Eli nqaku leli nqaku lomntu wonke ekufuneka eqonde ishishini leshishini lanamhlanje: I-Ammonia. Siza kungena nzulu kwinto Igesi yase-Ammonia Ngaba, kwenzeka njani ukuba, usetyenziso lwalo lukhulu, kwaye ufuna ntoni kumthengisi othembekileyo. Olu asilulo oluchanekileyo lobugcisa; Sisikhokelo esisebenzayo esivela kumnini wefektri kumnini weshishini, eyilelwe ukukunika ukucaca kunye nokuzithemba kufuneka wenze ezona zigqibo zizongeneyo.

Ithini kanye kanye igesi ye-Ammonia kwaye zithini iipropathi zayo?

Kwinkalo yayo, I-Ammonia (NH₃) yinxalenye yemichiza eyenziwe enye initrogen iatom kwaye ezintathu hydrogen iiathom. Yi Irhasi engenabala Nge-odor eyahlukileyo kakhulu, i-odor-ungayiqonda ngokukhawuleza iphunga. Abantu abaninzi bakunxibelelanisa le phunga ngeemveliso zokucoca amakhaya, ezihlala ziqulathe I-Ammonium hydroxide, isisombululo se-act I-Ammonia. Kodwa indima yayo yandisa okungaphaya kokucoca. Kwifom yayo ecocekileyo, equlethiweyo, lilitye lesiseko I-chemistry yezamashishini. I Iipropathi ze-ammonia yenza ukuba iguqulwe ngendlela eguquguqukayo. Iphantsi indawo yokubila ye-333.34 ° C (-28.01 ° F), evumela ukuba ityhutyha ngokulula phantsi koxinzelelo lokugcina kunye nezothutho, inqaku elibalulekileyo igesi yezamashishini.

Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo Iipropathi zegesi ye-ammonia Ingaba lonto yi I-Ammonia inyibilika kakhulu emanzini. Xa le nto irhasi inyibilikisa, iyisiseko, okanye i-alkaline, isisombululo. Oku kuphinda kwenziwe sisizathu esiphambili sokusetyenziswa kwayo ngokuchaphazela i-asids kunye ne imveliso yezichumisi. Ngaphandle kwezibonelelo ezininzi, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba I-Ammonia inetyhefu kwiindawo eziphakamileyo. Ukuqonda ezi mpahla zisisiseko linyathelo lokuqala kuye nabani na obandakanyekayo ekuthetheni okanye ukusingatha oku kubalulekile I-Chemical Complet. I isenzo se-ammonia Kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ziyahambelana ngqo kule indibaniselwano yempawu zomzimba kunye nekhemikhali.

Ukubaluleka kwale molekyuli elula akunakuba ngaphezulu. Ukusuka ekutyeni kwiitafile zethu ukuya kwi-moya epholileyo kwiifriji, I-Ammonia idlala indima ebalulekileyo. Isakhono sayo sokusebenza njenge-compact kunye nomthwali ofanelekileyo we hydrogen kwaye initrogen iyenza ibe yinto engenakuphikiswa ngaphakathi Iinkqubo ezininzi zemizi-mveliso. Njengoko sikhangela kuyo synthesis kunye nezicelo, uyakubona ukuba le nto iphambili igesi yezamashishini Ixhasa uqoqosho lwehlabathi kwaye ichukumisa phantse yonke inkalo yobomi bale mihla. I Ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ye I-Ammonia Itekhtha kwipropathi yayo enamandla neziluncedo.

Imveliso ye-ammonia ifezekisiwe njani?

Uninzi lwehlabathi I-Ammonia Idalwe ngenkqubo eguqukayo kwezolimo kunye nemveliso yekhemikhali ngaphezulu kwenkulungwane edlulileyo: Inkqubo yeHaber-Bosch. Le ndlela Imveliso ye-Ammonia Ngaba i-feed yenjineli yekhemikhali edibanisa i-themossic igesi ye-nitrogen nge hydrogen, ngokuqhelekileyo ukusuka irhasi yendalo okanye enye ifosili yefuweli, ukuya Veza i-ammonia. Inkqubo ibaluleke kakhulu ngaphandle kwengqondo kodwa inzima ekwenzeni, ifuna uxinzelelo oluphezulu (i-150-250 bar) kunye ne-a Iqondo lokushisa eliphezulu .

I I-synthesis ye-ammonia iqala nge Imveliso ye-hydrogen. I-methane evela irhasi yendalo I-projeks kunye ne-steam ukuvelisa hydrogen kwaye umoya omdaka. I initrogen isahlulwe nje emoyeni esiphefumlayo. Ezi gese zimbini ziyahlanjululwa, zixinzele, kwaye zityalwe kwi-reactor. Ngaphakathi, phantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu kunye nobushushu, basabela kwifom I-Ammonia. Ishushu eshushu irhasi Umxube upholile, ubangela I-Ammonia Ukuya kulutho ukuze lunokwahlulwa, ngelixa ingachazwanga initrogen kwaye hydrogen ziphinde zibuyiselwe kwinkqubo. Le loop eqhubekayo yenza i Imveliso ye-ammonia Inkqubo isebenza kakuhle.

Njengomnini-mzi-mveliso, ndingakuxelela loo nto synthesis kukugxila rhoqo. Ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla yinto enkulu, njengoko inkqubo ye-haber-Bosch yenziwa amandla, inika ingxelo ngaphezulu kwe-1% yokusetyenziswa kwamandla ehlabathi. I-Innovations kwiTekhnoloji enkulu kunye nokudityaniswa kobushushu zihlala ziphononongwa ukunciphisa iindleko kunye nendawo yokusingqongileyo. Xa umthombo I-Ammonia, ufumana imveliso ezelwe kwenye yezona mpumelelo zibalulekileyo ngaphakathi I-chemistry yezamashishini. Umgangatho wemveliso yokugqibela ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kulungelelwaniso nolawulo oluphakathi kuwo onke amabanga I-Ammonia Synthesis inkqubo.

Yeyiphi eyona ixhaphakileyo yemizi-mveliso ye-ammonia?

Xa abantu bebuza ntoni I-Ammonia isetyenzisiwe Kuba, impendulo ilula: Phantse yonke into, iqala ngokutya kwethu. Isicelo esinye esikhulu se I-Ammonia-Ukuguqula ngaphezulu kwe-80% yazo zonke I-Ammonia ivelisiwe kwihlabathi liphela le imveliso yezichumisi. Ngumthombo ophambili we initrogen kuba I-Ammonia isichumisi Iimveliso ezinjenge-Urea kunye ne-Ammonium nitrate. Ngaphandle kwale igesi yezamashishini, Asikwazanga ukugcina isivuno sesityalo sidinga ukondla abantu behlabathi. Eli khonkco kulo Ukuveliswa kokutya yenza ukubonelelwa okuthembekileyo I-Ammonia Umba wokhuseleko lwehlabathi.

Ngaphandle kwefama, I-Ammonia unayo Izicelo ezininzi zoMzi-mveliso. Sisithako esiphambili kwi Ukuveliswa kweeplasitiki, iintsinga zokwenziwa njengenylon, iziqhushumbisi, kunye namayeza amaninzi. Kwiindawo zonyango lwamanzi, I-Ammonia isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-chloradine, isibulala-ntsholongwane esizinzileyo kwaye sinefuthe elide kune-chlorine. I Ishishini leekhemikhali ixhomekeke kakhulu kwi I-Ammonia Njengebhloko yesakhiwo Iikhemikhali zeMisebenzi. Ngokuyintloko, ukuba ubona imveliso equlathe initrogen, kukho ithuba elihle le I-Ammonia wayebandakanyekile kwindalo yayo.

Ngapha koko, I-Ammonia isebenza njengempumelelo esebenzayo nenobuhlobo kwindalo. Kudala ngaphambi kokufumana i-freon, I-Ammonia Ngaba ifriji yokuzikhethela iinkqubo zefriji zefriji, kwaye yenza ubuye umva. Ngobuchule bokufudumeza kwehlabathi (i-GWP) kunye ne-ozone epheleleyo Ukusuka kwizityalo eziphakamileyo zokutya eziphezulu kwi-ice rinks, Iinkqubo zefriji ze-Ammonia Nika ukupholisa ngokufanelekileyo. Le Irhasi iyasetyenziswa Kwindlela ezininzi ezifihlakeleyo ezixhasa ubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Ezi Izicelo ezahlukeneyo zemveliso chaza nje ukuba kubaluleke kangakanani irhasi injalo.

Kutheni le nto i-amonia ebaluleke kakhulu kumashishini amaninzi kangaka?

Ikota oya kuyiva Izicwangciso zemveliso i I-ammonia. Oku kuthetha nje I-Ammonia Icocekile kwaye iqulethe amanzi elincinci okanye akukho manzi (i-hydrous = "ngaphandle kwamanzi"). Yindlela esibalulekileyo ye I-Ammonia isetyenziswe phantse yonke Izicelo zeMizi-mveliso. Kuba ayisebenzi, yeyona ndlela igxilisiweyo nefanelekileyo yokuthuthwa nokusebenzisa initrogen. Umlimi, ukufaka isicelo I-ammonia ngqo emhlabeni umhlaba uhambisa inani eliphezulu le initrogen izondlo kwizityalo ngefomu elizinzileyo. Ubunyulu bayo buyenza ibe yindawo enokubakho kwaye isebenza.

Kwihlabathi lonyango lwensimbi, I-Ammonia iyakhutshwa (iqhekezwe) hydrogen kwaye initrogen kwi Iqondo lokushisa eliphezulu. Lo mxube emva koko usetyenziselwa indawo yentsimbi yentsimbi kwinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-nit. I initrogen I-atom ihlukumeza kumphezulu weenxalenye zensimbi, ukudala ukuthambeka okunzima kakhulu okunxibayo kunye nokunyanzelwa. Ikwasetyenziswa njengemozulu ekhuselayo kwiziko lokuthintela i-oxidation ngexesha lokungena. Kwezinye izicelo ze-welding, zaxabazeka I-Ammonia inokusetyenziswa njengekhaka elibizwa ngokuba yihlangu irhasi. Indima yayo apha ibalulekile ekwenzeni izinto ezenziwayo ezihlala zihlala zihlala zihleli.

Okokugqibela, kwikhemikhali synthesis, I-ammonia sisinyibilikisi esinamandla kunye ne-reallile ye-realvent. I-Ammonia ikwasetyenziswa Kwimveliso ye-Nitric Acid, engumbandela wangaphambili kuyo yonke into ukusuka kwi-Dyes ukuya kwi-rocket progllants. Ukukwazi kwayo ukwenza njengoko isiseko kwenza ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu ekuchaseni i-acidic ye-acidic ye-acidic ye-acidic ngokusanduleli kwimichiza. Xa igosa lokuthengwa kwempahla efana ne-shen shen I-Ammonia, ngokwesiqhelo ba-odola le fom icocekileyo, enesidima, kuba ukugxininiswa kwayo nokungabikho kokungcola kubalulekile kwingqibelelo yezi Amashishini ahlukeneyo iinkqubo. Ucoceko lwabo luqinisekisa iziphumo ezixelekileyo nezinokuthenjwa, ezingahambelani kwizibonda eziphezulu.

"Kwiminyaka engama-30 ekuthengweni kweekhemikhali, ndiye ndafunda into enye: Ukucoceka kwezinto zakho eziluhlaza ezichaza umgangatho wemveliso yakho yokugqibela. Nge I-Ammonia, akukho gumbi lokulalanisa. Umthombo onokuthenjwa wokucoceka okuphezulu I-ammonia sisiseko somgca ozinzileyo wokuvelisa. "- I-Veteran yeShishini

Zeziphi iingozi eziphambili zokuvezwa kwe-ammonia kwaye zingancipha njani?

Ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwayo, kufuneka sihlale sihlonipha i Ingozi ye-ammonia. Ihlelwe njengeyona nto inetyhefu kunye neyo. Ukuvezwa kwi-ammonia inokubangela ukucaphukisa kakhulu eluswini, amehlo, umqala, kunye nemiphunga. Kuba I-Ammonia inyibilika kakhulu emanzini, ikhangela ukufuma emzimbeni, ekhokelela kwikhemikhali. Ukuphefumla phezulu amanqanaba e-ammonia inokubulala. Umngcipheko ophambili kwi Izicwangciso zemveliso ivela ekukhutshelwe ngengozi kwiitanki zokugcina izinto okanye kwimibhobho. Yiyo loo nto iiprotokholi zokhuseleko ezingqongqo azisosincomo nje; bayimfuneko.

Ukunciphisa umngcipheko we I-Ammonia iqala ngolawulo lobunjineli. Amaziko ukuba Sebenzisa i-ammonia Kufuneka ubenazo iinkqubo zokungena ze-moya kunye neenzwa zokubamba ezinokubangela ii-alamu kunye nokuvalwa okuzenzekelayo. Izixhobo zokukhusela umntu (i-PPE) yilayini elandelayo yokuzikhusela. Nabani na osebenza kufutshane ubungakanani be-ammonia Kufuneka ixhotyiswe kwaye iqeqeshelwe ukusebenzisa ii-respirators, iigloves ezixhaphaziweyo kunye neegloves zegesi okanye izihlangu zobuso. Siqinisekisa ukuba bonke abasebenzi bethu baqeqeshelwe ngokungqongqo kwezi nkqubo.

Mhlawumbi esona sicwangciso sokudalwa esibalulekileyo siluncedo kungxamiseko. Indawo nganye kufuneka ibe neendawo ezingxamisekileyo, izikhululo zamehlo, kunye nesicwangciso esicacileyo, esicocekileyo sokukhuphela kakuhle. Uqeqesha abasebenzi malunga nento yokwenza ukuba Ukuvezwa kwe-ammonia kunokubangela Umcimbi ubaluleke kakhulu. Ayisiyo malunga nokuphatha i irhasi ngokukhuselekileyo ngexesha lokusebenza kwesiqhelo; Imalunga nokwazi kakuhle ukuba ungasabela njani xa kukho into engahambanga kakuhle. Umthengi, le nto ibalulekile. Umthengisi obeka phambili kwaye unokubonisa la manyathelo okhuseleko aqondakalisa uhlobo lwenene lwemveliso abazithengisayo. Xa ujongene nesibindi igesi yezamashishini njenge I-Ammonia, ufuna iqabane elixabisa ukhuseleko kangangoko unakho.

Ifanele ilawulwe njani i-Ammonia?

Eyona ifanelekileyo Ukugcinwa kwe-ammonia yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokulawula umngcipheko wayo nokuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa okuzinzileyo. Kuba i-ammonia Unoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-vapor kumaqondo obushushu, I-Ammonia kufuneka igcinwe nokuba lulwelo phantsi koxinzelelo okanye kwimo enesidima esineziqhulo kwi-themospic uxinzelelo. Inani elincinci ligcinwe kwi-cylinds cylinds okanye iitanki, njenge Iqondo lobushushu eliphantsi igesi yegesi Siyabonelela. Ezi zikhongozeli zakhiwe ukumelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu kwaye zixhotyiswe nge-valves yoncedo yokuthintela ukusilela kwentlekele kwimeko yokucinezelwa ngaphezulu.

Enkulu ubungakanani be-ammonia, ezinjengezo zifunyenwe kumaziko emveliso okanye kwiindawo eziphambili zokuhambisa, ukugcinwa kwefriji kuxhaphake ngakumbi. I I-Ammonia ipholile kwi indawo yokubila (-33 ° C) kwaye ugcinwe kwiitanki ezinkulu, ezivaliweyo. Le ndlela inciphisa uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwetanki, isenza ikhuseleke. Nangona kunjalo, ifuna Inkqubo yokwenyani eqhubekayo yokugcina ubushushu obuphantsi, ongeze ubunzima kunye neendleko. Zombini iindlela zifuna ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa kweetanki, imibhobho, kunye neeValves ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwazo.

Njengomthengisi, siyaqonda ukuba izinto zokugcina izinto kunye nokugcinwa ziyinkxalabo eziphambili kubathengi bethu. Siqinisekisa ukuba bethu I-Ammonia ifakwe kwaye ithuthwa ngokuhambelana nayo yonke imigangatho yamazwe. Iisilinda kunye neetanki esizisebenzisayo, nokuba licocekile I-Ammonia okanye Irhasi Iimveliso, ziyavavanywa kwaye ziyaqinisekiswa. Izixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukugcina I-Ammonia Kufuneka ukhethwe ngononophelo - umzekelo, i-Porrode yobhedu, ubhedu, kunye ne-zinc, ke intsimbi yintsimbi yezinto ezikhethiweyo. Iilebheli ezifanelekileyo, iinkqubo zokukhusela ezikhuselekileyo, kunye namaxwebhu acacileyo yinxalenye yenkqubo ebanzi yokhuseleko eqinisekisa irhasi ifika kwindawo yakho ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye ilungele ukusetyenziswa.

Yintoni ifuthe lendalo esingqongileyo le-ammonia kunye nokunyuka kwe-ammonia eluhlaza?

Kuya kufuneka sinyaniseke malunga Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo ye-Ammonia imveliso. Inkqubo ye-haber-bosch yesiko ixhomekeke kakhulu ifosili yefuweli, ngokukodwa irhasi yendalo, zombini njengendawo yokutya hydrogen Njengomthombo wamandla ombane amaqondo obushushu obuphezulu, ukuphendula okuninzi. Le nkqubo ngumthombo obalulekileyo we umoya omdaka (Co₂) Ukukhuphela, indawo enkulu eluhlaza irhasi. Njengoko umhlaba usiya ehlabathini, i igesi yezamashishini Icandelo lifuna ngenkuthalo iindlela zokucoca yenza i-ammonia.

Olu celomngeni lunike ingcinga ye "I-Ammonia eluhlaza." Yi le I-Ammonia Iphucwe kusetyenziswa inkqubo ekhululekile ngokupheleleyo kukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni. I synthesis Indlela efanayo, kodwa igalelo lahlukile. I hydrogen iveliswa nge-elektrolysis ye-elektrolys exhotywe yimithombo yamandla ahlaziyiweyo njengomoya okanye yelanga, kunye ne initrogen isahlulela emoyeni. Isiphumo I-Ammonia Imolekyuli iyafana, kodwa imveliso yawo ishiya indawo encinci yendalo. Ngelixa zibiza kakhulu kunendlela zemveli, iindleko ze I-Ammonia eluhlaza kulindeleke ukuba inciphe njengamandla ahlaziyiweyo abe ngamaxabiso aphantsi kwaye axhaphake ngakumbi.

Nangona I-Ammonia ngokwayo ingaba yinto engcolileyo ukuba ikhutshwe kwiindlela zamanzi (apho iyenzakalisayo kubomi base-Aquatic), eyona nto ixhalabisayo esingqongileyo yimveliso. Inguqu ukuya I-Ammonia eluhlaza imele ithuba elikhulu. Ayihlambululanga nje imveliso ye isichumisi kwaye Iikhemikhali zeMisebenzi Kodwa nezikhundla I-Ammonia Njengomthengi onokubakho kumandla ahlaziyekayo. Umzi mveliso kwindawo yokutshintsha, kwaye njengomvelisi ocinga kwangaphambili-ocinga phambili, siwuphathela ngokusondeleyo kwaye sityala imali kubuchwepheshe obuya kwenza Ukuveliswa kwe-ammonia uzinzo kwizizukulwana ezizayo.

Ungaluqinisekisa njani umgangatho kunye nesiqinisekiso kwi-Ammonia Synthesis?

Ukuze umthengi njengoMark Shen, ishishini lakhe lixhomekeke ekupasani iigesi ukwenza iinkampani, umgangatho kunye nesiqinisekiso azinakuphikiswa. Inqaku lentlungu yobuqhetseba lwesiqinisekiso yinyani kwaye inokuba nemiphumo emibi. Ke, uyiqinisekisa njani i I-Ammonia Uyayithenga ihlangabezana namanqanaba afunekayo kwaye ixhaswa ngamaxwebhu asemthethweni? Inyathelo lokuqala kukufuna isatifikethi sohlalutyo (coa) kwi-batch nganye. Olu xwebhu, olunikezwe ngumthengisi, iinkcukacha zokuqulunqwa ngqo kwe irhasi, kubandakanya ubunyulu be I-Ammonia kwaye i amanqanaba e-ammonia ukungcola njengamanzi neoyile.

Nangona kunjalo, isatifikethi sithembekile njengenkampani enika yona. Kulapho igama lomthengisi kunye nokungafihli nto kuya kudlala. Umthengisi othembekileyo kufuneka azimisele kwaye akwazi ukuhamba ngeendlela zabo zokulawula umgangatho. Kumzi-mveliso wam, umzekelo, sisebenzisa i-chromatography yerhasi yokuhlalutya iimveliso zethu. Samkela ukuhlolwa kwesithathu kunye nophicotho lwabathengi bethu. Sikholelwa ekwakheni ukuthembana ngokungenabala. Kuya kufuneka ukwazi ukubuza, "ndibonise iilebhu zakho, ndibonise iinkqubo zakho zokuvavanya, ndibonise izatifikethi zakho zolawulo lomgangatho njenge-ISO 9001." Impendulo engaqhelekanga okanye engacacanga yiflegi ebomvu enkulu.

Musa ukoyika ukucela iimbekiselo. Thetha nabanye abathengi, ngakumbi abo bakwingingqi yakho okanye kwishishini. Amava abo okuqala abaluleke kakhulu. Xa uxoxa ngezinto, buza malunga neendlela ezithile abazithathayo ukuthintela ungcoliseko ngexesha lokugcwalisa nokuhambisa. Umzekelo, iisilinda ezinikezelweyo kwiigesi ezithile, njengezinye ezikhethekileyo I-hydrogen cylinder, thintela ungcoliseko olunqamlezileyo. Ekugqibeleni, umgangatho wokuqinisekisa malunga nokukhuthala okufanelekileyo. Ifuna ukubambisana nomthengisi ongakuboniyo nje njengentengiselwano, kodwa njengeqabane elide elinempumelelo kwimpumelelo.

Ngaba iAmmonia ibe yikamva le-oli elicocekileyo?

Esona sicelo sinomdla kwixesha elizayo I-Ammonia Ngaba amandla ayo njenge-zero-carbon ipetroli. Umbono awuyonto intsha, kodwa ifumene intsomi enkulu ekutyhafeni kwehlabathi. Nini I-Ammonia isetyenziswa njenge ipetroli, idibanisa ukuvelisa kuphela initrogen kunye namanzi-hayi umoya omdaka. Oku kwenza ukuba ibe yinto enomdla kakhulu kwifossil fuels, ngakumbi kumacandelo ekunzima ukuhambisa i-elektroniki, njengokuthumela i-Maritime kunye neshishini elinzima.

Eyona nto iphambili I-Ammonia injenge ipetroli kukuxinana kwamandla. Ngelixa kungengabi ngamandla - i-petroli okanye idizili, incinci kakhulu kunokuba icinezelwe hydrogen, kwaye inokugcinwa njengolwelo kwingcinezelo ephakathi kunye nobushushu. Oku kwenza ukuba kube lula kwaye ixabiso eliphantsi ukugcina nokuhambisa izixa ezikhulu. Iziseko zophuhliso zehlabathi zokuvelisa, ukugcina, kunye nokuhambisa I-Ammonia sele ikhona, yinkosi yayo Sebenzisa kwezolimo. Singanyusa le nethiwekhi ikhoyo ukwakha entsha I-Ammonia-Umgangatho ophezulu woqoqosho.

Nangona kunjalo, imiceli mngeni ihleli. I-Ammonia Kunokuba nzima ukuhambisana, kwaye ukudibanisa kwayo ngamanye amaxesha kunokubangela i-nitrogen oxiden (i-nox), engcoliseko eyingozi, nangona itekhnoloji iphuhliswa ukunciphisa oku. Owona mqobo mkhulu uyawukhulisa Ukuveliswa kwe-ammonia eluhlaza Ukudibana kwemfuno enokubakho. Kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuba i-tenaling. I-Ammonia inokubakho Yiba yindlela ephambili esiyigcinayo kwaye ithutha amandla ahlaziyiweyo ukusuka kwimimandla enelanga nenomoya ukuya kulwakhiwo lwehlabathi kwihlabathi liphela. Njengomvelisi wobabini I-Ammonia kunye necandelo layo gesi, siphambili kolu hlaselo lunokwenzeka, ukulungele ukubonelela hydrogen kwaye initrogen ifuneka ukulawula ikamva lokucoca.

Yintoni omele uyijonge kumthengisi oqinisekileyo we-ammonia?

Ukufumana umthengisi ofanelekileyo malunga nexabiso nje. Kumnini-shishini njengoMark, malunga nokufumana iqabane lakho elinokuphelisa amanqaku eentlungu ezinjengee-Gaps zonxibelelwano kunye nokulibaziseka. Okokuqala nokuphambili, jonga ubungcali. Ngaba umboneleli uyaqonda izinto zobugcisa ze irhasi, izicelo zayo, kunye neemfuno zokhuseleko? Ummeli wentengiso onokuqiqa unokuba sisibonelelo esixabisekileyo, esinceda usombulule iingxaki kunokuthatha iodolo. Njenge-allen, ndiqinisekisa ukuba iqela lam liqeqeshekile ukuba lingathengisi, kodwa kwiziseko ze igesi yezamashishini izicelo.

Okwesibini, vavanya ukuvelisa kwabo kunye nempahla. Umzi-mveliso unemigca emininzi yokuvelisa, njengezethu, eyakhiwe-endaweni yokuphinda-phinda, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wenqaku elinye lokungaphumeleli kubangela ukulibaziseka. Buza malunga nolawulo lwabo lokuthengwa kwempahla. Baphatha njani ukuthunyelwa? Ngawaphi amaxesha abo aqhelekileyo? Ngaba banamava ngaphandle kwilizwe lakho kunye nokuphatha amasiko? Umthengisi onerekhodi eqinisekisiweyo yokuhanjiswa kwakwi-USA, iYurophu, okanye iOstreliya, okanye iOstreliya ibonisa inqanaba lezinto ezinokukunika uxolo lwengqondo. Kufuneka bakwazi ukubonelela nje I-Ammonia, kodwa luluhlu olupheleleyo lweemveliso ioksijini kwaye umoya omdaka.

Ekugqibeleni, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, kufuna ukuzibophelela kwintsebenziswano. Oku kuthetha ukuba unxibelelwano olucacileyo, olusebenzayo. Ukuba kukho ukulibaziseka okunokubakho, kufuneka ube ngowokuqala ukwazi, hayi okokugqibela. Kuthetha ukubonelela ngokuqinisekiswa kwenyani, engqinisisiweyo. Kuthetha ukubakho ukuphendula imibuzo kunye nokusebenza ngemiceli mngeni kunye. Umthengisi ofanelekileyo ngumntu ohlawula kwimpumelelo yakho kuba bayazi ukuba ukukhula kwakho kukukhula kwabo. Abathengisi nje Irhasi engenabala ngesilinda; Banika icandelo elinokuthenjwa, eliphezulu lempumelelo yeshishini lakho.

Iqhosha lezitshixo

Njengoko sihlolisise umhlaba we I-Ammonia, kwisiseko sayo synthesis Kunokubakho ngokucocekileyo ipetroli, amanqaku aphambili aphambili avele kuwo nawuphi na umthengi wamashishini:

• I-Ammonia ibalulekile: Sisiseko igesi yezamashishini, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwezolimo, ifriji kunye nemveliso yekhemikhali. Ukubaluleka kwayo akunakugqithiswa.
• Umgangatho yiParamount: Ubunyulu be I-Ammonia, ngakumbi I-ammonia, ngokuthe ngqo ichaphazela ukhuseleko kunye nempumelelo yesicelo sayo. Hlala ufuna kwaye uqinisekise isatifikethi sohlalutyo.
• Ukhuseleko kuqala: I-Ammonia yinto enobungozi. Umthengisi onokuthenjwa kufuneka abonise ukuzibophelela ngokunzulu ekuphatheni okukhuselekileyo, ukugcinwa, kunye neeprothokholi zothutho.
• Ikamva liluhlaza: Umzi mveliso ushukuma ukuya kuzinzo Imveliso ye-Ammonia. Ukusebenzisana nomthengisi wokucinga o phambili kuqinisekisa ukuba i-chain yakho ilungele ikamva.
• Ubambiswano ngexabiso lexabiso: Umthengisi oqinisekileyo unika ngaphezulu kwexabiso lokhuphiswano. Babonelela ngobuchule, unxibelelwano olubonakalayo kunye nokuthembeka ngokuthembekileyo, ukuphelisa ukulibaziseka kwexabiso kunye nemingcipheko.