Inganda zo mu kirere zirimo guhinduka cyane, ziva mu bihe by’ubushakashatsi bwihariye bwatewe inkunga na leta mu bukungu bw’ubucuruzi bwateye imbere. Mu gihe ibigo byigenga ndetse n’ibigo by’ikirere by’igihugu bigenda bisunika imbibi z’ikoranabuhanga rya satellite, ubushakashatsi bwimbitse mu kirere, hamwe n’indege zateye imbere, icyifuzo cya gaze y’inganda zifite isuku nyinshi cyiyongereye. Muri ubwo buryo bukomeye, icyogajuru cyamazi argon byagaragaye nkibintu byingirakamaro.

Akenshi igicucu kijyanye na moteri ikunze kuganirwaho nka ogisijeni y'amazi cyangwa hydrogène y'amazi, argon y'amazi igira uruhare rucecetse ariko shingiro mugukora, kugerageza, no gukoresha ibyogajuru bigezweho nindege. Iyi mfashanyigisho yuzuye yinjira mumiterere yihariye ya gaze nziza, ishakisha kwaguka Amazi ya argon mu kirere, kandi agaragaza impamvu gufatanya na a kwiringirwa amazi ya argon ni ngombwa kugirango ubutumwa bugerweho.

1. Gusobanukirwa Amazi ya Argon: Gazi nziza kuri Cryogenic Extremes

Mbere yo gucukumbura ibyakoreshejwe, ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa niki gituma argon yamazi ihabwa agaciro cyane mubuhanga bwindege. Argon (Ar) ni gaze nziza, bivuze ko iba inert ya chimique mubihe byose. Igize hafi 0,93% yikirere cyisi, ikaba gaze ya gatatu ya gaze nyinshi kandi ihendutse cyane kuyikuramo hifashishijwe gucamo ibice umwuka wamazi.

Iyo ikonje kugirango ubushyuhe bwa kirogenike (-185.8 ° C cyangwa -302.4 ° F ku muvuduko usanzwe w’ikirere), argon yegeranya mu mazi adafite ibara, impumuro nziza, kandi idafite uburozi.

Ibyingenzi byingenzi bifasha ikirere:

• Ubusembure bwuzuye: Argon ntabwo yitwara nibindi bintu, nubwo haba hari ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane. Ibi nibyingenzi mugihe ukorana nibikoresho byindege byikora cyane.

• Ubucucike bukabije: Argon iremereye kuruta umwuka, ituma ishobora gupfuka neza no kwimura ogisijeni nubushuhe ahantu hafunzwe.

• Ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha bwa Cryogenic: Muburyo bwamazi, itanga uburyo bwiza bwo gukonjesha mugupima ubushyuhe no gukora ibintu byoroshye.

• Ubushobozi bwa Ionisation: Argon irashobora gutondekwa muburyo bwa plasma, umutungo uhindura icyogajuru kigezweho.

2. Urufunguzo rwibanze rwa Argon Porogaramu mu kirere kigezweho

Ikoreshwa rya argon y'amazi rimara ubuzima bwose bw'ikinyabiziga cyo mu kirere - uhereye ku guhimba ibikoresho fatizo hasi y'uruganda ukagendagenda mu cyuho cy'umwanya. Dore ibisobanuro birambuye kuri primaire Amazi ya argon gutwara inganda imbere.

2.1. Welding na Metallurgie

Inganda zo mu kirere zishingiye cyane cyane ku byuma byoroheje, bifite imbaraga nyinshi nka titanium, aluminiyumu, hamwe na superalloys yateye imbere. Nyamara, iyo ibyo byuma bihuye na ogisijeni, azote, cyangwa hydrogène ku bushyuhe bwo gusudira, biba byoroshye, bikabije, kandi bikunda kunanirwa bikabije.

Liquid argon ihumeka kandi ikoreshwa cyane nka gaze ikingira muri Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW / TIG) hamwe na Gaz Metal Arc Welding (GMAW / MIG).

• Ibihimbano bya Titanium: Titanium izwiho gufata imyuka yo mu kirere hafi yubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Argon itanga ingabo iremereye, idashobora kwambuka hejuru ya pisine, irinda kwanduza no kwemeza ubusugire bwimiterere yibigize moteri yindege, amakadiri ya fuselage, hamwe na roketi.

• Icapiro rya 3D (Gukora inyongera): Mu gihe inganda zo mu kirere zifata ibyuma bya 3D bicapura ibice bigoye, argon yinjizwa mu byumba byubaka imashini za Selective Laser Melting (SLM) kugira ngo habeho ibidukikije byiza, bitarimo ogisijeni, bituma metallurgie itungana.

2.2. Sisitemu, Gusiba, no Kwinjiza Sisitemu

Umutekano nicyo cyambere cyambere mubuhanga bwindege. Roketi n'indege bifashisha ibicanwa bihindagurika cyane na okiside. Mbere yo gutwika, na nyuma yo kugerageza moteri, urusobe rukomeye rw'imiyoboro, indangagaciro, hamwe n'ibigega byo kubikamo bigomba guhanagurwa burundu ubushuhe busigaye, ogisijeni, cyangwa lisansi idashya.

Mugihe azote ikoreshwa mugusukura, icyogajuru cyamazi argon Byahiswemo muburyo bwihariye, bworoshye cyane ibintu. Kubera ko argon yuzuye kurusha umwuka na azote, irashobora guhanagura neza umwanda uva muri geometrike igoye. Ikigeretse kuri ibyo, argon ntabwo ikora hamwe na moteri zimwe na zimwe zateye imbere aho azote ishobora guteza ibyago bike bya nitride ku bushyuhe bukabije.

2.3. Kwipimisha Cryogenic hamwe no kwigana ubushyuhe

Satelite hamwe nubushakashatsi bwikirere bigomba kurokoka ibintu bikaze by’ikirere, aho ubushyuhe bushobora guhindagurika buturutse ku bushyuhe bukabije buturuka ku mirasire y’izuba butaziguye kugeza kuri zeru hafi ya zeru igicucu.

Abashakashatsi mu kirere bakoresha ibyumba bya vacuum (TVAC) kugirango bigane ibi bihe ku isi. Amazi ya argon azenguruka binyuze mu bitambaro byuzuye biri muri ibyo byumba. Kubera imiterere ya kirogenike nziza kandi itajegajega, argon yamazi irashobora gukurura ubushyuhe bwimbere bwicyumba ikamanuka kugera kurwego rwimbitse, bigatuma abajenjeri bahangayikishwa na avionics, sensor optique, nibikoresho byubaka mbere yuko bitangizwa muri orbit.

2.4. Igihe kizaza cyo gusunika: Argon Ion Thrusters

Ahari uburyo bushimishije kandi bwagutse bwihuse bwa argon mumwanya uri mumashanyarazi. Ubusanzwe, satelite ikoresha imashini itera Hall cyangwa moteri ya ion yashingiye kuri gaze ya Xenon. Xenon iraremereye kandi byoroshye ionisiyoneri, bituma iba moteri nziza yo kubungabunga orbit cyangwa kuyobora inzira-ndende.

Ariko, Xenon ni gake cyane kandi ihenze cyane. Mugihe ibigo bitangiza mega-nyenyeri zirimo satelite ibihumbi n'ibihumbi (nk'umuyoboro mugari wa interineti wa interineti), igiciro cya Xenon cyabaye ikibazo gikomeye mu bijyanye n'amafaranga.

Ibi byatumye habaho paradigima yerekeza kuri Argon. Mugihe argon yoroshye kurusha xenon kandi isaba ingufu zamashanyarazi nyinshi kugirango ionize, ni nyinshi kandi igura igice cyigiciro. Iterambere rya vuba mubikorwa byizuba ryizuba hamwe nigishushanyo mbonera cyatumye argon ikongoka ion itera imbaraga cyane. Amazi ya argon yapakiwe mubigega bya satelite, bigahumeka, ionisiyoneri, kandi byihuta binyuze mumashanyarazi kugirango bitange umusaruro mwiza, uhoraho mumyuka yumwanya.

3. Ibipimo bikomeye: Ubwiza nubuziranenge mu kirere

Iyo uhuye nubukanishi bwa orbital hamwe nindege ya supersonic, hari zeru zeru zo kwibeshya. Uwiteka icyogajuru cyamazi argon ikoreshwa muri izi porogaramu ntishobora kuba urwego rwinganda rusanzwe. Igomba kuba yujuje ubuziranenge bwo hejuru cyane, 99,999% (Icyiciro 5.0) cyangwa hejuru.

Ndetse umwanda wa microscopique - nk'ibice kuri miliyoni (ppm) urwego rw'ubushuhe, ogisijeni, cyangwa hydrocarbone yose (THC) - bishobora gutera ingaruka mbi:

• Mu gusudira, umwanda utera micro-ibice mubice byubatswe.

• Mu icapiro rya 3D, ubushuhe buganisha kuri hydrogen.

• Muri ion igenda, umwanda urashobora kwangiza electrode yimbere yimbere, bikagabanya igihe cyo gukora icyogajuru.

Kubwibyo, urwego rwose rutanga, kuva murwego rwo gutandukanya ikirere (ASU) kugeza kumato wanyuma, rugomba kubungabungwa neza. Ibi birasaba ubwikorezi bwogutwara ibinyabiziga byabugenewe, ibigega byabitswe neza cyane, hamwe no gupima ubuziranenge kuri buri cyiciro.

4. Kuki Guhitamo Amazi meza ya Argon Utanga Ibintu

Urebye imiterere yingenzi yibi bikorwa, abakora mu kirere hamwe nabatanga ibicuruzwa ntibashobora gufata argon yamazi nkibicuruzwa byoroshye. Ubwizerwe bwurwego rutanga ni ngombwa kimwe nubuziranenge bwa gaze ubwayo. Gutangiza Windows ntibibabarira, kandi gutinda kugemura cyangwa gukingira gaze bishobora kuvamo amamiliyoni y amadorari.

Iyo ushakisha imyuka ya kirogenike kumishinga igezweho, gufatanya na a urwego rwo hejuru amazi ya argon ni bidashoboka. Umuntu utanga isoko ntatanga ibicuruzwa gusa, ahubwo atanga ibisubizo byicungamutungo rya gazi, harimo:

• Ubuziranenge butajegajega: Iyungurura ryambere hamwe nibigeragezo bikomeye kugirango byemeze amanota meza cyane.

• Gutanga Urunigi rwo Kwihangana: Imiyoboro ikomeye y’ibikoresho hamwe n’ibikoresho bya kirogenike ISO itanga igihe ku gihe, hatitawe ku mbogamizi z’akarere cyangwa ihungabana ry’ibicuruzwa ku isi.

• Ubuhanga bwa tekiniki: Inkunga yubuhanga mugushushanya ahabitswe sisitemu yo kubika cryogenic, vaporizers, hamwe nogukwirakwiza gazi ijyanye nibikorwa byo mu kirere.

Ku masosiyete yo mu kirere ashakisha umufatanyabikorwa wiringirwa kugira ngo yongere ingufu mu gukora no gutwara ibintu, ibisubizo byuzuye ni byo by'ingenzi. Urashobora gushakisha ibicuruzwa byiza bya argon hamwe na serivise yihariye ya gazi yinganda usuye a abahanga amazi ya argon, kwemeza ko ibikorwa byawe bishyigikiwe ninganda ziyobora kwizerwa no kwera.

5. Ingaruka ku bidukikije n’ubukungu bya Argon mu kirere

Inganda zo mu kirere zigenda ziyongera, niko kwiyemeza kuramba no gukoresha neza ibiciro. Ihinduka ryamazi ya argon mubikorwa bitandukanye bihuza neza niyi ntego.

Bitandukanye n'umuti wa shimi ukoreshwa muburyo bumwe bwo gusukura no guhanagura, argon rwose ntabwo ari uburozi kandi nibidukikije. Iyo irekuwe mu kirere, isubira gusa mu kirere yakuweho, ntigisigara ikirenge cya karuboni cyangwa ibisigazwa bya shimi.

Mu bukungu, ihinduka ryerekeza kuri argon - cyane cyane mu rwego rwo gukwirakwiza icyogajuru - ni ikintu gikomeye mu bukungu bwa “Umwanya mushya”. Mugabanye cyane ibiciro byikwirakwiza ryamashanyarazi ugereranije na Krypton cyangwa Xenon, gutangiza icyogajuru hamwe nibihangange byashyizweho kimwe birashobora kohereza amato manini, bikagabanya ibiciro byurusobe rwitumanaho kwisi, kwitegereza isi, hamwe nubutumwa bwimbitse bwa siyansi.

6. Umwanzuro: Kuyobora Imipaka ikurikira hamwe na Liquid Argon

Inganda zo mu kirere zandika igice gikurikira cyamateka yumuntu, kandi ibikoresho byorohereza uru rugendo nibyingenzi kuruta mbere hose. Kuva mu guhimba titanium itavunika kugeza gutanga ionizing itera imbaraga satelite ikoresheje isanzure, icyogajuru cyamazi argon yerekanye ko ari ibikoresho byinshi, bikomeye, kandi byingenzi.

Nkubuhanga bwo gukora nkicyuma cya 3D icapiro rikuze, kandi nkuko inyenyeri yubucuruzi yubucuruzi igwira, ubugari bwa Amazi ya argon bizakomeza kwaguka. Ku bayobozi b'inganda, kwemeza itangwa rihamye, rifite isuku ryinshi binyuze mubuhanga kandi buhanga amazi ya argon bizaba urufunguzo rwo gukomeza guhatana no kugera kubutumwa bwiza mubidukikije bisaba umwanya.

Ibibazo

Ikibazo1: Kuki argon yamazi rimwe na rimwe ikundwa na azote yuzuye kugirango isukure sisitemu yo mu kirere?

Igisubizo: Mugihe azote yuzuye ihendutse kandi ikoreshwa cyane, argon iba yuzuye kuruta umwuka na azote. Ubucucike buri hejuru butuma bushobora kwimura neza ubuhehere, ogisijeni, hamwe n’umwuka uremereye munsi y’ibigega bya peteroli bigoye. Byongeye kandi, ku bushyuhe bukabije, azote irashobora rimwe na rimwe gukora hamwe n’ibyuma bimwe na bimwe (bikora nitide), mu gihe argon ari gaze nziza cyane, yemeza ko imiti ya zeru itagira imbaraga hamwe n’ibisigazwa by’ikirere cyangwa ibisigazwa bisigaye.

Q2: Amazi ya argon arashobora gukoreshwa muburyo bwa peteroli?

Igisubizo: Liquid argon ntabwo ari "lisansi" muburyo bwa chimique gakondo kuko idashya cyangwa ngo yaka (iba inert rwose). Ariko, iragenda ikoreshwa nka a moteri mumashanyarazi ion. Mu kirere, gaze ya argon yatewe mu cyumba gisunika, ion ikoresheje amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, kandi yihuta inyuma binyuze mu rukuruzi rwa rukuruzi n'amashanyarazi kugira ngo itere imbaraga. Itoneshwa inyenyeri zogajuru kubera ubwinshi bwayo nigiciro gito ugereranije na Xenon.

Q3: Isosiyete ikorera mu kirere ikwiye kureba iki muguhitamo ibicuruzwa bitanga amazi?

Igisubizo: Isosiyete ikora mu kirere igomba gushyira imbere ibintu bitatu by'ingenzi: Isuku, kwizerwa, n'ibikorwa remezo. Utanga isoko agomba kwemeza Ultra-Yisukuye (mubisanzwe Icyiciro 5.0 / 99,999% cyangwa irenga) kugirango yirinde kwanduza ibice. Icya kabiri, bagomba kugira urusobekerane rwibikoresho bya kirogenike kugirango barebe ko ibicuruzwa bijyana no gutangiza cyangwa gukora gahunda. Hanyuma, premier amazi ya argon igomba gutanga ubufasha bwa tekiniki, itanga ibikenewe bya vacuum-jackettes hamwe na vaporizeri zisabwa kugirango bikoreshe amazi ya kirogenike neza kurubuga.