Icandelo lerhasi leShishini libaluleke kakhulu, linamandla yonke into Ukuvelisa i-semicondcuction kwizicelo zonyango. Ukuqonda ukhuseleko lwegesi, ngakumbi Igesi yendalo kunye nokuphathwa kwe Iigesi ezikhethekileyo, yinto enkulu ekusebenzeni ukusebenza ngempumelelo kunye UKUKHUSELEKELA KWESICELO. Eli nqaku liza kuphonononga imiba ebalulekileyo ye Iinkqubo zoKhuseleko lweRhasi, ukuthobela umthetho (I-EPA), kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwe irhasi yendalo kunye nezinye iigesi zemveliso. Kuyinto ebalulekileyo yokufunda kuye nabani na obandakanyekayo kwi-chain yonikezo lwegesi, kubanini befektri kumagosa okuthenga.

Kutheni le nto ukhuseleko lwegesi lubaluleke kakhulu kwicandelo lezomveliso, ngakumbi ngegesi yendalo?

Irhasi Ukhuseleko ayisiyo ndlela ilungileyo; Yimfuneko esisiseko kwicandelo lemizi-mveliso. Iingozi ezinokubakho ezinxulumene neentlobo ezahlukeneyo igesi, kubandakanya isetyenzisiwe ngokubanzi irhasi yendalo, iiprotokholi zokhuseleko. Irhasi yendalo, ngelixa umthombo wamandla oxabisekileyo, obonisa umngcipheko wokuvuza kunye nokuqhuma ukuba kungalawulwa ngokuchanekileyo. Kumashishini anje Ukuvelisa i-semicondcuction, ukusetyenziswa kokusebenza kakhulu Iigesi ezikhethekileyo inyanzelisa amanyathelo aphezulu okhuseleko. Isiganeko esinye esibandakanya i irhasi yokuvuza inokukhokelela kwilahleko yemali ebalulekileyo, ukuphazamiseka okuphazamisekileyo, kwaye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ingozi ebomini. Ke ngoko, ukuseka nokugcina okubanzi Inkqubo yokhuseleko ngegesi kubalulekile ukuba uqinisekise indawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo nenemveliso. Thina, njengomzi-mveliso kunye nemigca yesixhenxe lemveliso, siqonde ukuba lo mngcipheko uza kuqala kwaye ubeke phambili ukhuseleko kuyo yonke inkalo yemisebenzi yethu.

Ngaphaya kwenkxalabo yokhuseleko kwangoko, ukuphatha oxanduva irhasi ineempembelelo ezibalulekileyo UKUKHUSELEKELA KWESICELO. Ukukhutshwa okungalawulekiyo kwe irhasi yendalo, ngokuyintloko idityaniswe methane, ezinamandla igesi yeGreenhouse, inegalelo kubushushu behlabathi. I I-EPA Idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni ukukhutshwa kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba iinkampani zilandele ngqo Imigaqo yokhuseleko inciphisa ifuthe lokusingqongileyo. Kufanelekile Ukubuyiswa kwegesi Iinkqubo zekhompyutha zibalulekile ukuthintela i ikhutshwe kwimozulu kwizinto eziyingozi. Ukutyeshela ukhuseleko lwegesi inokukhokelela kwimiphumo eqinileyo yokusingqongileyo, eyonakalisayo iplanethi kunye negama lenkampani.

Ukuqonda umngcipheko: Yintoni eyenza i-EFC Gases kunye neegesi ezikhethekileyo ezinobungozi?

Eyahlukileyo igesi Phulula ingozi eyahlukileyo. Iigesi ze-EFC (Imeko yokuhamba engenanto) kwaye uninzi Iigesi ezikhethekileyo isetyenziswe kumashishini anje Ukuvelisa i-semicondcuction Inokuba yinto enokutsha, enetyhefu, ityhefu, okanye indibaniselwano yezi. Babo Ukusebenza kwakhona ibenza babe yimfuneko kwiinkqubo ezithile kodwa kufuna ulawulo ngononophelo. Umzekelo, ezinye igesi yi-pyrophoric, okuthetha ukuba banokuthi bayeke ngengozi emoyeni. Abanye banokuba yityhefu kakhulu, nakwiindlela ezincinci, ezibeka umngcipheko kwimpilo yabantu. Ukuqonda okhethekileyo ingozi inxulumene nenye irhasi linyathelo lokuqala ekuphumezeni amanyathelo okhuseleko afanelekileyo.

Ngapha koko, iipropathi zomzimba ze igesi Yiba negalelo kwiingozi ezinokubakho. Iisilinda zegesi bambelela igesi phantsi uxinzelelo oluphezulu, enokuba yingozi yeprojectile ukuba ilahlekile okanye ukuba i isilinda uyasilela. I-Criogenic ulwelo igesi, njenge ulwelo i-nitrogen okanye ulwelo Ioksijini, ekhoyo umngcipheko wokutshabaleka okubandayo kunye ne-asphyxiation ngenxa yokufuduka kweoksijini. Ke ngoko, iiprotocol zokhuseleko kufuneka zilungiswe zombini iingozi zekhemikhali kunye nezasemzimbeni ezinxulumene nohlobo ngalunye irhasi. Oku kubandakanya iilebhile ezifanelekileyo, iinkqubo zokuphatha, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokhuselo (PPE).

Ukuhambahamba kwemigaqo ye-EPA kunye nemigangatho yemizi-mveliso yokuphatha irhasi: Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi?

Ukuthobela I-EPA imigaqo kunye nokubambelela kwi Imigangatho yeShishini azinakuphikiswa nakweyiphi na inkampani ebandakanyekayo kwishishini igesi. I I-Arhente yoKhuseleko lwendalo icwangcisa izikhokelo zokunciphisa ukumoshwa komoya nokukhutshwa kwezinto eziyingozi, kubandakanya Uluhlu lwegesi yeGreenhouse ukusuka I-Wells yegesi yendalo kwaye Izixhobo zegesi. Le migaqo igubungela imiba eyahlukeneyo, ukusuka kuyilo kunye nokusebenza kwe iinkqubo zokubonelela kwaye Imibhobho yokuhambisa kwizicwangciso zokuphendula ngendlela engxamisekileyo kwimeko ye irhasi yokuvuza. Ukuqonda kunye nokuphumeza le migaqo kubalulekile ukuthintela izohlwayo ezinqabileyo kunye nezokuhlaziywa ngokusemthethweni.

Ngaphaya kwe I-EPA, ezahlukeneyo Umbutho weRhasi Ushicilelo kwaye Imigangatho yeShishini, ezinjengezo kwimibutho efana noMbutho woKhuseleko lweSizwe loKhuseleko loMlilo (Nfpa) kunye noLawulo lweMsebenzini kunye noLawulo lwezeMpilo (Osha), zinike ukhokelo oluneenkcukacha ekuphatheni okukhuselekileyo, ukugcinwa, kunye nokuhamba kwe igesi. Le migangatho ihlala ichaza iimfuno ezithile ivalve iintlobo, umbhobho ingqibelelo, kunye nenkqubo engxamisekileyo. Ukufikelela kunye nokuqonda ezifanelekileyo I-pdf Amaxwebhu kunye nokuhlala uhlaziywa kwimigaqo yakutshanje kwaye Imigangatho yeShishini zibalulekile ekugcineni ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo kunye nokuthotyelwa. Kwiimakethi zethu zokuthumela ngaphandle kwi i-USA, amantla Emelika, kwaye IYurophu, siqinisekisa ukuba iindlela zethu zidibana okanye zigqithe ezi mfuno zingqongqo.

Ukuphunyezwa kwenkqubo yokhuseleko lwegesi yegesi: zeziphi izinto eziphambili?

Inqanaba elibanzi Inkqubo yokhuseleko ngegesi Lilitye lembombo lokuthintela izehlo kunye nokuqinisekisa intlalo-ntle yabasebenzi kunye nokusingqongileyo. Izinto eziphambili zenkqubo enjalo zibandakanya:

• Uvavanyo olunobungozi olucokisekileyo: Ukuchonga konke okunokubakho irhasi Ingozi ngaphakathi kwendawo, kubandakanya iipropathi ze igesi, iindawo ezinokubakho ezivuzayo, kunye nokuveza umngcipheko.
• IINKQUBO ZOKUGQIBELA EZIQHELEKILEYO (SOPs): Ukuphuhliswa kweenkqubo ezicacileyo nezilifutshane zemisebenzi ebandakanyayo igesi, ekufumaneni nasekugcinweni Iisilinda zegesi ukusebenza izixhobo kunye neenkonzo kunye nokuphendula ngexesha likaxakeka.
• Uqeqesho lwabasebenzi: Ukubonelela ngoqeqesho olubanzi kubo bonke abasebenzi abasebenza nge okanye ngeenxa zonke igesi. Olu qeqesho kufuneka lugubungele iipropathi ze igesi, iingozi ezinokubakho, iinkqubo zokukhusela ezikhuselekileyo, iiprothokholi zokuphendula ezingxamisekileyo, kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwePPE.
• Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunye nolondolozo: Ukuphunyezwa kweshedyuli yokuhlolwa rhoqo kwe irhasi iindawo zokugcina, imibhobho, ivali, kwaye Iinkqubo zokufunyanwa. Ulondolozo loThintelo lubalulekile ekuchongeni nasekuchaseni imiba enokubakho ngaphambi kokuba bawame.
• ISICWANGCISO SOKUFUNDA NGOKUGQIBELA: Ukuphuhliswa kwesicwangciso esineenkcukacha sokuphendula Ukuvuza kwegesi, Imililo, okanye ezinye iimeko zikaxakeka. Esi sicwangciso kufuneka sibandakanye iinkqubo zokukhutshelwa ngokufudukayo, unxibelelwano lolwazi lweenkonzo zongxamiseko, kunye neenkqubo zokuchitheka kunye nokunciphisa iingozi.
• Iinkqubo zemvume yokusebenza: Kwimisebenzi ephezulu emngciphekweni ebandakanya igesi, Ukumiliselwa kwenkqubo yemvume ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iindlela zokhuseleko eziyimfuneko ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzi uqalise.
• Ingxelo yeSistim kunye noPhando: Ukuseka inkqubo yokunika ingxelo kunye nokuphanda konke irhasiIziganeko ezinxulumene noko, nokuba incinci kangakanani. Oku kuvumela ukuchongwa kwezizathu zeengcambu kunye nokuphunyezwa kwezenzo zokulungisa ukuthintela ezenzeka kwixesha elizayo.

Ezi macandelo zisebenza kunye ukudala inkcubeko ye ukhuseleko lwegesi kuyo yonke intlangano.

Zingathini izinto eziphambili kunye neetekhnoloji zokuphucula ukhuseleko lwegesi kwaye zithintele ukuvuza kwegesi yendalo?

Inkqubela phambili kwi Izinto eziphambili kunye netekhnoloji bedlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwandiseni ukhuseleko lwegesi kwaye ukuthintela Igesi yendalo. Kuba imibhobho, ukuphuculwa kwe-altives enganyangekiyo kunye nendlela yokuqhubela phambili kwe-welding kunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokuvuza ngenxa ye i-corrosion. Smart umbhobho Iinkqubo ezixhotywe ngenzwayo zinokubeka iliso kuxinzelelo, ubushushu, kunye nokuhamba, ukuvumela kwangoko Iinkqubo zokufunyanwa ye-anomalies enokubonisa ukuvuza.

Ubuchule Iinkqubo zokuchonga igesi. igesi, enza ialarms egudileyo kunye nokwenza impendulo ekhawulezileyo. Itekhnoloji yokujonga kude ivumela abaqhubi ukuba banyamekele Izixhobo zegesi kwaye iisayithi ezifanelekileyo Ukusuka kwindawo esembindini, ukuphucula amaxesha okuphendula kwimeko yongxamiseko. Ngaphaya koko, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi afakwe kwiikhamera ze-infrared kunokuphanda ngokukhawuleza iindawo ezinkulu ze Ukuvuza kwegesi, eyona iluncedo kakhulu ekujonganeni kakhulu irhasi yendalo iziseko zophuhliso. Ukutyala kwezi Itekhnoloji ephezulu ayisiyonto yokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle; kukuzibophelela ekuphuculeni ukhuseleko lwegesi kwaye UKUKHUSELEKELA KWESICELO.

Indima yeNtshutshiso kwiindawo zeGerintas: Kutheni le nto ibalulekile kwimveliso ye-semiconductor?

I ubunyulu yezamashishini igesi yinto ebalulekileyo, ngakumbi kumashishini anje Ukuvelisa i-semicondcuction. Kule ntsimi, nkqu nezixa ze ungcoliseko igesi inokuba nefuthe elibi kwi ukufunyanwa Inkqubo, ekhokelela kwiziphene kunye nezivuno ezincitshisiweyo. Ucoceko oluphezulu lwe-elektroniki Iigesi ezikhethekileyo zibalulekile kumanyathelo ngamandla ngaphakathi Ukuvelisa i-semicondcuction, kubandakanya i-ethating, i-premiplace, kunye nokudlala. I-gener ubunyulu Iimfuneko zeGeses Kule shishini ifunwa ukucocwa Iindlela zobuchule kunye neendlela ezingqongqo zomgangatho.

Ukugcina i ubunyulu kunye nokunyaniseka ye igesi Kuyo yonke i-chain yonikezo. Oku kubandakanya ukusebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo Iisilinda zegesi kwaye itanki Izinto zokuthintela ungcoliseko, kunye nokuphumeza iinkqubo ezingqongqo ezingqongqo ukunqanda ukuqaphela kokungcola. Iindlela zohlalutyo zisetyenziselwa hlalutya i ubunyulu ye igesi Ngamanqanaba ohlukeneyo okuqinisekisa ukuba bayayifezekisa imigaqo efunekayo. Kwizicelo apho i-ultra-up ubunyulu iyafuneka, ukupakisha okhethekileyo kunye neenkqubo zokuphatha ziyaqeshwa ukugcina i irhasiingqibelelo kude kube yindawo yokusebenzisa. Ukuzahlulela kwethu kwi ubunyulu yinto ephambili kwimizi-mveliso yethu igesi, qinisekisa Ukoneliseka kwabathengi kunye nokusebenza ngokugqibeleleyo kwizicelo zokufunwa.

Yeyiphi eyona misebenzi ilungileyo yokuphatha okukhuselekileyo kunye nokugcinwa kweesilinda zegesi kunye neegesi ezingamanzi?

Ukuphatha okukhuselekileyo kunye nokugcinwa kwe Iisilinda zegesi kwaye ulwelo igesi zibalulekile ukuthintela iingozi kwaye uqiniseke ukhuseleko emsebenzini. Iindlela ezilungileyo zibandakanya:

• Ukuchongwa okufanelekileyo kunye neelebheli: Ukuqinisekisa konke Iisilinda zibhalwe ngokucacileyo ngegama le irhasi kwaye nasiphi na isilumkiso esifanelekileyo.
• Ukugcinwa okukhuselekileyo: Ukugcina Iisilinda Kwiindawo ezingena kakuhle, kude nemithombo yobushushu kunye nokuzibamba, kwaye zibakhusele ekuthinteleni ukucebisa okanye ukuwa.
• Ukukhusela ivalve: Ukugcina isilinda ivali ivaliwe kwaye ikhuselwe nge-valve caps xa ingasetyenziswanga.
• Ukuthutha okukhuselekileyo: Sebenzisa iinqwelwana ezifanelekileyo kunye nokuthintela xa ushukuma Iisilinda. Ungaze utyebe okanye uthwala.
• Ukuphathwa ngokufanelekileyo kwegesi yolwelo: Ukunxiba iiglovoic ezifanelekileyo kunye nokukhuselwa kwamehlo xa uphatha ulwelo igesi Ukuthintela ukutsha okubandayo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba umoya ofanelekileyo wokuthintela i-asphyxiation.
• Uvavanyo rhoqo: Ukuhlola Iisilinda Ngomonakalo, ukuvuza, kunye nokungasebenzi ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa nganye.
• Ukwahlulahlula kweegesi ezingahambelaniyo: Ukugcina ukungahambelani igesi ngokwahlukeneyo ukuthintela ukuphendula okuyingozi kwimeko yokuvuza.
• Ukubambelela kumaphepha edatha ezokhuseleko (i-SDS): Ukubonisana ne-SDS ukuze uphathe okanye imiyalelo yokugcina nganye nganye irhasi.

Ukulandela le nkqubo inciphisa umngcipheko weengozi ezinxulumene Iisilinda zegesi kwaye I-Criogenic i-fall.

Ukujongana nokukhaba kwegesi yendalo ngokufanelekileyo: Ukufunyanwa, impendulo, kunye nokuthintela ngo-2022 nangaphaya.

Ukulungisa ngempumelelo Igesi yendalo ifuna indlela eyakhiwe ngayo ehambelana kwangoko ukuqaphela, Swift impendulo, kwaye yomelele ukuthintela Izicwangciso-qhinga. Njengoko bekuchaziwe ngaphambili, phambili Iinkqubo zokufunyanwa ibalulekile ekuchongeni ukuvuza ngokukhawuleza. Ezi nkqubo zivela kubachongi beziphangi ezisetyenziswa ziingcali zenethiwekhi zenzwakazi ezisebenza ngokuqhubekayo umbhobho ingqibelelo.

Kanye a Igesi yegesi yendalo ifunyenwe, isiCwangciso sempendulo esichazwe kakuhle sibalulekile. Esi sicwangciso kufuneka sichaze iinkqubo zokuphuculwa, ukufudusa le ndawo ukuba kuyimfuneko, kunye nokunxibelelana nabasemagunyeni abafanelekileyo. Ukukhawuleza nokuthatha isigqibo kunokunciphisa kakhulu ithuba lokuqhushumba okanye ezinye iziphumo eziyingozi.

Ukuthintela Igesi yendalo Kwindawo yokuqala yeyona paramount. Oku kubandakanya iinkqubo zokulungisa ezolondolozo I-Wells yegesi, imibhobho, kwaye Izixhobo zegesi, kubandakanya nokuhlolwa rhoqo i-corrosion kunye nokunxiba. Ukumiliselwa kweqhinga Ulawulo loKhuseleko Iinkqubo kunye nokunamathela kumgca Imigaqo yokhuseleko ikwaninzi amanyathelo okhuseleko. Ugxininiso kufuneka lube kwindlela esebenzayo yokuchonga kunye nokunciphisa imithombo enokubakho ngaphambi kokuba ibe yingxaki. I Igesi yegesi yendalo ngaphakathi 2022 Isebenze njengesikhumbuzo esimangalisayo ngokubaluleka kwezi zicwangciso zibanzi.

Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo malunga nokhuseleko lwegesi, ukhuseleko lwendalo kunye nokuthotyelwa komthetho.

Q: Zeziphi iingozi eziphambili ezinxulumene neegesi zemveliso?
A: Ishishini igesi ingaba kukutsha, kunetyhefu, i-asfyxiting, okanye ibeka umngcipheko ngenxa uxinzelelo oluphezulu okanye I-Criogenic amaqondo obushushu.

Q: Ndingaqinisekisa njani ukuba ubunyulu begesi ekhethekileyo endiyithengileyo?
A: Sebenza ngempendulo abathengisi obonelela ngezatifikethi zohlalutyo kwaye unamathela ngqongqo iso Imigangatho ye ukucocwa kunye nolawulo oluphambili.

Q: Yintoni le mibutho iphambili yokulawula ukhuseleko lwegesi kwi-U.S.
A: I I-EPA, Osha, kwaye Nfpa yimibutho ephambili yokulawula ebonelela Ulwazi malunga ukhuseleko lwegesi kwaye UKUKHUSELEKELA KWESICELO.

Q: Yintoni ekufuneka ndiyenze xa kusenziwa irhasi?
A: Yikhuphe le ndawo ngokukhawuleza, ukuphelisa nayiphi na imithombo yolwazi, kunye nokunxibelelana neenkonzo zoncedo olungxamisekileyo. Landela isiCwangciso seMpazamo yeNkampani yeThankanyayo.

Q: Ingaba inkampani yethu inciphisa njani inkampani yawo yegesi eluhlaza ehambelana negesi yendalo?
A: Ukumiliselwa Ukubuyiswa kwegesi iinkqubo, ukunciphisa iflethi, kwaye utyale imali kwi umoya ovuselelekayo Imithombo apho inokwenzeka. Vula rhoqo kwaye ugcine izixhobo ukuthintela ukukhutshwa kweMethane.

Q: Ndingalufumana phi ulwazi olungaphezulu ngeMigaqo yoKhuseleko igesi?
A: Unokufumana iinkcukacha Ulwazi malunga Imigaqo kwi I-EPA iwebhusayithi kunye neewebhusayithi ze Umbutho weRhasis.

Ukujonga kwikamva: Indima yamandla ahlaziyiweyo kunye neendlela ezizinzileyo kumzi-mveliso wegesi.

Ngeli xesha ishishini igesi hlala ubalulekile kwizicelo ezininzi, ikamva le ishishini lerhasi iyanda umoya ovuselelekayo kunye neendlela ezizinzileyo. Utshintsho oluya kwimithombo yamandla ecocekileyo kukuqhuba ubuchule kwiindawo ezinjengemveliso ye-hydrogen kunye nophuhliso lwe umxube wegesi nciphisa Uluhlu lwegesi yeGreenhouse. Ukubuyiswa kwegesi kwaye ukuphinda kusetyenziswe kwakhona Iitekhnoloji ziya kuba zinesidima, zivumela ukubanjwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwexabiso igesi, ukunciphisa inkunkuma kunye nefuthe lokusingqongileyo.

Ukugxila kwi UKUKHUSELEKELA KWESICELO ikwacinezela ishishini ukuya kwiindlela ezifanelekileyo zokuveliswa kwamandla kunye nokwamkelwa kwe ubume bobugcisa Iitekhnoloji ezinciphisa ukumoshwa komoya. Njengomthengisi ophambili, Sizimisele ukukhangela kwaye sisebenzise iindlela ezizinzileyo kuyo yonke imisebenzi yethu, kwimigca efanelekileyo yokuvelisa amandla kulawulo lwenkunkuma enoxanduva. Ukudityaniswa kwe umoya ovuselelekayo Imithombo kunye nokuzinikela kozinzo kuya kubaluleka kwixesha elide kunye noxanduva lokusingqongileyo kwi ishishini lerhasi **.

• Soloko ubeke phambili ukhuseleko xa uphatha iigesi zezamashishini.
• Qonda iingozi ezithile ezinxulumene negesi nganye.
• Umkhethe kwimigaqo ye-EPA kunye neMigangatho yeShishini.
• Ukumiliselwa kwenkqubo yokhuseleko yegesi esebenzisa uqeqesho oluqhelekileyo kunye novavanyo.
• Tyala imali kwitekhnoloji ephambili yokuchonga kunye nokuthintela.
• Qinisekisa ubunyulu beegesi, ngakumbi kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo ezinjengemveliso ye-semicionduct.
• Ukukhuthaza iindlela ezizinzileyo kunye nokuphonononga iinketho zamandla ahlaziyiweyo.

(Amakhonkco angaphakathi)

Ngolwazi malunga neentlobo zerhasi ezithile, jonga amaphepha ethu kwi Argon kwaye Initrogen. Sikwabonelela ngoluhlu lwe Umxube wegesi Ilungiselelwe iimfuno zakho ezithile. Funda ngakumbi malunga nokuzibophelela kwethu kumgangatho wethu I-bulk sulty ephezulu yegesi.

Nceda uqhagamshelane nathi Ukuba unayo nayiphi na imibuzo okanye funa ngakumbi Ulwazi malunga bethu igesi bethu izixhobo kunye neenkonzo. Silapha yanelisa Ishishini lakho irhasi Iimfuno nge ubunyulu kunye nokunyaniseka.