya kwiigesi zecandelo layo ngokwendalo ivelisa iimveliso zolwelo ezisulungekileyo. Ngaphaya koko, ukutsalwa okuqhubekayo ukusuka kwitanki yolwelo nge-vaporizer kuthintela imiba yongcoliseko eqhelekileyo enxulumene nokutshintshiselana ngeesilinda zerhasi, ezinjengokwazisa ukufuma kwe-atmospheri okanye ukungcola ngexesha loqhagamshelo kunye nokuqhawulwa.

Kumashishini afunayo High-Purity Welding, i-argon yomgangatho we-industrial-grade idla ngokungonelanga. Ezi zicelo zifuna "i-Ultra-High Purity" (UHP) i-argon, ngokuqhelekileyo iqhayisa amanqanaba okucoceka kwe-99.999% (ehlala ibizwa ngokuba yi "five nines") okanye ngaphezulu. Ukungcola komkhondo (ioksijini, ukufuma, iihydrocarbons zizonke) kufuneka zigcinwe kwiindawo ngesigidi (ppm) okanye iinxalenye ngebhiliyoni (ppb) kumgangatho. Ukugcina eli nqanaba lococeko ukusuka kwishishini lemveliso ukuya kwitotshi yokuwelda kulawuleka ngakumbi kwaye kuthembekile xa kusetyenziswa ulwelo lwe-cryogenic.

Izicelo eziBalulekileyo: Apho ubunyulu bungenakuxoxisana

Ukusetyenziswa kwesi sikhuselo se-ultra-pure, vaporized asiyiyo yonke indawo; yimfuneko ekhethekileyo kumacandelo apho ukusilela kwe-weld kuyintlekele, ngokokhuseleko, ilahleko yemali, okanye ukungcoliseka kwemveliso.

1. I-Aerospace kunye ne-Aviation

Ishishini le-aerospace lisebenza kumda owophayo wesayensi yezinto. Iinqwelomoya kunye neziphekepheke zisebenzisa i-alloys zangaphandle-ezinje nge-titanium, i-Inconel, kunye namabanga akhethekileyo e-aluminiyam-ukwandisa umlinganiselo wamandla ukuya kubunzima kunye nokumelana neemeko zokusebenza ezigqithisileyo.

I-Titanium, ngakumbi, idume ngokusebenza. Nokuba umlinganiselo omncinci wongcoliseko lweoksijini okanye initrogen ngexesha lewelding iya kukhokelela kwi-embrittlement, edla ngokuchongwa ngokujika kombala oluhlaza okanye otyheli (okwaziwa ngokuba “yi-alpha case”). Ukuwelda ngempumelelo amacandelo e-titanium, afana neenkqubo zokukhupha i-injini okanye iifreyimu zesakhiwo, ivacuum epheleleyo okanye i-argon purge esulungekileyo iyanyanzeleka.

2. Ukwenziwa kweSemiconductor

Ukwenziwa kwee-microchips kufuna ukuba iindawo ezisingqongileyo zicoceke kunegumbi lokusebenza esibhedlele. Iinkqubo zombhobho ezihambisa iigesi zenkqubo yokucoca okuphezulu kakhulu kwizixhobo zokwenza izinto kufuneka zingabinasiphako. Nakuphi na ukungafezeki kwe-weld yangaphakathi, okufana nemingxuma emikroskopu okanye isiqwenga se-oxidation (i-rouge), inokugcina ungcoliseko okanye ikhuphe amasuntswana anokutshabalalisa i-microscopic circuitry eyenziwayo.

Kweli shishini, i-orbital welding isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo. Le nkqubo ezenzekelayo ixhomekeke kakhulu kwi-argon ye-UHP ukuze ihlambulule zombini ngaphandle kunye nangaphakathi kweetyhubhu ezidityanisiweyo, ziqinisekisa ngokugqibeleleyo, umgangatho wangaphakathi ongenakulinganiswa ongayi kuphazamisa inkqubo yokwenziwa kwe-semiconductor.

3. I-Biopharmaceuticals kunye noKutya / isiselo

Ngokufana nokuveliswa kwe-semiconductor, amashishini amayeza kunye nokulungiswa kokutya abeka phambili ucoceko kunye nobunyumba. Iinkqubo zemibhobho yensimbi engenasici kunye neenqanawa ezisetyenziselwa ukuxuba kunye nokuthutha izithako ezisebenzayo okanye iimveliso zokutya kufuneka zicoceke ngokulula kwaye zibulaleke.

Ukuba i-weld ayigudi ngokugqibeleleyo kwaye ayinayo i-oxidation ngenxa yokungakhuseli ngokwaneleyo, idala indawo yokuhlala encinci yebhaktiriya kunye ne-biofilms ukuba ziphuhlise. Ezi "bug trap" azinakupheliswa ngeenkqubo eziqhelekileyo zokucoca kwindawo (CIP), ekhokelela ekungcolisekeni okukhulu kwemveliso. I-argon yococeko oluphezulu iqinisekisa ukuba i-welds igcina ukuxhathisa okufanayo kunye nokugqitywa kwendawo egudileyo njengesiseko sensimbi engenasici.

4. Ishishini leNyukliya

Iimfuno zecandelo lenyukliya ziyabonakala. Amalungu asetyenziswa kwii-reactors kunye ne-containment systems zixhomekeke kwi-radiation ebukhali, ubushushu, kunye noxinzelelo kumashumi eminyaka yenkonzo. Ubume bobume bezi weld kufuneka bube buphelele. Imigaqo engqongqo yoqinisekiso lomgangatho ekuyilweni kwenyukliya igunyazisa ukusetyenziswa kwezona zinto zisetyenziswayo zomgangatho ophezulu kunye nezenzo zokukhusela ukuthintela nakuphi na ukusilela okanye ukuvuza okunokwenzeka.

Ubuchwephesha boKhuselo olusebenzayo

Ukuba nerhasi yococeko oluphezulu ekhoyo akwanelanga; kufuneka isetyenziswe ngokuchanekileyo ukwenza ikhaka elisebenzayo. Inkqubo yokuhanjiswa kunye nobuchule obusetyenzisiweyo zizinto ezibalulekileyo zenkqubo ye-welding.

Ireyithi yokuHamba kunye nokuFumana

Isantya sokuhamba kwerhasi sisenzo esibuthathaka sokulinganisa.

• Phantsi kakhulu: Irhasi ayiyi kushenxisa umoya we-atmospheric ngokufanelekileyo, ekhokelela ekungcolisekeni kunye ne-porosity.

• 
  

• Iphezulu kakhulu: Izinga lokuhamba okugqithisileyo linokubangela isiphithiphithi, ngokwenene ukutsala umoya ojikeleze kwindawo ye-weld ngesiphumo se-Venturi, ukoyisa injongo yekhaka.

• 
  

Amazinga okuqukuqela afanelekileyo axhomekeke kubukhulu bombhobho, inkqubo yokuwelda, uyilo oludityanisiweyo, kunye neemeko ze-ambient (ezifana neidrafti kwindawo yokusebenza). Iiwelders zisebenzisa iimitha zokuhamba kwegesi ukulungelelanisa ngokuchanekileyo ukuhanjiswa.

Iilensi zegesi

Ukuphucula ukhuseleko kunye nokunciphisa isiphithiphithi, izixhobo zetotshi ezikhethekileyo ezibizwa ngokuba ziilensi zegesi zihlala zisetyenziswa, ngakumbi kwi-TIG welding. Ilensi yegesi iqulathe umaleko ocolekileyo womnatha wentsimbi engatyiwayo osebenza njengesixhobo sokuhambisa amanzi. Esikhundleni sombhobho ophazamisayo wegesi ophuma emlonyeni, i-lens yegesi ivelisa ukuhamba okugudileyo, okuhambelanayo, kunye ne-laminar. Le kholamu ye-laminar iqhubela phambili ukusuka kwi-nozzle, inika ukhuseleko oluphezulu kwaye ivumela i-welder ukuba yandise i-electrode ye-tungsten ngakumbi ukuze ibonakale ngcono kumalungu aqinile.

Ukucoca: Ukukhusela ingcambu

Ngelixa itotshi ikhusela umphezulu we-weld, icala elingasemva (okanye "ingcambu") yomdibaniso kufuneka liqwalaselwe, ngakumbi xa i-welding imibhobho okanye iinqanawa ezivaliweyo. Ukuba umva we-weld ubhengezwe emoyeni ngelixa unyibilikisiwe, uya kuba neoksijini kakhulu, yenze isiphene esaziwa ngokuba yi "sugaring."

Ukuthintela oku, umthamo wangaphakathi wombhobho okanye isitya siphuphuma ngegesi ye-inert ngaphambi nangexesha lenkqubo ye-welding. Obu buchwephesha, okwaziwa njengokuhlanjululwa ngasemva, buyimfuneko kwizicelo zococeko oluphezulu. Kwiinsimbi ezinqabileyo ezingenasici okanye i-titanium pipe welds, i-gas yokucoca yangaphakathi isoloko ibekwe iliso kunye ne-oxygen analyzer ukuqinisekisa ukuba amanqanaba e-oksijeni aye awela kumanqanaba amkelekileyo e-ppm ngaphambi kokuba i-arc ibethe.

Iigesi ezixubeneyo: Ukuthunga iKhaka

Nangona i-argon ecocekileyo ingumgangatho we-TIG welding ye-metal non-ferrous kunye nokuhlanjululwa, ngamanye amaxesha idityaniswe nezinye iigesi zokwandisa iimpawu ze-arc kwizicelo ezithile, ngokukodwa kwi-MIG welding.

• IArgon/Helium Blends: I-Helium, enye igesi ehloniphekileyo, inamandla aphezulu e-ionization kunye ne-thermal conductivity ephezulu kune-argon. Ukongeza i-helium kumxube kwandisa igalelo lokushisa kwe-arc, okukhokelela ekungeneni okunzulu kunye nesantya sokuhamba ngokukhawuleza. Oku kuhlala kusetyenziselwa ukuwelda i-aluminiyam engqingqwa okanye amacandelo obhedu.

• IArgon/CO2 Blends: Kwi-MIG welding ye-carbon steel, i-argon ecocekileyo ivame ukuvelisa iphrofayili yokungena emxinwa, efana neminwe kunye ne-arc ephosakeleyo. Ukongeza ipesenti encinci yeCarbon Dioxide (ngokuqhelekileyo i-5% ukuya kwi-25%) izinza i-arc, iphucula i-weld pool fluidity, kwaye yandisa iprofayili yokungena.

• IArgon/Oxygen Blends: Ukongezwa okuncinci kakhulu kwe-oksijeni (i-1% ukuya kwi-2%) ingasetyenziselwa kwi-MIG ye-welding yensimbi engenasici ukuzinzisa i-arc kunye nokuphucula isenzo sokumanzisa kwi-pool ye-weld ngaphandle kokubangela i-oxidation ebalulekileyo.

• Imixube yeArgon/Hydrogen: Kwizicelo ezikhethekileyo ze-TIG ze-welding, ezifana ne-automated welding of austenitic stainless steel tubing, ipesenti encinci ye-hydrogen (2% ukuya kwi-5%) inokongezwa. I-Hydrogen isebenza njenge-arhente yokunciphisa, inceda ukukhupha umkhondo we-oksijini kwaye ivelise i-welds ecocekileyo, eqaqambileyo kunye negalelo lobushushu elinyuka kancinane.

• 
  

Nakule mixube ikhethekileyo, i-argon ihlala ililungu lesiseko, ibonelela ngekhuselo eliphambili le-inert ngelixa igesi eyongezelelweyo ilungisa iipropathi ezibonakalayo ze-arc.

Iingqwalasela zokusiNgqongileyo noKhuseleko

Njengegesi ye-inert, i-argon ayinayo ityhefu, inokutsha, okanye i-corrosion. Ukusuka kwimbono yokusingqongileyo, ayinagalelo ekubunjweni komsi okanye ukuchithwa kwe-ozone. Ibolekwa nje kwiatmosfera ize ekugqibeleni ibuyele kuyo.

Nangona kunjalo, iiprothokholi zokhuseleko kufuneka zithotyelwe ngokungqongqo, ngokukodwa malunga nokuphefumla.

Ingozi yokuphefumla

Ngenxa yokuba inzima kunomoya, le gesi inokuqokelelana kwiindawo ezisezantsi, emingxunyeni, emiseleni, okanye kwiindawo ezivaliweyo (ezifana nangaphakathi kwinqanawa enkulu ecocwayo). Isusa ioksijini. Kuba ingenambala kwaye ingenavumba, umsebenzi ongena kwindawo eneoksijini enqongopheleyo akayi kuqonda ukuba usengozini de angakwazi ukusebenza.

Iinkqubo ezingqongqo zokungena kwendawo, ukungena komoya okuqhubekayo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweemonitha ze-oksijini zomntu kunyanzelekile xa usebenza ngemithamo emikhulu yeegesi ezingenayo kwiindawo ezivaliweyo.

Iingozi zeCryogenic

Xa ujongene nenkqubo yokubonelela ngolwelo, kukho iingozi ezithile ezinxulumene nokubanda okukhulu. Ukuqhagamshelana nolwelo lwe-cryogenic okanye imibhobho engaxutywanga kunokubangela i-frostbite. Izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zoKhuseleko loMntu (PPE), kubandakanywa iiglavu ezikhalayo kunye nezikhuseli zobuso, kufuneka zinxitywe xa kusenziwa iivalvu okanye imibhobho yokudibanisa kwiidewars zolwelo okanye iitanki ezininzi.

Ukongeza, umlinganiselo omkhulu wokwandisa okhankanywe ngaphambili uthetha ukuba ukuba ulwelo luvaleleke kwicandelo lombhobho phakathi kweevalvu ezimbini ezivaliweyo ngaphandle kwezixhobo zokunceda uxinzelelo, njengoko lufudumala kwaye lube ngumphunga, uxinzelelo olusisiphumo lunokubangela ukusilela okuyintlekele kwenkqubo yemibhobho.

Ikamva Lokwenziwa Kobunyulu obuPhezulu

Njengoko itekhnoloji ihambela phambili, izinto esizisebenzisayo ziya zintsokotha ngakumbi, kwaye ukunyamezela ukungaphumeleli kuyancipha ukuya ku-zero. Imfuno yeenkqubo zokuvelisa ezingenasiphako iyaqhubeka nokunyuka kuwo onke amacandelo obuchwepheshe obuphezulu.

Kulo mhlaba, indima ethembekileyo, ekumgangatho ophezulu Irhasi yokuKhusela ibaluleke kakhulu kunangaphambili. Utshintsho ukusuka kwiisilinda zoxinzelelo oluphezulu ukuya kwiinkqubo ezidibeneyo zokubonelela ngolwelo lwe-cryogenic lubonisa ukuvuthwa kweenkqubo zokuvelisa, ukubeka phambili ukusebenza kakuhle, ukuhambelana, kunye, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukucoceka okungagungqiyo okufunekayo ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho yobunjineli banamhlanje.

Ikhaka elingabonakaliyo elinikezelwe ngu I-argon engamanzi iya kuqhubeka isisiseko ekwakhiweni kwekamva-ukusuka kwii-microchips ezinika amandla ilizwe lethu ledijithali ukuya kwisiphekepheke esihlola icosmos, siqinisekisa ukuba unxibelelwano olubalulekileyo oluyibambayo luhlala luqinile, lunyulu, kwaye alunakwaphuka.

Ii-FAQs

1. Ndingasebenzisa i-argon gas ye-industrial esemgangathweni endaweni ye-argon ephuma kulwelo kwizicelo zokucoceka okuphezulu?

Ngelixa i-argon ye-industrial eqhelekileyo ifanelekile kwimisebenzi emininzi yokwenziwa ngokubanzi, ihlala iqulethe ukungcola komkhondo (okufana neoksijini kunye nokufuma) okungamkelekanga kwizicelo ezicocekileyo. Ukufumana unikezelo olusuka kulwelo kunye nokusetyenziswa komphunga kuqinisekisa umgangatho ophezulu wococeko, njengoko umzobo oqhubekayo uthintela ungcoliseko oluhlala lungeniswa ngexesha lokutshintshwa kwecylinder yegesi. Kumashishini abalulekileyo afana ne-semiconductors okanye i-aerospace, ukusebenzisa i-ultra-high purity (UHP) amabakala afunyenwe kwiinkqubo zolwelo oluninzi kuyacetyiswa kakhulu kwaye ihlala igunyaziswa.

2. Kutheni i-argon ikhethwa ngaphezu kwe-nitrogen njengendawo ekhuselayo engasebenziyo?

Ngelixa i-nitrogen ingabizi kwaye yenza i-78% ye-atmosfera, ayikho ngokwenene inert kumaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo e-arc ye-welding. I-nitrogen inokusabela ngeentsimbi ezininzi, ngakumbi iintsimbi kunye ne-titanium, zenza ii-nitrides. Ezi nitrides zinokunyibilika kwi-weld pool, ebangela u-embrittlement ebalulekileyo kunye nokunciphisa kakhulu amandla omatshini wokudibanisa. I-Argon, ekubeni yigesi ehloniphekileyo, ihlala ingena kwimichiza nakwiqondo lokushisa le-plasma, iqinisekisa ukuba akukho mpendulo yekhemikhali engafunekiyo eyenzekayo ngesinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo.

3. Kuyintoni ‘ukuhlanjululwa emva,’ yaye kutheni kuyimfuneko nje?

Ukuhlanjululwa ngasemva yinkqubo yokuzalisa i-cavity yangaphakathi yombhobho okanye isitya ngegesi ye-inert (ngokuqhelekileyo i-argon) ngaphambi nangexesha lenkqubo ye-welding. Ngelixa itotshi ye-welding ikhusela umphezulu wejoyini ukusuka kwi-atmosfera, ubushushu bungena ngaphakathi ukuya kumphezulu ongaphakathi (ingcambu). Ukuba ingaphakathi lombhobho lizaliswe ngumoya oqhelekileyo, ingcambu etyhidiweyo iya kusabela ngeoksijini, idale isiphene esirhabaxa, esineoksijini eninzi eyaziwa ngokuba yi “sugaring”. Ukuhlanjululwa ngasemva kuqinisekisa ukuba umphambili kunye nomva we-weld uhlala kwindawo ecocekileyo, eyimfuneko kwimibhobho yococeko kunye nezicelo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu.