Molo, ndingu-Allen, kwaye ukusuka kwindawo yam yokubona apha eTshayina, ukongamela imigca yethu yokuvelisa igesi esixhenxe, ndiye ndazibonela ngokwam ukuvela kwezinto ngendlela emangalisayo. Irhasi ekhethekileyo ishishini. Eli nqaku lelinye ishishini kunye namagosa okuthengwa kwempahla enjengoMark Shen e-USA, ojonge ukujikeleza i Imakethi yerhasi ye-elektroniki. Ukuba ukhangela Iigesi zemizi-mveliso kwaye ufuna ukuqonda amandla emarike, uqinisekise umgangatho, kwaye ufumane amaqabane athembekileyo, ke le dive inzulu yeyakho. Siza kuhlolisisa i Imakethi ye-elektroniki yehlabathi, ukujonga ukukhula, abadlali abaphambili, kunye nendlela yokwenza izigqibo ezizizo. Oku akuyonto nje enye Ingxelo yeNtengiso; sisikhokelo sokukunceda ukuba wenze ngcono ukuthenga kwakho Iigesi ezikhethekileyo ze-elektroniki kwaye uhlale uphambili kumhlaba wokhuphiswano. Uya kufumana ixabiso Imarike kwicandelo elisisiseko kubuchwephesha bale mihla.

Ukuqonda izinto ezibalulekileyo: Zithini kanye kanye le gesesty kwaye kutheni le nto i-elektroniki ye-elektroniki ibalulekile?

Masiqale ngeziseko. Yintoni na Iigesi ezikhethekileyo? Ngokungafaniyo neegesi eziqhelekileyo zezamashishini ezisetyenziswa kwimitha enkulu yezicelo ezibanzi (njengeoksijini ye-Steeelmen okanye i-nitrogen yokutya), Iigesi ezikhethekileyo ziigesi eziphezulu eziphezulu okanye umxube wegesi oqinisekileyo. Zichazwa ngokufunyanwa kwabo, ukucoceka, okanye ukwakhiwa okuthile, okubenza balungele izicelo ezizodwa. Cinga ngazo njengezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zegazi. I Imakethi yegesi ibandakanya zombini, kodwa Imakethi ye-Gases ekhethekileyo I-CETRS kwi-niche ngakumbi, iimfuno zetekhnoloji ephezulu.

Ngoku, kolu luhlu, Iigesi ezikhethekileyo ze-elektroniki yindawo ebaluleke kakhulu. Ezi ziigesi ze-Ultra-gesity kunye nemixube ethile esetyenziswa ngqo kwi Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwemveliso ye Izinto ze-elektroniki kunye nezixhobo. Iimfuno zokucoceka apha zihlala zihlala zigqithisile - cinga amalungu kwibhiliyoni nganye okanye kwinxalenye yamanqanaba obrini amanqanaba eenkolelo. Kutheni le nto iqumrhu? Kuba kwaneyona nto imangalisayo i-tinant ingonakalisa i-microchip okanye isikrini sokubonisa esiphambili. Ezi Iigesi ze-elektroniki Ngaba amaqhawekazi angangcungxwanga emva kwee-smartphones kwiipokotho zethu, iicocko kwiidesika zethu, kunye nezixhobo zezonyango ezinobunzima bokusindisa ubomi. Ingqibelelo ye Irhasi eyodwa ye-elektroniki Impembelelo ngqo isivuno kunye nokusebenza kwe Izixhobo ze-elektroniki eziphambili.

I Ibango le-Gases ekhethekileyo esetyenzisiweyo kwi Ishishini le-elektroniki iye yanda ngenxa yokuba iteknoloji yanamhlanje ixhomekeke kwizinto ezincinci nezinamandla ngakumbi. Njengomnini wefektri eTshayina, ndiyibonile le mfuno ikhula unyaka nonyaka. Iinkampani ezibandakanyekayo Imveliso yegesi Kweli candelo, njengezethu, tyala kakhulu itekhnoloji yokucoca kunye nezixhobo zokuhlalutya ukuhlangabezana nale migangatho. Ke, xa sithetha ngayo Irhasi eyodwa ye-elektroniki, sixoxa ngemveliso apho umgangatho ungeyonto nje; sisiseko siphela.

I-Publing Invelge: Kutheni le nto i-elektroniki ye-elektroniki inikela ubungqina lokukhula okuqhushumbe?

I Imakethi yerhasi ye-elektroniki ayikhuli nje; iyakhula! Ziliqela izinto eziphembelela oku kubalulekileyo Ukukhula kwentengiso. Okokuqala, ukwandiswa okungapheliyo kwe Ishishini le-elektroniki ngokwayo ngumqhubi ophambili. Cinga nge-Intanethi yezinto (ioio), itekhnoloji ye-5g, ubukrelekrele be-articicnce (AI), kunye nezithuthi zombane. Zonke ezi zinto ziyingozi zixhomekeke kakhulu kwi-Advanced I-Semiconductor chips kunye ne-chips Izixhobo ze-elektroniki, nganye efuna i-tite ye Iigesi ezikhethekileyo ze-elektroniki kwimveliso yabo. Oku kudala okuqhubekayo kunye nokunyuka Ibango le-elektroniki ye-elektroniki.

Okwesibini, ubunzima kunye nobuncinci be Izinto ze-elektroniki kuthetha ukuba Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwemveliso iyanda kakhulu. Abahambisi beendlela ezincinci kunye nesekethe engaphezulu kakhulu ifuna amanqanaba aphezulu ococeko kunye nokuxhaphaka ngakumbi Irhasi ekhethekileyo Ifomula. Le meko ifuthe ngqo Ubungakanani bentengiso ye-elektroniki, ukuyityhalela kwiindawo eziphakamileyo. Sibona indlela ecacileyo eya phezulu kwi Imakethi ye-elektroniki yehlabathi. Ngokutsho kwabanye Iingxelo zophando zentengiso, I-Electronics ye-Electronics ye-Elects Gases Iqinisekisiwe ukuba iqhubeke ukukhula kwayo okuqinileyo, kunye nenqanaba lokukhula minyaka le (i-chagr) ephuma kwamanye amacandelo amashishini amaninzi.

Okokugqibela, i-shillical yendawo Ukuvelisa i-elektroniki dlala indima. Ngelixa imimandla emiselweyo iyaqhubeka nokungena, i-uqoqosho oluvelayo likwaphaphazela I-Semiconductor kwaye Ukuvelisa i-elektroniki amandla. Le Ukwandiswa kweMarike Kwinqanaba lehlabathi linegalelo kulo lonke Ukukhula kweNtengiso. Njengomthengisi, sihlala sihlengahlengisa iimeko zethu Imveliso yegesi kunye nokubonelela ngemixokelelwane yokuhlangabezana ne-Dynamic Imakethi yegesi. I Ibango le-Gases ekhethekileyo Ngaba ukubonakaliswa ngokuthe ngqo kwelizwe lethu lokuqhubela phambili, kunye ne Imakethi yerhasi ye-elektroniki isentliziyweni yolu tshintsho. I Ukusetyenziswa kwe-elektroniki iigesi ziya zixhaphaka ngakumbi, zityhala imida yento enokwenzeka kubuchwephesha.

Ukuhlazisa imfuno: Zeziphi iinxalenye eziphambili zentengiso yentengiso ye-elektroniki ekhethekileyo?

I Imakethi ye-elektroniki ye-elektroniki iyahluka, ngesitshixo esiliqela I-Geements ye-elektroniki Umhlaba wegesi usekwe kuhlobo lwegesi, isicelo, kunye nococeko. Ukuqonda ezi candelo kunokunceda abathengi njengophawu lokuthenga izigqibo.

Enye indlela eya kwicandelo Imakethi ye-Gases ekhethekileyo ngohlobo lwe I-Gases isetyenzisiwe. Oku kubandakanya:

• I-Bulk Gases: Ngelixa ihlala ithathwa njengezimilimo zeshishini, i-ultra-chary yeegesi ezifana Initrogen, Argon, Helheum, kunye ne-hydrogen ingesisekele kwi-elektroniki. Zisetyenziselwa ukudala i-InErt ye-InErt, ukuhlalisa, kunye neGases yeTarrier.
• I-halocarbons ze-elektroniki (kubandakanya i-fluorocarbons ze-elektroniki): I-Gases inje nge-NF Ukuvelisa i-semicondcuction.
• I-Silicon Gases: ISilane (Sih₄) kunye nee-Drivatives zayo (njengeDichlorosilane) zibalulekile ekufakeni idipozithi, inyathelo elisisiseko kwi-Chip Finations.
• Iigesi zeDopant: I-Arsine (AsH₃), i-Phosphine (PH₃), kunye ne-Diborane (B₂H₆) zisetyenziswa kwiimali ezincinci, ezilawulwayo kwi-silicon ye-'dope', ukuguqula ukuhanjiswa kombane ukwenza i-transistors. Ezi zikhethekileyo Iigesi ezikhethekileyo ze-elektroniki.
• Igesi enqabileyo: I-Neon, krypton, kunye I-Xenon (njenge-99.999% i-50l cylinder xenon igesi) zisetyenziswa kwii-lasers zeliligraphy, ukukhanya, kunye nezinye iinkqubo ze-niche.
• Ezinye iigesi ezikhethekileyo kunye nemixube: Oku kubandakanya uluhlu olubanzi lwe Iigesi kunye nomxube njenge Umoya omdaka, I-carbon monoxide, i-amonia, kunye ne-ranses yesiko eyahlukeneyo elilungelelaniswe amanyathelo athile kwi Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwemveliso.

Elinye icandelo eliphambili lokufumana isicelo. Isicelo esomeleleyo ngokungathandabuzekiyo Ukuvelisa i-semicondcuction. Nangona kunjalo, I-elektroniki ye-elektroniki idlala Iindima ezibalulekileyo kwi:

• Imiboniso yepaneli yeflethi (FPDS): Ukwenza i-LCD, odale, kunye nezinye Ukubonisa itekhnoloji.
• I-LEDS (i-Deods yokukhanya): Ukuveliswa kokukhanya okufanelekileyo kwamandla kunye nemiboniso.
• Iiseli zelanga (iifotovoltaics): Ukutyibilika kweeseli zefotovoltaic.

I ukwabelana kwimakethi Ngamnye waba I-Geements ye-elektroniki Imakethi yegesi iyahluka, kunye Amashishini ase-semicondontries Ngokwesiqhelo ubambe eyona ndawo inkulu ngenxa yomthamo wamasher kunye neendidi ze Iigesi zisetyenziswa ngokwahlukeneyo amanqanaba. Njenge Umzi mveliso wemveliso ye-elektroniki iyaqhubeka ivele, kunjalo Ibango le-Gases ekhethekileyo ngaphakathi kwezi ndawo.

Umhlaba wokhuphiswano: Ngoobani abadlali abaphambili abakhetha isabelo se-elektroniki ye-elektroniki?

I Imakethi ye-elektroniki yehlabathi iphawulwa ngumxube wamashishini amakhulu emibhodlo kunye nabadlali bengingqi abakhethekileyo. Ukuqonda ukuba ngubani oyena Mkhulu Abadlali beentengiso zinokubonelela ngokuqonda I-Dynamics yeNtengiso kunye nezinto ezintsha ezinobuchule. Iinkampani ezinje nge Linde (edityaniswe ngepraxair), Iimveliso zomoya kunye neekhemikhali, Inc., Isiselo sotywala bomoya, kunye ne-Taiyo Nippon Sansto I-SANNO idla ngokucandwa njenge Abadlali abaphambili kwi-elektroniki icandelo legesi. Ezi ntlobo zineenethiwekhi ezibanzi zehlabathi, iZakhono ezibalulekileyo ze-R & D, kunye nephothifoliyo ebanzi ye Irhasi ekhethekileyo iimveliso.

Ezi zinkulu Abadlali kwi-elektroniki ekhethekileyo Imakethi yegesi tyala kakhulu Imveliso yegesi Itekhnoloji, ubuchwepheshe bokuCoca, kunye neenkqubo zokulawula ezisemgangathweni ukuya kudibana nengqongqo Iimfuno zoShishino lwe-Elektroniki. Bahlala besebenza ngokusondeleyo I-Semiconductor abavelisi baphuhlise entsha Iigesi kunye nomxube iinkqubo ezilandelayo. Baninzi kakhulu ukwabelana kwimakethi sisiphumo samashumi eminyaka amava, ukubonelela ngokungaguqukiyo, kunye neenkonzo ezibanzi. Njengokuba, Iimveliso zomoya Ubukho obuqinileyo ekuboneleleni Iigesi eziPhezulu-eziPhezulu kwi Ukuvelisa i-elektroniki icandelo. Ngokufanayo, Linde inikezela ngokubanzi Uluhlu lweegesi ezikhethekileyo ilungiselelwe izicelo ezahlukeneyo ze-elektroniki.

Nangona kunjalo, Imakethi ye-Gases ekhethekileyo Ikwabandakanya nabanye abathengisi abanobuchule, kubandakanywa neenkampani ezinjengezethu e-China, egxile ekunikezeleni umgangatho ophezulu Iigesi ezikhethekileyo ze-elektroniki Ngeenzuzo ezikhuphisanayo, ngakumbi ngokubhekisele ekunikezelweni kweendleko kunye nokusebenza kweendleko. Amagosa amaninzi okuthengwa kwempahla, njengoMarko, fumana ixabiso lokukhulisa isiseko sabo kwaye usebenze neefektri ezinokunika zombini umgangatho kunye nempumelelo Imveliso yegesi ekhethekileyo. Eyona nto iphambili kukuchonga abathengisi abanokuhlangabezana ngqo ngqo ngqo ngqomendo, banike intetho ethembekileyo, kwaye banike isatifikethi esibonakalayo. I Imakethi ye-elektroniki ye-elektroniki yehlabathi kukhuphiswano, eyokugqibela ifumana abathengi ngokuqhuba ubuchule kunye nokusebenza kakuhle phakathi Iigesi ezizodwa kwihlabathi liphela.

 Intliziyo yeTekhnoloji yale mihla: Zibaluleke kangakanani iigesi ezikhethekileyo kwi-gemonductores ye-semicondcucy kunye ne-elektroniki?

Akunakwenzeka ukugqithisa ukubaluleka Iigesi ezikhethekileyo ngaphakathi Ukuvelisa i-semicondcuction kwaye ebanzi Umzi mveliso wemveliso ye-elektroniki. Ezi Igasi idlala indima ebalulekileyo Phantse kwinqanaba ngalinye lokuvelisa i-chips elawula umhlaba wethu wedijithali. Ukulungiselela ukulungiselela i-selicon wafer ukuya kwiphakheji yokugqibela, okhethekileyo Iigesi ezikhethekileyo ze-elektroniki zibalulekile. I Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwemveliso ye I-Semiconductor Kubandakanya amakhulu amanqanaba, uninzi lwayo ngokuxhomekeke kwimpendulo yekhemikhali eququzelelwa zezi gesi.

Cinga ngohambo lwe-silicon wafer:

• Ukucocwa: Iigesi njenge-nitrogen trifluoride (NF₃) isetyenziselwa ukucocwa kweplasma zamagumbi okuchongwa, ukususa intsalela engafunekiyo. Oku kuqinisekisa imeko yentloko yeenkqubo ezilandelayo.
• I-Plations: ISilane (Sih₄) lilitye lembombo Irhasi eyodwa ye-elektroniki Isetyenziselwa i-Vapor Vapor Vapor (CVD) yokubeka phantsi iifilimu ezinqabileyo ze-silicon okanye isilicon diokside. Ezinye iigesi zenza ukuba iifilimu zediliya okanye iifilimu eziqhubayo.
• I-etch: Kulapho iipateni ezintsonkothileyo ziqiniswe kwi-wafer. Iigesi njenge chlorine (cl₂), i-hydrogen bromide (Hbr), kunye ne-Fluorocarbons eyahlukeneyo (E.G.) isetyenziswa kwi-plasma ethathwayo ngokuchaneka okuqinisekileyo. Ukhetho lwe Irhasi ekhethekileyo ichaza i-etch inqanaba kunye neprofayili.
• I-doping: Ukwenza uhambo, ukungcola okuthile kufuneka kwaziswa kwi-silicon. Oku kwenziwa kusetyenziswa i-dopant I-Gases isetyenzisiwe njenge-phosphine (PH₃), i-Arne (Ash₃), okanye iDiborane (B₂h₆). Uxinzelelo lwezi zinto Iigesi ze-elektroniki kufuneka ilawulwe ngokulinganayo.
• I-Lithography: Ngelixa imithombo yokukhanya iphambili isitshixo, i-geses enqabileyo Njengo-Argon (i-AR), krypton (kr), kunye ne-xenon (i-xe) isetyenziswa kwi-commer labers ekhokelela eskers. I-InErt Gases ifana I-Argon Sylinder yeRhasi ikwasetyenziselwa ukwenza i-admosges yokukhusela.

Ngaphaya kwe-semicontuctors, I-elektroniki ye-elektroniki isetyenzisiwe Kwimveliso efihlakeleyo efihlakeleyo, ii-leds, kunye neeseli zelanga. Umzekelo, igesi njenge-ammonia (NH₃) kunye neSilane zisetyenziswa ekuveliseni ii-fil-filing firsustors (i-TFTS) yezikrini ze-LCD. I Imveliso ye-elektroniki izixhobo azinakwenzeka ngaphandle kobonelelo oluthembekileyo lwezi Iigesi eziPhezulu-eziPhezulu. I Izicelo kumzi-mveliso we-semicondcuctor zinzulu, kwaye Iigesi ezixhasa Ezi nkqubo zinenjini kakhulu. I I-Gases ekhethekileyo idlala Indima ethe ngqo kwintsebenzo, ukuthembeka, kunye nexabiso lokugqibela Izixhobo ze-elektroniki.

Ukuhambahamba ngoku: Zeziphi izinto eziphambili zentengiso kwingxelo yentengiso yegesi ekhethekileyo?

I Imakethi ye-Gases ekhethekileyo, ngakumbi i Irhasi eyodwa ye-elektroniki Isahlulo, siphenjelelwa sisitshixo esiliqela I-Dynamics yeNtengiso. Ukuqonda ezi zinto kunokunceda amashishini alindele ukuba itshintshe kwaye icwangcise ngokufanelekileyo. I-goric enye enkulu yesantya esikhawulezayo senkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji kwi Ishishini le-elektroniki. Njengoko izixhobo zihlala zincinci, ngokukhawuleza, kwaye zinamandla ngakumbi (cinga 5g, iitshipsi eziphezulu), inkafuno iphezulu kakhulu Iigesi ezikhethekileyo kunye nenoveli Iigesi kunye nomxube inyuka. Oku kuqhuba ukuqhubeka kwe-R & D ngaphakathi Imveliso yegesi nokuhlanjululwa.

Enye into ebalulekileyo kukunyamezelana kwendlela yegesi kunye nokuqina. Iziganeko ezinjengeebhulukhwe zehlabathi okanye iimbambano zorhwebo zinokuba nefuthe ekufumanekeni kwaye Ixabiso leegesi ezikhethekileyo ze-elektroniki. Oku kukhokelele iinkampani ezininzi, kubandakanya nezo zaseMelika naseYurophu, ukuvavanya kwakhona iindlela zabo zokwabelana, ngamanye amaxesha zikhangela ubudlelwane obahlukeneyo bengingqi okanye ngokuthe ngqo nabavelisi kumazwe anje ngamazwe anje ngamazwe afana namazwe anje ngamazwe afana neChina. I Imakethi ibone ukukhula okukhulu, kodwa ayikho ngaphandle kobunzima bayo. Kuthi njengomzi-mveliso, ukuqinisekisa unikezelo oluzinzileyo lwemathiriyeli ekrwada kunye nokugcinwa kolungiselelo olusebenzayo zizinto eziphambili eziphambili ukunciphisa le mingcipheko kubathengi bethu.

Imigaqo yokusiNgqongileyo kunye nokuZinza kuyanda ngakumbi Imakethi yegesi. Ezinye Iigesi ezikhethekileyo ze-elektroniki, ngakumbi i-fluorocarbons, zinezinto ezishushu zehlabathi eziphakamileyo zehlabathi (GWP). Oku kuqhuba uphando malunga neegesi ezizezinye ngefuthe elisezantsi lokusingqongileyo kunye nokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa ngokukuko kunye nokubuyiswa kwakhona kokukhona Iigesi ezikhethekileyo. Iinkampani ezinje nge Linde kwaye Iimveliso zomoya bathatha inxaxheba kwizisombululo ezihlangeneyo. I Ixabiso eliphezulu le-elektroniki Igesi, idityaniswa nenkxalabo yendalo esingqongileyo, ikhuthaza abavelisi bokwandisa abo Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwemveliso ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwegesi. Ezi I-Dynamics yeNtengiso ibalulekile nakuphi na Ingxelo yeNtengiso okanye uphando lwemakethi kwi Iigesi ezikhethekileyo.

Ukuphindwa kwe-smart: Ungakuqinisekisa njani umgangatho kunye nokuthembeka xa uthenga iigesi ze-elektroniki ezivela eTshayina?

Phawula, ndiyazi enye yeenkxalabo eziphambili xa uthenga Iigesi zemizi-mveliso, ngakumbi Irhasi eyodwa ye-elektroniki, kukuhlolwa komgangatho kunye neziqinisekiso. Oku kuqondakala ngokugqibeleleyo, xa kujongwa indima ebalulekileyo edlalwa zezi gesi. Ukufumana izibonelelo ezivela kumazwe asaphuhlayo njengeTshayina kunokubonelela ngamaxabiso akhuphisanayo, kodwa kubalulekile ukusebenzisana nababoneleli ababeka phambili umgangatho kunye nokungafihli. Njengomnini wefektri apha, mandikhe ndabelane ngezimvo malunga nendlela onokuqinisekisa ngayo ukuba ufumana okona kulungileyo.

Ekuqaleni, Ukukhuthala okufanelekileyo kukuphazamiseka. Musa ukujonga nje ixabiso. Phanda isidima somthengisi, izibonelelo zabo zokuvelisa (ukuba kunokwenzeka, ngokusebenzisa ukhenketho lwenyani okanye uphicotho lomntu wesithathu), kunye neenkqubo zabo zokulawula umgangatho. Buza iinkcukacha ezicacileyo ze Irhasi ekhethekileyo Udinga kwaye uqiniseke ukuba banokudibana rhoqo. Kuba Iigesi ezikhethekileyo ze-elektronikiOku kuthetha ukukhangela amanqanaba ococeko kuhlala kudlula kwi-99.999%. Umzekelo, xa kuthengwa iimveliso ezinjengethu Ioksijini ye-oxygen okanye I-nitrogen cylinder, kufuneka ulindele ukuba amaxwebhu obucoceke.

Isibini, Ukuqinisekiswa komcimbi, kodwa uyawaqinisekisa. Ababoneleli abahloniphekileyo baya kuba nezatifikethi ezifana ne-ISO 9001 (yeenkqubo zolawulo lomgangatho) kunye ne-ISO 14001 (yolawulo lokusingqongileyo). Nangona kunjalo, kulumkele “ubuqhophololo besatifikethi ngamaxesha athile” obukhankanyileyo. Ngalo lonke ixesha zama ukuqinisekisa iziqinisekiso kunye namaqumrhu akhuphayo okanye usebenzise iinkonzo zokuhlola ezithembekileyo zeqela lesithathu. Umniki-nkonzo othembekileyo uya kucaca kwaye ayixhase le nkqubo yokuqinisekisa. Kufuneka babonelele ngeZiqinisekiso zoHlahlelo (CoA) ngebhetshi nganye ye Irhasi ekhethekileyo, echaza ubunyulu kunye namanqanaba okungcola, aqinisekiswe ngabasebenzi bohlalutyo abanjenge-chromatographs yegesi (i-GC) okanye amabala emidlalo (ms). Le yinkqubo esemgangathweni Iigesi eziPhezulu-eziPhezulu.

Isithathu, Seka iindlela ezicacileyo zonxibelelwano. Enye yamanqaku akho entlungu lunxibelelwano olungasebenziyo. Fumana umthengisi kunye nabameli bokuthengisa abaphendulayo nabanolwazi abaqondayo iimfuno zakho - kungekhona nje umyalelo wakho, kodwa isicelo sakho kunye neenkxalabo zakho. Izithintelo zolwimi ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba ngumba, ke qiniseka ukuba iqela ojongene nalo linezithethi zesiNgesi ezichubekileyo. Thina, umzekelo, sibeka phambili unxibelelwano olucacileyo nolusebenzayo ukuthintela ukungaqondani kunye nokulibaziseka. I Ibango le-Gases ekhethekileyo ihlala inobuthathaka, unxibelelwano olusebenzayo luyiqhosha lokugudisa Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwemveliso yeyakho.

Ngaphandle kwemveliso: Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi malunga nempahla kunye ne-chain yoncedo ngeegesi eziphezulu?

Izixhobo ziyinto ebalulekileyo, kodwa ihlala ijongelwa phantsi, into yokufunwa Iigesi ezikhethekileyo ze-elektroniki. Ukhankanya ukulibaziseka kwenqanawa okukhokelela kwiishedyuli zemveliso eziphoswe njengeyona nto iphambili yentlungu, uphawu. Le yinkxalabo eqhelekileyo kwi Intengiso yeHlabathi, ngakumbi Iigesi eziPhezulu-eziPhezulu Oko kufuna ukuphathwa ngokukhethekileyo kunye nokuhamba.

Ukupakisha kunye nokuhamba kwe Iigesi ezikhethekileyo zintsonkothile. Ezi I-Gases isetyenzisiwe Kwiifom ezahlukeneyo-iqhume igesi kwizisilinda, igesi ye-cutefied kwi-Dewors okanye iitanki ze-iso. Inye ifuna iinkqubo eziphathwayo zokugcina ubunyulu kwaye uqinisekise ukhuseleko. Iisilinda kufuneka zinyangwe ngokufanelekileyo, zicocwe, kwaye zidlule ukuze zithintele ungcoliseko. Ngomntu ococekileyo Iigesi ze-elektroniki, nkqu ivalve yesilinda yinxalenye ebalulekileyo. Xa uvavanya umthengisi, buza malunga neendlela zabo zokulungiselela iisilinda kunye nendlela abaqinisekisa ngayo imfezeko Irhasi ekhethekileyo kwisityalo sabo kwiziko lakho.

Ukulibaziseka kokuhambisa kunokwenza izinto ezahlukeneyo: Imicimbi yemveliso, ukucaciswa kwezibuko, ukucocwa kwesiko, iingxaki zokuhamba. Unokuthenjwa Irhasi ekhethekileyo Umthengisi kufuneka abe nendlela yokucwangciswa kwezicwangciso zelogo kwezombane kunye neendlela zokuxakeka. Bafanele:

• Nika amaxesha aphilayo afanelekileyo: Ukungafihlisi malunga nemveliso kunye nexesha lokuhambisa ixesha libalulekile.
• Nikeza ukulandela umkhondo kunye nohlaziyo: Ukukugcina unolwazi malunga nemeko yokuthunyelwa kwakho kukunceda ucwangcise.
• Yiba namava ngokuhambisa kwamanye amazwe: Oku kubandakanya amaxwebhu afanelekileyo kwizinto ezinobungozi (ukuba kuyasebenza) kunye nokuqonda imigaqo yokungenisa / yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe yamazwe njenge-USA, kunye neminye imimandla efana neMntla Melika naseYurophu.
• Sebenza ngemisebenzi eyaziwayo ye-craight: Ubambiswano oluluqilima kwikhonkco lelofics linokwenza umahluko omkhulu.

Ngokuphathelele iindlela zokuhlawula, xoxa ngokukhetha phezulu. Ngelixa iindleko yinto, amagama akhuselekileyo nengabonakaliyo yokuhlawula ibalulekile ekwenzeni ukuthembana. Abathengisi abaninzi baseTshayina bayaguquka kwaye banokusebenza ngeendlela eziqhelekileyo zokuhlawula ezifana nokudluliselwa kwefowuni (T / T) okanye oonobumba betyala (l / c). Amagama amasundu ukuphepha ukudideka kunye neembambano ezinokubakho. Izinto ezifanelekileyo zokusebenza kunye neenkqubo zokuhlawula ezicacileyo zibalulekile njenge Irhasi ekhethekileyo ngokwayo yokugcina iishedyuli zakho zemveliso kunye nenzuzo yeshishini ngokubanzi. I Ingxelo yeNtengiso yeGases ihlala ibalaselisa ukusebenza njengomceli mngeni ophambili kwi Imakethi ye-Gases ekhethekileyo.

Ukujonga phambili: zeziphi izinto ezintsha kunye nokwandiswa kwemarike kulindeleke kwiigesi ezikhethekileyo ze-elektroniki?

I Imakethi yerhasi ye-elektroniki Inamandla, kwaye sinokulindela ukonwabisa izinto ezintsha kwaye siqhubeke Ukwandiswa kweMarike kwiminyaka ezayo. I Ukukhula kwee-elektroniki Icandelo legesi lidibene ne-interfered kunye nendalo Ishishini le-elektroniki ngokwayo. Imvelaphi ephambili kukuphuhliswa kwezinto ezintsha kunye neenkqubo zesizukulwana esilandelayo I-Semiconductor izixhobo. Oku kubandakanya izinto ezinje nge-3d Nand, isango-lonke-wonke-cwaka (Gaa) Inye yezi zinto ziyingozi ziya kufuna intsha okanye iguqulwe Iigesi ezikhethekileyo ze-elektroniki ngokuqina.

Siza kubona ukutyhala okuqhubekayo "kuhlaza" Iigesi ezikhethekileyo. Njengoko imigaqo-siseko yokusingqongileyo iba sisixa, kuya kubakho i-R & D egxile ekufumaneni ezinye iindlela ze Iigesi zisetyenziswa ngokwahlukeneyo Iinkqubo ezine-GWP ephezulu. Oku kunokubandakanya ukuphuhlisa entsha I-elektronikibonsbons ngefuthe elisezantsi lokusingqongileyo okanye ukuphuculwa kwetekhnoloji yokuphinda isebenze kunye nethagement yezakhiwo Irhasi ekhethekileyo iimveliso. Le yindawo apho Abadlali beentengiso njenge Iimveliso zomoya kunye neekhemikhali zityalomali. Olu tshintsho luza kudala Imakethi entsha Ubuhlobo bendalo Iigesi ezikhethekileyo ze-elektroniki.

Ngapha koko, i Ukwandiswa kweMarike ye Ukuvelisa i-elektroniki Kwimimandla emitsha yejografi iya kuqhubeka ukuqhuba Ibango le-Gases ekhethekileyo. Ngelixa iinqaba zemveli zihlala, amazwe ajonge ukugoba uLawulo lwabo lweTekhnoloji batyala imali ngokwabo Amashishini ase-semicondontries. Olu tshintsho lwejografi luza kunyanzelisa amakhonkco ombane owenziyo Iigesi ezikhethekileyo ze-elektroniki. Sikwalindele ukukhula kwimfuno I-Gases ixhasa ubungakanani bengqungquthela, izixhobo eziphezulu zezonyango, kunye ne-elektroniki eguqukayo-zonke ii-olwich ixhomekeke ekhethekileyo Iigesi kunye nomxube. I Ingxelo yeNtengiso ye-Elektroniki Kuya kubalisa izicelo ezihlumayo njengabaqhubi abalulekileyo ukukhula. I Iimfuno zokuvela ze-elektroniki Icandelo lithetha ukuba Imveliso yegesi ekhethekileyo Kufuneka ihlale ilungelelanisa kwaye ingenayo.

Ukudibana kwempumelelo: Ungayifumana njani ishishini legesi yerhasi yakho?

UMark, njengomnini wenkampani othenga indleko eziphantsi Iigesi zemizi-mveliso kwaye ubathengise kwiinkampani zekhemikhali kunye nemveliso yemveliso, ukhetho lwakho lomthengisi luchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgca wakho ongezantsi kunye nodumo. Ukusebenzisana nokuxhomekeka Irhasi ekhethekileyo Umboneleli, ngakumbi ngenxa Iigesi ezikhethekileyo ze-elektroniki, inokunikela ngaphezu kwemveliso nje; ingaba yinzuzo yeqhinga. Umthengisi othembekileyo usebenza njengokwandiswa kweshishini lakho, ekunceda ukuba uhlangabezane neemfuno zabathengi bakho rhoqo.

Umthengisi othembekileyo uyayiqonda ukuba impumelelo yakho yimpumelelo yabo. Ithetha ukuba:

• Umgangatho ongaguqukiyo: Ukuhambisa Iigesi eziPhezulu-eziPhezulu njenge Initrogen okanye Ioksijini Ehlanganisana okanye idlule kwiinkcazo ngalo lonke ixesha, ixhaswe zii-coos ezifanelekileyo. Oku kunciphisa umngcipheko wakho kwaye kuqinisekisa abathengi bakho bafumana umgangatho abawulindeleyo.
• Uncedo oluthembekileyo: Ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kunye nokulibaziseka kokuhambisa. Oku kukunceda ugcine iishedyuli zakho zemveliso kwaye uphephe ixesha lokuphumla kubathengi bakho. Izinketho zoncedo eziguquguqukayo zikwangumphawu olwenziwe kakuhle.
• Amaxabiso okhuphiswano: Ngelixa umgangatho ophambukayo, amaxabiso okhuphiswano anceda ukuba ugcine ingozi yakho yenzuzo. Njengomzi-mveliso ofanelekileyo Imveliso yegesi Imigca, siyakuqonda ukubaluleka kokubonelela ngexabiso.
• Inkxaso yezobugcisa (kwanabathengi abangabhalisi): Nokuba awunabo ubuchwephesha obunzulu, umthengisi wakho kufuneka akwazi ukunika ulwazi olucacileyo kunye nenkxaso, ekunceda ukuba uqonde iimveliso ozithengayo kunye nezicelo zazo.
• Unxibelelwano olusebenzayo: Ukugcina unolwazi malunga neendlela zemakethi, imiba yokuhambisa inokwenzeka, okanye kuphuhliso lwemveliso entsha. Oku kukunceda wenze izigqibo ezingcono.

Ekugqibeleni, ilungelo Irhasi eyodwa ye-elektroniki Umthengisi uba liqabane ekukhuleni kwakho. Bayakunceda ukuba uhambe ubunzima be Imakethi yegesi, ukunciphisa umngcipheko, kunye nokuhambisa ixabiso kubathengi bakho. EHuazhong igesi, sizabalazela ukuba lolo hlobo lweqabane amashishini anjengeyakho e-USA, uMntla Merika, eYurophu nase-Australia. Sikholelwa ukuba ngokugxila kumgangatho, ukuthembeka, kunye nokunxibelelana okuvulekileyo, sinokukunceda uphumelele ekukhuthazeni Imakethi ye-elektroniki ye-elektroniki. I Iigesi ezikhethekileyo zidlala eyona nto ibalulekileyo Indima kwi-Chain yakho yexabiso, kwaye sizibophelele ekuqinisekiseni ukuba le ndima sizaliseka ngaphandle. I Ukukhula kwe-elektroniki Icandelo legesi libonisa amathuba, kwaye linamaqabane afanelekileyo, ungazifumana kubo.

I-fetays eziphambili ekufuneka ikhumbule:

• Iigesi ezizodwa zizixhobo ezichanekileyo: Iigesi ezikhethekileyo ze-elektroniki ziimveliso eziphambili ze-Ultra Ukuvelisa i-elektroniki, ngakumbi kwi I-Semiconductor ishishini.
• Ukukhula kwentengiso yomelele: I Imakethi yerhasi ye-elektroniki ikwakhona Ukukhula kwentengiso, iqhutywa ziinguqu zetekhnoloji kunye nokwanda Ishishini le-elektroniki.
• Umgangatho awunakuphikiswa: Kuba Irhasi eyodwa ye-elektroniki, ukucoceka kunye nokungaguquguquki kubaluleke kakhulu. Soloko uqinisekisa ukulawulwa komgangatho womthengisi kunye nokuqinisekiswa.
• Izinto zokuLungiswa kunye noNxibelelwano ziphambili: Ukuhanjiswa okuthembekileyo kunye nokunxibelelana okucacileyo kweyakho Irhasi ekhethekileyo Umboneleli ubalulekile ukuphepha ukulibaziseka kwemveliso kunye nokuqinisekisa i-chain yolawulo olugudileyo.
• Ukuhlaziywa kwesicwangciso-nkqubo kubalulekile: Khetha abathengisi abanikezela ibhalansi yomgangatho, amaxabiso okhuphiswano, ukuthembeka, kunye nenkonzo elungileyo yabathengi. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu xa ukufunyanwa kumazwe asaphuhlayo.
• Ikamva liyinto entsha: Lindela intsha Irhasi ekhethekileyo UTSHINTSHO LWEZOBUCHULE UKUXELWA KWE-EKHONO ZE-ELDISIC ZE-ELDISIC NOKUGCINWA OKUNGAKUMBI kugcino lwendalo kwi Imakethi yegesi.
• Intsebenziswano ihlawula: Umthengisi oqinisekileyo we Iigesi ezikhethekileyo inokuba liqabane elixabisekileyo, igalelo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kweshishini lakho, isidima, kunye nenzuzo.

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu zishwankathelo ze Irhasi ekhethekileyo kwaye Imakethi yerhasi ye-elektroniki ibiyingqondo, uphawu. Ukuhamba le ntengiso ngokufanelekileyo kunokuba yinto ebalulekileyo kwishishini lakho.