Ngaba i-carbon diokside iguqulwe ibe yipetroli?
1. Njani Ukuguqula i-CO2 kwi-Wheel?
Okokuqala, usebenzisa amandla elanga ukuguqula umoya omdaka namanzi kwipetroli. Abaphandi basebenzisa amandla elanga ukuze baqhekezwe i-carbon diokside kunye namanzi ukuze bavelise iigesi ezinje nge-hydrogen, i-carbon monoxide okanye i-methane, eyayisenziwa ukuba isetyenziswe njengepetroli. Ngale ndlela, izazinzulu ziphumelele ekuguquleni i-carbon diokbide kwi-carbon monoxide, efunekayo kwi-Zviack Repys (Zviack).
Okwesibini, imicrobes isetyenziselwa ukuguqula i-carbon diokside kwi-organic into. Sebenzisa i-microorganisms (kubandakanya i-algae kunye ne-bacteria, njl njl) ukwenza i-photoynthesis, iguqule amandla okukhanya ngokuthe ngqo kumachiza, kwaye iguqule i-carbon dioxic kwi-biousmes efana ne-bioomass ipetroli. Umzekelo, abaphandi basebenzisa i-algae ukuguqula amandla elanga kunye nekharbon diokside kwioyile kunye nezinye izinto zebhadustass ukwenza izinto njenge-biogieses kunye ne-biogasoline.
Okokugqibela, impendulo yekhemikhali isetyenziselwa ukuguqula i-carbon diokside kwipetroli. Umzekelo, abaphandi basebenzisa i-thermochemical okanye i-elektrochemical yokuphendula yokuguqula i-carbon diokside kwi-ammoxide kwi-ammonia okanye eminye imimandla, enokuthi emva koko isetyenziswe kwiikhemikhali ezinokusetyenziswa njengepetroli. Umzekelo, ukuncitshiswa kwe-electronical kusetyenziselwa ukuguqula i-carbon diokside ibe yi-acids esesikweni okanye izinto eziphilayo njenge-acid ye-Acid, ethi iphinde idityaniswe kwi-fuls, njl.
2. Ngaba i-CO2 ingaguqulwa ibe zizinye izinto?
Izinto ezinokufumana umoya omdaka Bandakanya izityalo, izilwanyana, i-microorganisms kunye nokuphendula kwemichiza.
Izityalo zezona ziguqula icarbon dioxide. Ziguqula ikharbon diokside ibe yinto ephilayo ngokusebenzisa iphotosynthesis, ngaloo ndlela zinika amandla afunekayo kwizinto eziphilayo. Ifotosynthesis yinkqubo apho izityalo zifunxa amanzi kunye nekharbon diokside kumandla elanga, emva koko zisebenzise iiathom zekharbon ezikuzo ukwenza iswekile kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo, ngelixa zikhupha ioksijini. Ezi organic zisetyenziswa zizityalo ukuze zikhule zize zikwazi ukuzala, yaye ikharbon diokside nayo ikhutshwa zizityalo, ngaloo ndlela igqibezela umjikelo wekharbon diokside.
Izilwanyana kunye nemicrorganisms zinokuguqula i-carbon diokside kwi-oxygen kwinkqubo yokuphumla, ngakumbi izinto eziphilayo, ezinje ngolwandlekazi lwe-dioxide kwi-organic le nto, yokutshintsha imeko yaselwandle.
Ukongeza, ezinye iindlela zekhemikhali zinokuguqula i-carbon diokside iye kwenye into. Umzekelo, amalahle avuthayo angaguqula i-carbon dioksic diokside kunye namanzi, kwaye i-calcium carbonate inokuguqula i-carcon dioksbonte, enokusetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo ezifana nezinyithi kunye nesamente. Ukongeza, ezinye izinto zokuphendula kwamachiza zinokuguqula i-carbon diokrocarblens, ezinjengeethane, kwaye uzisebenzise ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo.
Isishwankathelo, izityalo, izilwanyana, iintsholongwane, kwaye ezinye izinto zekhemikhali ziyakwazi ukutshintsha i-carbon diokside iye kwenye into.
3. Ngaba singaguqula i-co2 ibuyele kwi-Coal?
Kwithiyori, kunokwenzeka.
Ivelaphi amalahle? Iveliswa zizityalo ezingcwatywe emhlabeni. Into yekharbon kwizityalo ngamanye amaxesha ivela kwizityalo umoya omdaka Emoyeni kwaye ubaphembelele kwi-organice kubalulekile ngephotosynthesis. Ke ngoko, kwinani elifanayo le-moles yeatom yekhabhoni, amandla ekharbon diokside iphantsi kunelo lamalahle. Ke ngoko, kwindalo, impendulo yamalahle avuthayo ukuvelisa ikharbon diokside iqhubekeke xa amandla okuqala (kwaye kufuneka adlule kwi-phothiynthes, kwaye amandla avela elangeni.
Ukuba sithetha ngokucokisekileyo, sinokulinganisa i-photosynthesis kunye nenkqubo yokwenziwa kwengubo. Nangona kunjalo, akukho luncedo loqoqosho kwaphela.
4. Ngaba i-CO2 ingaguqulwa ibe yigesi yendalo?
Ewe, indlela yemichiza isebenzisa amandla amaninzi, ke inzuzo ifanelekile ilahleko.
Ukutyala imithi, ukusebenzisa indalo ukuguqula, kuthatha ixesha elide, kwaye kufuna iinzame zexesha elide lomntu wonke, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo eqinile ye-Z-F, engaguqukiyo, esebenzayo, esebenzayo yokwandisa izityalo zomhlaba, zingayinciphisi. Emva kokuba izityalo zidla i-carbon dioxide, ngokuhamba kwe-crust yomhlaba, ijika ibe yioli, njl njl njengamandulo.
Kukho uhlobo lwengqolowa efumana i-carbon diokside, kwaye ngokuthe ngqo ivelisa utywala kunye ne-biogas ukusuka kwingqolowa kunye nengca, ekwayinguqu
5. Kwenzeka ntoni xa i-carbon diokside kunye nomxube we-hydrogen?
Umoya omdaka Kwaye i-hydrogen inokusabela ukuvelisa iimveliso ezahlukeneyo phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zokuphendula:
1. Ikharbon diokside kunye ne-hydrogen kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu ukwenza ikharbon monoxide namanzi;
I-2. I-carbon diokside kunye ne-hydrogen iphendule phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu ukwenza i-methane kunye namanzi. I-Methane yeyona nto ilula ye-organic kunye neyona nto iphambili yegesi yendalo, i-biogas, igesi yomngxuma, njl., Yaziwa njengegesi;
I-3. I-carbon diokside kunye ne-hydrogen kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kwaye longezwe i-catalyst ye-votalyst-phosphine-chromium-elula i-mononhydric yotywala kwaye iluhlaza olwenziweyo kunye noluhlaza kunye ne-odor yotywala. Isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-formaldehyde kunye nencancisa, njl njl, kwaye isetyenziswe njengesixhobo sezinto eziphilayo kunye ne-subraturant yotywala.
6. Ukuguqula i-carbon diokside ibe yi-fluels fluels
Iichemists kwiYunivesithi yaseIllinois ziye zaphumelela ukudala ipetroli emanzini, ikharbon diokside kunye nokukhanya okubonakalayo nge-photosynthesials. Ngokuguqula i-carbon diokside ibe kwiimolekyuli ezintsonkothileyo, itekhnoloji yamandla eluhlaza iqhubekile ngempumelelo kwi-harbon dioxide ye-carbon dioxide kwaye igcinwe i-solar yamandla aphantsi kwelanga kunye ne-Peak Canfle.
Izityalo zisebenzisa ukukhanya kwelanga ukuqhuba indlela yokuphendula yamanzi kunye nekhabhoni diokside ukuvelisa i-glucose yamandla amakhulu ukugcina amandla elanga. Kwisifundo esitsha, abaphandi baphuhlisa impendulo ye-Electron esebenzisa i-Elephant ye-Elenforn njengeyona nto iphambili yokuguqula i-carbon diokside kunye namanzi kwi-pioxide ebonakalayo esetyenziswayo kwifotosinthesi yendalo. Ezi ziphumo zifunyenweyo zapapashwa kuhlobo lwejenali unxibelelwano.
"Injongo yethu kukuvelisa i-hydrocarbons enzima, e-liquefiable evela kwi-carbon dioxide engaphezulu kunye nemithombo yamandla ezinzileyo njengamandla elanga," kusho uPrashant Jain, uprofesa we-chemistry kunye no-co-author wokufunda. Amafutha olwelo afanelekile kuba ayahambelana namafutha egesi.Alula, akhuselekile kwaye ayonga kakhulu ukuwahambisa, kwaye enziwe ngeemolekyuli zamatsheyini amade aneebhondi ezininzi, nto leyo ethetha ukuba zixinene ngamandla.
Kwilebhu kaJain, u-Sungju Yu, umphandi we-postdoctoral kunye nombhali wokuqala wokufunda, wasebenzisa i-catalyst yesinyithi ukuthabatha ukukhanya okuluhlaza kunye nokuthutha i-electron kunye neeproton ezifunekayo kwi-chemical reaction of carbon dioxide kunye namanzi, esebenza njenge-chlorophyll kwi-photosynthesis yendalo.
Umsebenzi we-nanopaliles osebenza ngokukhethekileyo njengokhuseleko kuba umphezulu wawo usabela ngokulula kwi-molekyuli ye-carbon, ngokufumana amandla afanelekileyo ngaphandle kokuqhekeza izinyithi-uqhutywa njengezinye iintsimbi, uJiain wathi.
Zininzi iindlela zokukhupha amandla agcinwe kwimichiza ye-hydrocarbon fuels. Nangona kunjalo, indlela elula neyisiko yokutshisa iya kuphelela i-carbon diokside enkulu, ehamba ngokuchasene nengcamango yokufaka idatha kwaye igcina iSolar Amandla okuqala, utshilo uJiain.
"Kukho ezinye izicelo ezingezizo ezemveli ze-hydrocarbons ezenziwe ngolu hlobo," watsho. "Banokuvelisa ngoku kunye ne-voltage ukunika amandla iiseli zamafutha. Zininzi iilebhu kwihlabathi jikelele ezisebenza ngendlela yokuzenza zisebenze ngakumbi." guqula amandla ekhemikhali akwihydrocarbons abe ngamandla ombane.”
