Njengoko ukuveliswa kwemizi-mveliso, ubunjineli be-aerospace, ukhathalelo lwempilo, kunye nokwenziwa kwezixhobo zombane ziqhubeka nokuvela, imfuno yeegesi ezicoceke kakhulu ze-inert iye yanda kakhulu. Phakathi kwezi, i-argon igqama njengeyona nto ibalulekileyo, isetyenziswa ikakhulu ngenxa yokungangeni kwayo okukhethekileyo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zomthamo ophezulu ngokufanelekileyo, amaziko adla ngokugcina le elementi kwimeko yolwelo. Nangona kunjalo, ukulawula ukugcinwa kwe-argon engamanzi bubunjineli obuntsonkothileyo kunye nomngeni wokusebenza ofuna ukuzibophelela okungagungqiyo kukhuseleko.

Ukusebenza kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi ngokungaqhelekanga, cryogenic liquid argon iveza iingozi ezizodwa zomzimba nezendalo. Ukongamela okuncinci ekuphatheni, ukugcinwa kwezixhobo, okanye ukuyila indawo kunokukhokelela kwimiphumo eyintlekele, kubandakanywa ukwenzakala okukhulu kwabasebenzi okanye umonakalo wesakhiwo. Ke ngoko, ukuseka kunye nokunyanzeliswa ngokungqongqo ukhuseleko lwe-argon yolwelo Iiprothokholi azikho nje izinto ezisesikweni zolawulo-yimfuneko yokusebenza ngokupheleleyo.

Esi sikhokelo esibanzi siphonononga iinkqubo zokhuseleko ezibalulekileyo, ulawulo lobunjineli, kunye nezenzo ezilungileyo zokusebenza ezifunekayo ukuze kugcinwe indawo yokugcina i-argon yolwelo ekhuselekileyo nesebenzayo.

1. Ukuqonda iiNgozi zeCryogenic Liquid Argon

Ukuphumeza amanyathelo okhuseleko asebenzayo, abaphathi beziko kunye nabaqhubi kufuneka baqale baqonde ngokunzulu iipropati ezibonakalayo ze-argon kunye neengozi ezithile ezizisayo xa zigcinwe njengolwelo lwe-cryogenic.

1.1 Ubushushu obugqithisileyo kunye nokutshiswa kweCryogenic

Utshintsho lweArgon ukusuka kwirhasi ukuya kulwelo kwindawo yokubila ye -185.8 ° C (-302.4 ° F) phantsi koxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lomoya. Qhagamshelana ne cryogenic liquid argon, okanye kunye nemibhobho engabonakaliyo kunye neenqanawa eziqulethwe kuyo, zingabangela ukutshisa okukhulu kwe-cryogenic kunye ne-frostbite phakathi kwemizuzwana. Ingqele egqithisileyo yenza umkhenkce ulusu kunye nezihlunu ezingaphantsi, nto leyo eyenza umonakalo ofana nokutshisa okukhulu. Ngaphaya koko, ukubamba indawo ebandayo engafakwanga nesikhumba esingenanto kunokubangela ukuba inyama ibambelele kwintsimbi, nto leyo ekhokelela ekukrazukeni okukhulu ekususweni.

1.2 Isoyikiso Esithuleyo: Ukuphefumla

I-Argon yigesi engasebenziyo, engenambala, ayinavumba, nengenancasa. Oku kwenza kube nzima ukubhaqa ngaphandle kwesixhobo esikhethekileyo. Eyona ngozi ibalulekileyo enxulumene nayo ukugcinwa kwe-argon engamanzi lumlinganiselo wayo omkhulu wokwandiswa. Xa i-argon yolwelo ingumphunga, iyanda ngomlinganiselo omalunga nama-840 ukuya kwi-1 kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi.

Ukuba ukuvuza okanye ukuchitheka kwenzeka kwindawo evalelweyo okanye engenamoya kakuhle, igesi ye-argon ekhula ngokukhawuleza iya kushenxisa ioksijini ngokukhawuleza. Ngenxa yokuba i-argon imalunga ne-38% ubunzima kunomoya, ithande ukuhlanganisana kwiindawo ezisezantsi, imisele, kunye neendawo ezivaliweyo. Njengoko amanqanaba e-oksijini yendawo ehlala ehla ngaphantsi kwe-20.9% eqhelekileyo, abasebenzi banokufumana isiyezi, ukudideka, ukulahlekelwa zingqondo, kunye nokuphefumla okunokubulala ngaphandle kweempawu ezilumkisayo.

1.3 Uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo kunye noKwandiswa kweThermal

Ulwelo lwe-Cryogenic luqhubeka ngokubila kwaye luba ngumphunga phakathi kwemikhumbi yazo yokugcina ngenxa yobushushu obungaphakathi obuvuza kwisixokelelwano, nokuba itanki ifakwe kakuhle kangakanani na. Ukuba le gesi yokubilisa ivaleleke kwindlela evaliweyo—njengaphakathi kweevalvu ezimbini ezivaliweyo kumbhobho—uxinzelelo luya kukhula ngokukhawuleza njengoko ulwelo lufudumala luze lujike lube yigesi. Ngaphandle kweendlela ezifanelekileyo zokunciphisa uxinzelelo, oku kwandiswa kwe-thermal kunokukhokelela ekuqhekekeni kwemibhobho eyintlekele okanye ukuqhuma kweenqanawa.

2. IziLawuli zobuNjineli beZibonelelo zoGcino lwe-Liquid Argon

Isiseko esomeleleyo ukhuseleko lwe-argon yolwelo iqala ixesha elide phambi kokuba kuhanjiswe ithontsi lokuqala lolwelo; iqala ngoyilo olucokisekileyo kunye nobunjineli bendawo yokugcina.

2.1 Uyilo lweTanki kunye nokubekwa kwayo

Ukugcinwa kwe-argon yolwelo iitanki kufuneka ziyilwe kwaye zakhiwe ngokungqongqo ngokwemigangatho engqongqo, efana naleyo isetwe yi-American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) okanye amaqumrhu alinganayo ezizwe ngezizwe.

• I-Vacuum-Jacket Insulation: Amatanki kufuneka abonise idizayini ephindwe kabini, i-vacuum-jacket design. Inqanawa yangaphakathi ibamba i-cryogenic liquid, ngelixa ijacket yangaphandle iqulethe i-vacuum kunye ne-insulating materials (njenge-perlite) ukunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kobushushu.

• Ukuhambelana kwezinto: Kuphela izinto ezigcina ingqibelelo yesakhiwo kunye ne-ductility kumaqondo okushisa e-cryogenic-ezifana ne-austenitic stainless steels, ubhedu, ubhedu kunye ne-aluminium-kufuneka isetyenziswe. Intsimbi yekhabhoni eqhelekileyo iba brittle ngokuyingozi kula maqondo obushushu kwaye akufuneki isetyenziswe.

• Ukubekwa Kwangaphandle: Nanini na xa kusenzeka, iitanki zokugcina isambuku kufuneka zibekwe ngaphandle kwindawo ezinomoya owaneleyo ukuvumela nayiphi na igesi ephumayo ukuba ichithakale ngokungenabungozi emoyeni. Ummandla kufuneka ubiyelwe ukuthintela ukungena okungagunyaziswanga kwaye ukhuselwe ngeebholadi ukuthintela ukungqubana kwezithuthi.

2.2 IiNkqubo zokuPhonononga kunye ne-Oxygen Monitoring

Ukuba ugcino lwangaphakathi okanye ukuphathwa akuphepheki kwaphela, ulwakhiwo lwesibonelelo kufuneka lubandakanye iinkqubo ezisebenzayo neziqhubekayo zokhuseleko.

• Ukungenisa umoya ngenkani: Iifeni ze-industrial-grade exhaust fans ezibekwe kufuphi nomgangatho (ekubeni i-argon inzima kunomoya) iyimfuneko ukuba uhlale ujikeleza umoya kwaye unqande ukuhlanganisana kwegesi.

• UkuJonga i-Atmospheric: Iimonitha zokunqongophala kwe-oksijeni eziqingqiweyo kufuneka zifakwe kuzo zonke iindawo apho i-argon igcinwe okanye isetyenziswe. Ezi ngqapheli kufuneka zidibaniswe kunye nenkqubo ye-alamu exhotywe ngeesiren zombini ezivakalayo kunye nezibane ze-strobe ezibonakalayo. Ii-alamu kufuneka ziqalise ngokukhawuleza ukuba i-oksijini yoxinzelelo iwela ngaphantsi kwe-19.5%.

2.3 Iinkqubo zokuNceda uXinzelelo

Icandelo ngalinye elizimeleyo a cryogenic liquid argon inkqubo kufuneka ikhuselwe kuxinzelelo olugqithisileyo.

• Iivalvu zokuNceda eziNxaxheba: Amatanki okugcina kufuneka axhotyiswe ngeenkqubo zokunciphisa uxinzelelo, ngokuqhelekileyo indibaniselwano ye-spring-loaded yokukhusela i-valve kunye neediski zokuqhawula (iidiski eziqhumayo).

• Iivalvu zokuNcedisa ngoThermal (TRVs): Naliphi na icandelo lemibhobho apho i-argon yolwelo inokuthi ibanjwe phakathi kweevalvu ezimbini ezivaliweyo kufuneka ibe ne-TRV efakwe ukukhupha igesi ekhulayo ngokukhuselekileyo.

3. ULawulo loLawulo kunye neMigangatho yokuSebenza (ii-SOPs)

Nolona lawulo lobunjineli luphucukileyo lunokusilela ukuba into yomntu ayilawulwa ngokufanelekileyo. Ulawulo lolawulo luyalela ukuba abasebenzi banxibelelane njani ne ukugcinwa kwe-argon engamanzi inkqubo ngokukhuselekileyo.

3.1 Ulawulo olungqongqo lokuFikelela kunye neMiqondiso

Indawo yokugcina kufuneka yonyulwe njengendawo ethintelweyo. Kuphela ngabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo nabagunyazisiweyo ekufuneka bavunyelwe ukuba bangene. Iimpawu zokhuseleko ezibanzi zinyanzelekile, kubandakanywa izilumkiso malunga nengqele eqhaqhazelisa amazinyo, umngcipheko wokuphefumla, kunye nemfuneko yeSixhobo soKhuseleko soMntu (PPE). Ukufakwa kwekhowudi yombala kunye nokuleyibhile okucacileyo kwayo yonke imibhobho, iivalvu, kunye nezalathiso zokuhamba zibalulekile ukuze kuthintelwe iimpazamo zokusebenza.

3.2 IiNkqubo eziKhuselekileyo zokuTshintshela kunye nokuZaliswa

Inkqubo yokudluliselwa cryogenic liquid argon ukusuka kwiilori zokuhambisa ukuya kwiitanki zokugcina, okanye ukusuka kwiitanki ezininzi ukuya kwiidewars ezincinci, ngumsebenzi onobungozi obuphezulu obufuna ii-SOP ezingqongqo.

• UPhononongo lokuDlulisa kwangaphambili: Ngaphambi kokuba naluphi na utshintshelo luqale, abaqhubi kufuneka bahlole ngokubonakalayo onke ama-hoses, uqhagamshelo, kunye neevalvu ngeempawu zokuguga, ukonakala komzimba, okanye ukwakhiwa komkhenkce okugqithisileyo.

• Ukucoca kunye nokupholisa: Imigca yokudlulisela kufuneka icocwe ngokufanelekileyo kumanzi nomoya, kwaye ipholiswe kancinane ukuya kumaqondo obushushu e-cryogenic ukunqanda umothuko we-thermal kunye ne-geyser eyingozi yolwelo.

• UkuZisa rhoqo: Umsebenzisi ofanelekileyo kufuneka ahlale ekhona kwaye enike ingqalelo kuyo yonke inkqubo yokudluliselwa. Ukuzaliswa okungajongwanga ngoyena nobangela uphambili wokuchitheka ngengozi kunye nokuzaliswa ngokugqithisileyo.

3.3 ULondolozo lwarhoqo kunye neeRejimeni zokuHlola

Ukhuseleko lwe-argon yolwelo ithembele kakhulu kulondolozo lothintelo. Amaziko kufuneka asebenzise ishedyuli engqongqo:

• Ukujonga ingqibelelo yevacuum yeetanki zokugcina kunye nemibhobho egqunyiweyo.

• Ukuvavanya kunye nokulinganisa iimonitha ze-oksijini kunye neenkqubo ze-alamu ngenyanga.

• Ukuhlola iivalvu zokunciphisa uxinzelelo lokuvaleka kweqabaka okanye ukubola.

• Ukuphicotha ukuthembeka kwesakhiwo kwisiseko setanki kunye nemiqobo yokukhusela ejikelezileyo.

4. IiMfuno zeZixhobo zoKhuseleko zoMntu (PPE).

Xa ubunjineli kunye nolawulo lolawulo alukwazi ukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo umngcipheko wokuvezwa, i-PPE isebenza njengomgca wokugqibela wokukhusela ukuphathwa kwabasebenzi. cryogenic liquid argon. Udibaniso oluqhelekileyo lwePPE kufuneka lubandakanye:

• Ukhuseleko lwamehlo noBuso: Iiglasi zokhuseleko ezinezikhuselo ezisecaleni zinyanzelekile ngamaxesha onke. Ngexesha lemisebenzi yokudlulisa esebenzayo okanye nanini na kukho umngcipheko wokutshiza, isikhuselo esipheleleyo sobuso kufuneka sinxitywe phezu kweeglasi zokhuseleko.

• Iiglavu zeCryogenic: Iiglavu kufuneka zenzelwe ngokukodwa inkonzo ye-cryogenic. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kufuneka babe ekhululekileyo ukuze zikhutshwe ngokukhawuleza ukuba i-argon yolwelo ithi ngempazamo itshize ngaphakathi kubo. Iiglavu eziqinileyo ziya kubamba ulwelo lokukhenkceza eluswini, luqhubele phambili ukutsha.

• Isinxibo esiKhuselayo: Abasebenzi kufuneka banxibe iihempe ezinemikhono emide kunye neebhulukhwe ezinde ezenziwe ngezinto ezingenazo iimbobo. Iibhulukhwe mazinxitywe ngaphandle iibhutsi (zingenamaqhina) ukuthintela ulwelo oluchithekileyo lwe-cryogenic ukuba lungadibani phakathi kwezihlangu. Iiapron ezenziwe ngezinto ezixhathisa i-cryogenic zinconywa kakhulu ngexesha lemisebenzi yokudlulisa.

• Izihlangu: Iibhutsi ezikhuselekileyo zesikhumba okanye iibhutsi ezikhethekileyo zomsebenzi we-cryogenic ziyafuneka. I-sneakers okanye izicathulo ezivulekileyo zivinjelwe ngokungqongqo kwindawo yokugcina.

5. Iimpendulo eziNgxamisekileyo kunye noCwangciso lokuNgxamiseka

Nangona kunzima ukhuseleko lwe-argon yolwelo Iiprothokholi, iimeko zikaxakeka zisengenzeka. Isibonelelo kufuneka silungiselelwe ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza nangempumelelo ukunciphisa ingozi.

5.1 Ukuphatha i-Liquid Argon Spills

Kwimeko yokuchitheka okukhulu:

1. Phuma: Ukukhupha ngoko nangoko bonke abasebenzi abangabalulekanga kwindawo leyo, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezisezantsi apho irhasi iya kudityaniswa khona.

2. I-Ventilate: Yandisa ukungena komoya. Vula zonke iingcango neefestile ezikhoyo, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba iinkqubo zokukhupha ngenkani zisebenza ngomthamo omkhulu.

3. NONE Ukuba kukhuselekile ukwenza oko ngePPE efanelekileyo, vala umthombo wokuvuza ngokuvala iivalvu eziphambili zonikezelo. Ungaze uzame ukuyekisa ukuvuza ukuba kubeka emngciphekweni wokuvezwa kulwelo lwe-cryogenic okanye umoya onqongopheleyo we-oxygen.

4. Hlukanisa: Musa ukuzama ukugungxula ulwelo oluchithekileyo ngamanzi; oku kuya kukhawulezisa ukunyusa umphunga kunye nokwenza mandundu ukwanda kwerhasi. Vumela ulwelo ukuba lube ngumphunga ngokwendalo ngelixa ugcina ukungabandakanywa kwendawo engqongqo.

5.2 Uncedo lokuqala lweCryogenic Burns

Ukuba abasebenzi badibana nabo cryogenic liquid argon:

• Susa nayiphi na impahla enokuthi ithintele ukujikeleza kwindawo enomkhenkce, kodwa musa zama ukususa impahla ekhenkcezileyo esikhumbeni.

• Gubha indawo echaphazelekayo ngamanzi amaninzi angashushu, angashushu (hayi amanzi ashushu).

• Musa ukuhlikihla okanye ukuphulula izicubu ezinomkhenkce, njengoko oku kuya kubangela umonakalo ongakumbi kwiiseli.

• Gquma indawo ngempahla eyomileyo, engenazintsholongwane kwaye ufune unyango olukhawulezileyo.

5.3 Ukuphendula kwi-Asphyxiation

Ukuba umsebenzi uyawa kwindawo ekurhaneleka ukuba ayinayo ioksijini:

• Musa ukukhawuleza ungene ngaphandle kokhuseleko. Le yindlela okwenzeka ngayo ukufa kwabantu abaninzi (isiphumo "esinokuba ngumhlanguli").

• Abahlanguli kufuneka banxibe i-Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) phambi kokungena kwindawo eyingozi.

• Hambisa ixhoba kwindawo enomoya omtsha ngoko nangoko.

• Ukuba ixhoba aliphefumli, qalisa ukuphefumla okwenziweyo. Ukuba ukuphefumla kunzima, sebenzisa ioksijini eyongezelelweyo. Biza iinkonzo zonyango olungxamisekileyo ngoko nangoko.

6. Ukuthotyelwa kweMimiselo kunye noQeqesho oluQolekileyo

Ukugcina isefu ukugcinwa kwe-argon engamanzi iziko lifuna ukuthotyelwa okungqongqo kwimimiselo yasekhaya neyamazwe ngamazwe. EUnited States, izibonelelo kufuneka zihambelane nezikhokelo ezibekwe yi-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) kunye neCompressed Gas Association (CGA). Amaqumrhu alinganayo akhona kwihlabathi jikelele (umzekelo, i-EIGA eYurophu).

Nangona kunjalo, ukuthobela kuphela isiseko. Inkcubeko yokhuseleko lokwenyani yakhiwe ngoqeqesho oluqhubekayo, oluqhubekayo. Bonke abasebenzi-ukusuka kubaqhubi be-frontline ukuya kubaphathi bamaziko-kufuneka baqhube iiseshoni zoqeqesho rhoqo ezigubungela iipropati ezibonakalayo ze-argon, ukusetyenziswa okuchanekileyo kwe-PPE, ii-drills zokuphendula ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokuhlaziywa kobuchwepheshe bokhuseleko lwamva nje.

Ukhuseleko alulolungiselelo lwexesha elinye; yintanda-bulumko eqhubekayo.

7. Ukukhusela i-Argon yoMgangatho oPhezulu kuBalingane abathembekileyo

Ngelixa ukuphumeza iiprothokholi ezingqongqo zokhuseleko kwindawo yakho yeyona nto iphambili, imfezeko yekhonkco lonikezelo lwakho ibaluleke ngokufanayo. Ukukhangela iigesi zakho zemizi-mveliso kumthengisi othembekileyo, oqinisekisiweyo, kunye nomgangatho oqhutywa ngumgangatho uqinisekisa ukuba imveliso ehanjiswa kwiitanki zakho icocekile, kwaye inkqubo yokuhanjiswa ngokwayo ihambelana neyona migangatho iphezulu yokhuseleko.

Kumashishini afuna umgangatho ongaguqukiyo kunye nokuthembeka, ukusebenzisana nomboneleli wegesi oyingcali kubalulekile. Igesi yeHuazhong ngumboneleli ophambili ozinikele ekuboneleleni ngezisombululo zerhasi yamashishini aphezulu. Nokuba ufuna i-argon yomgangatho weshishini okanye i-argon yococeko oluphezulu kwiinkqubo zoveliso ezinovakalelo, i-Huazhong Gas ibonelela ngezisombululo zobonelelo oluluqilima olulungiselelwe iimfuno zoncedo lwakho.

Qinisekisa ukuba imisebenzi yakho ixhaswe zezona zingcono. Phonononga izisombululo ze-argon ezibanzi kwaye ukhusele ikhonkco lokubonelela elithembekileyo ngokundwendwela Irhasi yeHuazhong – Iimveliso zeArgon. Ngokudibanisa iiprothokholi zakho ezingqongqo zokhuseleko lwangaphakathi kunye nomthengisi omthembileyo, uqinisekisa zombini ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi bakho kunye nokusebenza okungaphazamisekiyo kwemisebenzi yakho yoshishino.

Ii-FAQs

I-Q1: Kutheni i-tank ye-vacuum-jacket iyimfuneko yokugcina i-argon yamanzi?

A1: I-argon yolwelo lweCryogenic kufuneka igcinwe kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi kakhulu (-185.8 ° C / -302.4 ° F) ukuze ihlale kwimo yolwelo. Itanki enejacket yevacuum isebenza kakhulu njenge-thermos yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Isithuba sevacuum phakathi kweendonga zangaphakathi nangaphandle zisusa ukuhanjiswa kobushushu ngokuqhuba kunye nokuhamba ukusuka kwindawo engqongileyo. Oku kuthintela ukubilisa okukhawulezayo kunye nokunyuka koxinzelelo oluyingozi, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ulwelo lugcinwa ngokukhuselekileyo nangempumelelo kwixesha elide.

I-Q2: Yintoni endimele ndiyenze ukuba i-alamu yokungabikho kwe-oksijini ihamba kufuphi nendawo yethu yokugcina i-argon yamanzi?

A2: Ukuba i-alamu ikhala, ebonisa ukuba amanqanaba e-oksijini aye awela ngaphantsi kwemida ekhuselekileyo (ngokuqhelekileyo i-19.5%), kufuneka uphume kwindawo ngokukhawuleza. Musa ukuzama ukuphanda umthombo wokuvuza ngaphandle kwe-Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA). Ngenxa yokuba i-argon ayinavumba kwaye ayinambala, awuyi kubona ukungabikho kwe-oksijini de ulahlekelwe zingqondo. Phuma bonke abasebenzi, ukhusele i-perimeter, kwaye ulinde abaphenduli bexesha likaxakeka abaqeqeshiweyo okanye de i-sensors ezikude ziqinisekise amanqanaba e-oksijini abuyele kwisiqhelo.

I-Q3: Ngaba iiglavu eziqhelekileyo zesikhumba zasebusika zingasetyenziselwa xa uphethe i-argon ye-cryogenic liquid?

A3: Akunjalo. Iiglavu zasebusika eziqhelekileyo azenzelwanga ukumelana nobushushu be-cryogenic kwaye ziya kukhenkceza ngoko nangoko, zinganiki khuselo. Ngaphezu koko, zihlala ziqinile. Ukuba i-argon yolwelo itshiza kwiglavu eqinileyo, inokungena kwimathiriyeli kwaye ibambe ulwelo lomkhenkce ngokuthe ngqo eluswini lwakho, ibangele umonakalo omkhulu wezicubu. Kuya kufuneka usebenzise iiglavu ezikhethekileyo, eziqinisekisiweyo zecryogenic ezigqunywe kwaye zikhululekile, zikuvumela ukuba uzivuthulule ngokulula ukuba kukho ukuchaphaza.