Kukhiqizwa kanjani i-hydrogen ewuketshezi?
1. Kunjani Kukhiqizwa i-hydrogen ewuketshezi?
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Hydrogen ngendlela yamanzi amanzi
Sebenzisa i-anthracite noma i-coke njengento eluhlaza ukuze uphendule nge-vapor yamanzi ekushiseni okuphezulu ukuthola igesi yamanzi (C + H2O → 1 H2-SHEAT). Ngemuva kokuhlanzwa, kudluliswa nge-catalyst nge-vapor yamanzi ukuguqula i-CO ku-CO2 (CO ukukhiqiza i-hydrogen futhi kunomphumela omkhulu nemishini eminingi. Le ndlela ivame ukusetshenziswa ezitshalweni ze-ammonia synthesis. Abanye baphinda bahlanganisa i-methanol kusuka ku-CO ne-H2, futhi izindawo ezimbalwa zisebenzisa i-hydrogen emsulwa engaphansi nge-80% hydrogen igesi isetshenziselwa uphethiloli wokufakelwa. Le ndlela ivame ukusetshenziselwa isitshalo sokuhlola samakhemikhali saseBeijing kanye nezitshalo ezincane zomanyolo ze-nitrogen ezindaweni eziningi.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Hydrogen kusuka kugesi wokwenziwa igesi kanye negesi yemvelo kusuka ekuqhekekeni okushisayo kwe-petroleum
Umkhiqizo wokuqhekeka okushisayo kukaphethiloli ukhiqiza inani elikhulu le-hydrogen, elivame ukusetshenziswa ku-hydrogenation kaphethiloli, i-hydrogen efunwa yizitshalo ze-petrochemical kanye nomanyolo. Le ndlela yokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen yamukelwa emazweni amaningi emhlabeni. Izitshalo, izisekelo ze-petrochemical e-Bohai Oilfield, njll. Zonke zisebenzisa le ndlela ukukhiqiza i-hydrogen.
I-COKE Oven GEGRAGE IGCREGION DRIVEGED REFTION
Qhwaba bese ucindezela igesi ye-Coke Oven ekhishwe okokuqala namanye amagesi futhi ishiye i-hydrogen. Le ndlela isetshenziswa ezindaweni ezimbalwa.
I-Hydrogen by-Umkhiqizo we-electrolysis wamanzi kasawoti
Embonini ye-chlor-alkali, kukhiqizwa inani elikhulu le-hydrogen emsulwa, esetshenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-hydrochloric acid, futhi kungahlanzwa ukukhiqiza i-hydrogen ejwayelekile noma i-hydrogen emsulwa. Isibonelo, i-hydrogen esetshenziswe esimisweni sesibili samakhemikhali ingumkhiqizo we-electrolytic brine.
Imikhiqizo eyenziwe embonini ye-Brewing
Lapho ummbila esetshenziselwa ukuvulwa i-acetone ne-butanol, ngaphezu kwe-1/3 ye-hydrogen ephepheni imfucumfucu ingakhiqiza ngaphansi kokuhlanzwa okuphindaphindwayo, futhi ngenani elijwayelekile le-N2 kune-99.99%). Isibonelo, iBeijing Brewery ikhiqiza le-hydrogen yomkhiqizo, esetshenziselwa ukudubula imikhiqizo ye-quartz kanye namayunithi angaphandle.
2. Kunjani i-hydrogen ewuketshezi ukuthutha futhi yiziphi izindlela zokuhamba
Njengamanje, izindlela zokuhamba ze-hydrogen eziwuketshezi ikakhulukazi zifaka izinhlobo ezilandelayo:
Owokuqala ukulethwa kwamaloli. Le ndlela isebenzisa amaloli ethangi aklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukudlulisa i-hydrogen ewuketshezi kusuka kumkhiqizi efektri yomsebenzisi noma esiteshini. Amaloli ethangi ajwayele ukuklanywa ngamagobolondo afakwe engxenyeni ehlukahlukene ukugcina izinga lokushisa nengcindezi ye-hydrogen ewuketshezi ezitebeleni ngesikhathi sokuhamba. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela idinga izindleko eziningi zokwakha i-tanker futhi isengozini yezinto ezifana nezingozi zomgwaqo nemikhawulo yebanga.
Okwesibili ukulethwa kwamapayipi. Le ndlela isuselwa ohlelweni olukhulu lwamapayipi we-hydrogen Delivery Pipeline. I-hydrogen ewuketshezi ifakwa ohlelweni lwepayipi ngesitshalo sokukhiqiza, bese ithuthwa efektri yomsebenzisi noma esiteshini sokukhulisa i-hydrogen ngamapayipi angaphansi komhlaba. Ukuhamba ngepayipi kuyindlela yezomnotho, esebenza kahle futhi ephephile yokuhlangabezana nokuhamba okuphezulu okuphezulu kwamanani amakhulu we-hydrogen. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, ukuthutha kwamapayipi kudinga ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda enkulu, futhi kukhona izingozi ezithile, ngakho-ke ukuphathwa okuqinile nomsebenzi wokuphatha okuqinile kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwayo.
Okwesithathu kuthutha ukuthutha. I-wequid hydrogen nayo ingahanjiswa ngolwandle ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele. Ngenxa yobuningi obuphansi be-hydrogen ewuketshezi, ukuthutha komkhumbi kudinga isitoreji esikhethekile nezindawo zokuhamba nobuchwepheshe ukuqinisekisa ukuqina komkhumbi nokuphepha kwe-hydrogen ye-liquid. Ukuhamba ngomkhumbi kungahlangabezana nezidingo zokuhamba ezihamba ibanga lemali enkulu ye-hydrogen ewuketshezi, kepha kudinga izindleko ezinkulu zezomnotho nezobuchwepheshe, kanye nokuhambisana okuqinile kwemithetho yezokuphepha yasemanzini kanye nemihlangano yezizwe.
3. Ingabe kunzima ukwenziwa i-hydrogen?
Kunzima kakhulu ukukhiqiza, futhi ubunzima bukhona emaphoyinti alandelayo:
Izinga lokushisa elipholile liphansi, umthamo wokupholisa ukhulu, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kweyunithi kuphakeme;
I-Ortho-Paraconjon ye-hydrogen yenza umsebenzi odingekayo ukuze akhululeke kakhulu kunama-methane, uNitrogen, i-Helium namanye amagesi, futhi ukushisa kwamagesi ama-Ortho-paraconverion akwenza cishe i-16% yomsebenzi wawo ofanele we-liquefaction umsebenzi;
Ukushintshwa okusheshayo kokushisa okuthile okucacisiwe kubangela ukuba i-velocity ye-hydrogen yenyuke ngokushesha ngokwanda kokushisa. Le velocity ephakeme ephezulu yenza i-rotor ye-rotor ye-hydrogen i-stress ephezulu, okwenza ukwakheka nokwenziwa kwe-Expander kunzima kakhulu;
Ekushiseni kwe-hydrogen ewuketshezi, okunye ukungcola kwegesi ngaphandle kwe-helium kuqinisile (ikakhulukazi i-oksijini eqinile), engavimba ipayipi futhi adale ukuqhuma.
4. Yini izimboni zohlelo lokusebenza ze-hydrogen ewuketshezi?
Lapho kudingeka i-hydrogen, efana ne-aerospace, indiza, ezokuhamba, i-elekthronikhi, i-metallurgy, imboni yamakhemikhali, ukudla, ingilazi, kanye neminyango kagesi yasezweni, i-hydrogen esetshenziswayo ingasetshenziswa. Ngokwemithi ye-hydrogen, i-hydrogen ye-Medical Liquid inganikeza i-hydrogen yemishini yamanzi ecebile nge-hydrogen, izinkomishi zamanzi acebile ama-hydrogen, kanye namadivayisi wokufakwa kwe-hydrogen ezindaweni ezinkulu. Njengamanje, insimu esetshenziswa kakhulu ye-hydrogen ewuketshezi ezweni lami yi-aerospace.
Inani le-hydrogen eliwuketshezi emkhakheni we-hydrogen isitoreji libonakaliswa ikakhulukazi ezintweni ezilandelayo. Okokuqala, i-hydrogen ewuketshezi idinga ivolumu encane kune-gaseous hydrogen ejwayelekile, enganciphisa kakhulu izindawo zokugcina nezindleko zokuhamba. Okwesibili, i-hydrogen ewuketshezi i-purner ngekhwalithi, ngokungafani ne-gaseous hydrogen, ezokhiqiza ukungcola okufana nomoya-mpilo kanye ne-nitrogen, okuzothinta umphumela wokugcina wokugcina. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-hydrogen ewuketshezi emkhakheni wesitoreji se-hydrogen nokuhamba nakho kuyasiza ekuthuthukiseni izimboni ze-hydrogen kanye nokwandisa ububanzi besicelo samandla we-hydrogen emikhakheni eminingi.
