Khawufane ucinge ngee-chip ezincinci zekhompyuter ezinamandla ethengisa ifowuni yakho, ilaptop yakho yemoto, nemoto yakho. Ezi zixhobo zintsonkothileyo zakhiwa ngokuchaneka okukhulu, kwaye entliziyweni yokuvelisa kwabo kungamandla athule kodwa aqinisekileyo: Iigesi ezikhethekileyo. Eli nqaku likhangela indima ebalulekileyo ezi zinto ze-ultra-gesity geses idlala kwi-semicondcuctor kwaye i-elektroniki Amashishini, acacisa ukuba kutheni uphawula lomgangatho wawo luyenza njani ukufunyanwa yetekhnoloji yethu ixhomekeke kuyo yonke imihla. Cinga ngayo ngolu hlobo: Ezi geses zizinto ezifihlakeleyo ezizenzileyo zanamhlanje i-elektroniki kunokwenzeka. Ukuqonda ukubaluleka kwabo sisitshixo sokuqonda ikamva letekhnoloji.

Hlalani kwiinkcukacha: Indima ebalulekileyo yeGises

Makhe siphonononge yonke le mibuzo ngokweenkcukacha.

1. Yintoni eyenza irhasi ibe "yirhasi ye-semiconduccocy" okanye "irhasi ye-elektroniki"?

Akunjalo kwakona irhasi yenziwa ilingane, ngakumbi xa kuziwa kwinkqubo ebuthathaka ye Yenza i-Semiconductor. I-Semiconductor Gases, kwaziwa njenge Iigesi ezikhethekileyo ze-elektroniki, inenqanaba eliphezulu eliphezulu ubunyulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba baphantse badityaniswa ngokupheleleyo irhasi, kunye nezixa-mali ezincinci zezinye izinto, zihlala zilinganiswe kwiindawo kwibhiliyoni nganye (PPB). Ngokungafaniyo I-Bulk Gases isetyenziswe kwamanye amashishini, ezi Iigesi ezikhethekileyo zigcwele iipropathi zabo zekhemikhali kunye nokukwazi kwabo ukwenza imisebenzi echanekileyo kwi ukufunyanwa ye-intrate Izixhobo ze-elektroniki. Ezi I-Gases isetyenzisiwe hayi nje izinto ezingafunekiyo, kodwa njengabathathi-nxaxheba abasebenzayo Ukuphendula kweekhemikhali eyakha Izixhobo ze-semicondcuctor.

Ukuchazwa kwenqanaba le Irhasi ye-elektroniki ilawulwa Inkqubo yokucoceka kwegesi. Ezi Iigesi kunye nomxube wegesi zihlala zisebenza okanye I-InErt, bakhethwe ngononophelo amandla abo i-etch, dope, okanye wenze iileyili ezithile kwi I-Silicon wafer. Umzekelo, ezinye igesi zisetyenziselwa ukufaka iifilimu ezincinci (ifayile), ngelixa ezinye zisetyenziswa kwi i-etchInkqubo yokususa izinto ezingafunekiyo. I i-ring Iimfuneko ze Ishishini le-elektroniki ibango Izinto zokubonelela ngokucocekileyo Ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kunye nokusebenza kwelokugqibela Izixhobo ze-elektroniki. Unokuphonononga uluhlu lwethu lwegesi ukuqonda iyantlukwano.

2. Kutheni le nto i-Ultra igxile kakhulu kwiigesi ezisetyenziswa kwi-semiconductor ye-semicondcus?

Khawufane ucinge ukuzama ukwakha i-skyscraper ngesitena se-shaky-ayizukusebenza. Ngokufanayo, i ukufunyanwa ye I-Semiconductor Ii-chips zifuna I-Ultra-subight ephezulu. Nditsho nexabiso le ukungcola kwi I-Gases isetyenzisiwe inokuba nemiphumo emibi. Ezi ukungcola izinto, njenge Ioksijini kunye nokufuma, inokuphazamisa ukuthambisa Ukuphendula kweekhemikhali ngexesha Imveliso ye-semicondcuct, ekhokelela kwiziphene kwaye ekugqibeleni, ukusilela kwe Izixhobo ze-semicondcuctor.

I Inqanaba lokucoceka ifunekayo Igesi kwi-semicondcuction imveliso i Phakathi kweyona nto ingqongqo emhlabeni. Sithetha I-Ultra-subight ephezulu, nkqu naziphi na iimali ezizigidi zeebhiliyoni zezinto ezingcolileyo zinokuba yingozi. Umzekelo, ubukho bezinto ezingafunekiyo ions inokutshintsha iipropathi zombane ze isilicon, ukunikezela i-wafer ayinamsebenzi. Yiyo le nto ifihlakeleyo ulawulo lwemeko kwaye ndihambile ukucocwa Iindlela zobuchule zibaluleke kakhulu kulo naliphi na umboneleli ye I-Semiconductor Gases. Cinga ngayo njengokubhaka ikhekhe - nokuba incinci yesithako esingalunganga sinokuyonakalisa yonke loo nto.

3. Zeziphi iigesi eziphi i-Gases zezorhwebo lomzi mveliso we-semicondcuctor?

Ngelixa uninzi Iigesi ezikhethekileyo Dlala indima, ezinye zingabasebenzi Umzi mveliso we-semicondcuctor. Initrogen isetyenziswa kakhulu njenge I-InErt irhasi Ukwenza imeko elawulwayo, ukuthintela ukungafuneki Ukuphendula kweekhemikhali. Argon, enye I-InErt irhasi enqabileyo, nayo ibalulekile ekwenzeni ezi meko zilawulwa, ngakumbi kwi-sputter kunye nezinye ifayile iinkqubo. Hydrogen Idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunciphiseni oxide iileyithi kunye nomphamsi irhasi.

Ngaphaya kwezi, ioksijini isetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ze-oxidation ukwenza i-silicon dioxide, impahla ebalulekileyo yokuthambisa. Umoya omdaka Fumana izicelo ezithile i-etchIinkqubo ze-Eng. Helium, enye irhasi enqabileyo, isetyenziselwa ukuvuzwa okuvunyiweyo kunye ne-FROGENIC yokuphola. Ukuqonda ipropathi ethile nganye irhasi kubalulekile ukuba ndisebenze amanqanaba ahlukeneyo I-Semiconduct Food. Kanye nje izixhobo ezahlukeneyo eziyimfuneko kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, eyahlukileyo igesi ziyafuneka kumanyathelo ahlukeneyo ekwenzeni i-chip. Unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nomgangatho wethu I-nitrogen cylinder Khetha ukhetho.

4. Isetyenziswe njani i-hydrogen ngokukodwa kwimveliso ye-semiconductor kunye nemveliso ye-elektroniki?

Hydrogen yindawo yokutshintsha irhasi ngezicelo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo kwi I-Semiconductor kwaye Ukuvelisa i-elektroniki. Olunye lwezinto zalo eziphambili kukuncitshiswa kwensimbi oxides. Ngexesha elithile I-Semiconduct Food, engafunekiyo oxide Iileyiki zinokwenziwa kwi I-Silicon wafer. Ukucoceka okuphezulu hydrogen Izenzo njengearhente yokunciphisa, phendula nge oxide ukuyisusa kwaye ishiye icocekile isilicon umphezulu.

Ngapha koko, hydrogen ihlala isetyenziswa njengomsitho irhasi Ngokohlukileyo ifayile iinkqubo. Kuyanceda ukuthutha ezinye izinto ezisebenzayo igesi kwi i-wafer Umphezulu ngendlela elawulwayo, qinisekisa ukukhula kwefilimu efanayo. Ukugxila okwandayo kokuzinza kukuqhuba inzala ngaphakathi i-hydrogen eluhlaza ngezi zicelo. Ulawulo oluchanekileyo olunikezelwa hydrogen Iyenza isixhobo esibalulekileyo ekwenzeni izakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo ze microchips. Sinikezela ngokuthembekileyo I-hydrogen cylinder Izisombululo zeemfuno zakho.

5. Yeyiphi indima edlalwa yi-nitrogen ekuqinisekiseni umgangatho kumzi mveliso we-semicondcuctor?

Initrogen yi-obiquiting kwaye ibalulekile irhasi kwi Umzi mveliso we-semicondcuctor, ngokuyintloko ngenxa yayo I-InErt indalo. Indima yayo ephambili kukudala kwaye ugcine imeko-moya ingena kwizinto ezisebenzayo ioksijini kunye nokufuma, okunokungcolisa ezibuthathaka Izixhobo ze-semicondcuct kwaye uphazamise Ukuphendula kweekhemikhali. Yicinge njengengubo yokukhusela inkqubo yokuphucula.

Ngaphaya kwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo I-Semiconduct Food, ukukhula kwekristali ukuya i-wafer Ukulungiswa kunye nendibano, initrogen isetyenziselwa ukuhlambulula izixhobo, zenze indawo ecocekileyo, kunye nokukhusela i-oxidation. Oku kunceda ekunciphiseni iziphene kwaye kuqinisekiswe umgangatho ophezulu kunye nokuthembeka kokugqibela Izixhobo ze-semicondcuctor. Ukubonelelwa okungaguqukiyo nothembekileyo initrogen Kuyinto eyoyikisayo Abavelisi be-semicondontctors. Jonga eyahlukeneyo Initrogen Ukukhetha ukubonelela ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuveliswa kwakho kuqhuba kakuhle.

6. Kutheni le nto i-argon idla ngokukhethwa njengegesi ye-interter kwiinkqubo ze-semicondcuctor?

Iyelelene kwi initrogen, Argon yintle irhasi kwaye ngoko ngamachiza I-InErt, yenze ukhetho oluhle kakhulu lokwenza i-atmopheds elawulwayo ngaphakathi Iinkqubo ze-semicondcuctor. Ngelixa initrogen isetyenziswe ngokubanzi, Argon inika izibonelelo ezithile kwizicelo ezithile. Ubunzima bayo obuphezulu buthelekiswa nawo initrogen yenza ukuba isebenze ngakumbi ekuthinteleni ukwahluka okungafunekiyo ukungcola iiathom.

Argon iqhelekile isetyenziswa kwi-sputter, a ifayile ubuchule apho i-suget i-bomedd kunye ions, kubangela i-athom ikhutshwe kwaye ifakwe njengefilimu ecekeceke kwi i-wafer. I-Intertud yayo iyathintela ekusebenzeni ngezinto ekujoliswe kuzo okanye ifilimu ebekiweyo. Argon isetyenziswa kwiplasma i-etchIinkqubo ze-Eng. Njenge initrogen, ukubonelelwa okungaguqukiyo kokucoceka okuphezulu Argon ibalulekile ekugcineni ingqibelelo ye Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwemveliso. Cinga ngokukholwa kwethu I-Argon Sylinder yeRhasi Izinketho zendawo yakho.

7. Ngaphandle kweziseko: Zeziphi ezinye iigesi ezikhethekileyo ze-elektroniki zibalulekile?

Ngelixa hydrogen, initrogen, kwaye Argon i-sisetion, uluhlu lwelinye Iigesi ezikhethekileyo ze-elektroniki zibalulekile kwizicelo ezithile ngaphakathi Yenza i-Semiconductor. Phosphine sisitshixo idepant Umthombo wokuzisa i-phosphorus kwi isilicon, Ukutshintsha iMpazamo yombane. Ngokufanayo, i-Arsine (iqulethe i-arsenic) kunye neDiborane (equlathe boron) zisetyenziswa njenge idepants.

Helium, ukukhanya irhasi enqabileyo, isetyenziselwa ukuvuza okuvunayo kwiinkqubo ze-vacuum kwaye njengearhente yokupholisa ngenxa yendawo yokubila ephantsi. I-fluorine-Contain igesi, ezinje nge-sulfure hexisluoride, isetyenziswa kwiPlasma i-etchngenxa yokukwazi kwabo ukukhetha izixhobo. Indibaniselwano ethile ye Iigesi kunye nomxube wegesi isetyenzisiwe kuxhomekeke kuchanekile Iinkqubo ze-semicondcuctor ukubandakanyeka. Sinikezela ngokubanzi Uluhlu lweegesi Ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zomsebenzi ezahlukeneyo.

8. Ngawaphi amanyathelo aphumeleleyo okuqinisekisa ubunyulu obuphezulu be-semiconductorge?

Ukugcina i i-ultra icocekile ye I-Semiconductor Gases ifuna indlela enesimilo esihlukeneyo kunye i-ring Amanyathelo kuwo onke amabakala, ukusuka kwimveliso ukuya kuziswa. Ukucocwa Iinkqubo zibandakanya ubuchwephesha obuqhubela phambili njengedilifa, i-adsorvotion, kunye nokwahlulahlula i-membrane ukususa i-trace i-trace yexabiso le ukungcola. Inobunkunkqele uhlalutyoIsetyenziselwa ukuqhubeka nokubeka iliso Ucoceko lwegesi.

Isilindas esetyenziselwa ukugcina nokuhambisa ezi igesi Yenza ucoceko olungqongqo kunye novavanyo lokuthintela ungcoliseko. UmboneleliI-S kweli shishini kufuneka ilandele iphezulu ulawulo lwemeko Imigangatho kwaye ihlala ibamba iziqinisekiso ezibonisa amandla abo okufezekisa ezi mfuno zifunwayo. Yonke into ethengiswayo yenzelwe ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokwazisa nakweyiphi na ukungcola kwezi zinto zibalulekileyo. Umzi-mveliso wethu unemigca yemveliso yesi-7 iqinisekisa eyona migangatho iphezulu yobunyulu.

9. Ukungcola kwiGemimonductor Gases ichaphazela njani imveliso yokugqibela ye-elektroniki?

Impembelelo yexabiso leminatha ukungcola ngaphakathi I-Semiconductor Gases inokubaluleka, ekhokelela kwiziphene kwaye incitshiswe ukusebenza kwelokugqibela Izixhobo ze-elektroniki. Ungcoliseko unokuphazamisa ubuncwane Ukuphendula kweekhemikhali ngexesha ifayile kwaye i-etchIng, ekhokelela kwi-on-tiders engeyiyo okanye i-etchi engafunekiyo. Ukungcola I-atom inakho ukubandakanywa kwi isilicon I-lagece, iguqula iipropathi zayo zombane kwaye zinokubangela ukungaphumeleli kwecebo.

Ekugqibeleni, ukungcola inokunciphisa isivuno sokusebenza Izixhobo ze-semicondcuctor, yandisa iindleko zemveliso, kwaye ulalanise ukuthembeka kwe-Reder i-elektroniki. Yiyo le nto Umzi mveliso we-semicondcuctor Iindawo ezigxininisa kakhulu kwi Ucoceko lwegesi kwaye isebenza ngokusondeleyo nayo umbonelelis onokuqinisekisa okufunekayo I-Ultra-subight ephezulu. Khawufane ucinge ngesipeni esinye sothuli lonakalisa isiphaluka se microscopic - sisikali somceli mngeni.

I-10. Ukujonga phambili: zeziphi iimeko zexesha elizayo kwiigesi ze-semicondcuct kunye ne-elektroniki?

I Umzi mveliso we-semicondcuctor ihlala ivela, kwaye imfuno I-Semiconductor Gases bayatshintsha ngayo. Izinto eziqhubekayo zibandakanya isidingo esandayo sexeshana ngaphezulu Igesi Njengobukhulu bobukhulu kwi-chips shrink. Kukho nokugxila okukhulayo ekuphuhliseni okutsha Iigesi ezikhethekileyo kwaye Iigesi kunye nomxube Ngeempawu eziphuculweyo zeendlela eziphambili zemveliso yokuvelisa.

Ukuzinza komnye umqhubi ophambili, kunye nomdla owonyusayo kwi i-hydrogen eluhlaza kunye nezinye izinto ezinobuhlobo igesi. Uphuhliso lwe-Advanced uhlalutyo Itekhnoloji yokufumanisa amanqanaba asezantsi e ukungcola iya kuba yinto ebalulekileyo. Ikamva le i-elektroniki Inxibelelene kakhulu kwinkqubela phambili kwimveliso kunye nokuphatha kwezi zinto zibalulekileyo igesi.

I-Getays ephambili: ukubaluleka kwe-semiconductor gases

• Iigesi ezikhethekileyo nge I-Ultra-subight ephezulu zibalulekile I-semiconductor kunye nemveliso ye-elektroniki.
• Nditsho nexabiso le ukungcola inokufumana kakhulu umgangatho kunye nokuthembeka kwe Izixhobo ze-elektroniki.
• Initrogen kwaye Argon zibalulekile ekwenzeni I-InErt I-Atmospheres, ngelixa hydrogen ibalulekile ekunciphiseni kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezicelo ezithwala.
• Uluhlu lwenye Iigesi ezikhethekileyo ze-elektroniki, njenge phosphine kwaye helium, zisetyenziselwa iinkqubo ezithile.
• Amanyathelo angqongqo akwindawo yokuqinisekisa i Ucoceko oluphezulu kwezi igesi Kuyo yonke intonga yokuhambisa.
• Ikamva le Ishishini le-elektroniki Kuxhomekeka ekubeni iqhubekeke libe litsha kwi Igesi ye-semiconductor Itekhnoloji.

Ngokuthembeka Izinto zokubonelela ngokucocekileyo Iigesi zemizi-mveliso, kubandakanya initrogen, Argon, kwaye hydrogen, Qhagamshelana nathi kwigesi yeHuazhong. Unokuphonononga iminikelo yethu ye Iqondo lobushushu eliphantsi igesi yegesi kunye noluhlu lwethu lwe I-Argon Sylinder yeRhasi.