Zihlikihla utywala, i-isotopropyl yotywala iyafana ne-hydrogen peroxide
I-Iyopropanol, ethanol (edla ngokubhekiswa kuyo njengerabha), kwaye ihydrogen peroxide ziimpawu ezintathu zekhemikhali. Nangona benokwenza okufanayo nakwiintsilwana kunye nokucoca, iipropathi zabo zekhemikhali, ukusetyenziswa, kunye neendlela zokuphendula zahlukile xa ziqwalaselwa kwimbono yesizukulwana yegesi yegesi.
I-Iyopropanol (i-Iyopropyl Utywala)
Ifomula yekhemikhali: C₃h₈o
I-Mechanism yesizukulwana: Dibanisa
I-Iyopropanol, xa itshisiwe, ivelisa ikharbon diokside namanzi, ukukhulula ubushushu kunye negesi. Indlela yokusabela yile ilandelayo:
I-2c3h8O + 9o2 → 6CO2 + 8h2o2C3H8O+9O2 → 6CoI-2 + 8H2O
Le ndlela yokusabela ivelisa i-carbon diokside (co₂), enokuba luncedo kubushushu obuphezulu, iindawo eziphakamileyo zemigodi. I-Iyopropanol inokusebenza njenge-oyile okanye irhasi yerhasi kwiimeko ezinjalo.
Ukuhombisa kwe-thermal: Kwiqondo lobushushu eliphakamileyo, i-Isupropanol inokuthi ifumaneke kwi-piyrolysis, ivelisa iimolekyuli ezincinci ezifana ne-propleyne kunye ne-methane.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Iyopropanol: Kwimeko ezintlanu ezifuna igesi (ezinje ngekharbon diokside) kunye nobushushu, i-Iyopropanol inokusebenza njengeowayiphuli yekhemikhali. Nangona kunjalo, kuncinci ukusetyenziswa kwesizukulwana esicocekileyo segesi kwaye ikakhulu isetyenziselwa i-carbon diokside eveliswa ngexesha lokudibana.
I-ethanol (irabha)
Ifomula yekhemikhali: C₂h₅h
I-Mechanism yesizukulwana: Ukudibana, ukutshintsha kweSteam, ukuFena
I-ethanol i-quarts i-corbon diokside kunye namanzi. Indlela yokusabela yile ilandelayo:
C2h5oh + 3o2 → 2CO2 + 3h2oC2H5Oh+3O2 → 2Co2 + 3H2O
I umoya omdaka Iveliswe ngexesha lokudibana kwe-ethanol ifana neyeveliswe yi-Iyopropanol, kodwa i-ethanol ikhula ubushushu obungaphezulu, iyenza ipetroli efanelekileyo kwiimeko ezinkulu zerhasi enkulu.
Ukutshintsha kweSteam: I-ethanol iphinda iphendulwe ngamanzi amathanga asebusweni aphezulu ukuvelisa i-hydrogen (h₂) kunye ne-carbon monoxide (CO). Le mpendulo isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimveliso ye-hydrogen:
C2h5oh + h2o → co + 3h2C2H5Oh+H2O→Co+3H2
Le ndlela ibaluleke ngokukodwa kwiinkqubo zokuzala kwezomzi-mveliso ezifuna i-hydrogen njengezixhobo ezingafunekiyo.
Ukubila: Phantsi kweemeko ezithile, i-Ethanol inokuveliswa ngokuxutywa, okukhupha iigesi ezinje ngekharbon dioknes kunye ne-methane, kuxhomekeka kwiinkqubo ze-microbial metabolic.
Izicelo ze-ethanol: I-ethanol isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumashishini okwenza i-hydrogen, ikharbon diokside, kunye neegesi zokudibanisa. Idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimveliso yamafutha, i-synthesi yegesi ye-chemics (efana ne-hydrogen kunye ne-methane), kunye nezinye iinkqubo zemveliso.
Ihydrogen peroxide
Ifomula yekhemikhali: H₂o₂
I-Mechanism yesizukulwana: I-Deoralication Reaction
I-Hydrogen Peroxide i-oxidative kakhulu, kwaye ngenxa yokuhombisa, ivelisa amanzi neoksijini. Indlela yokusabela yile ilandelayo:
2h2o2 → 2O + O22H2O2 → 2H2O+O2
Ukubola kwe-hydrogen peroxide ikhupha isgegen igesi, eyindlela yokuqala yendima yayo kwisizukulwana segesi.
I-OKUFANELEKILEYO YOKUGQIBELA: Impendulo yokuphendula inokukhawulezisa i-catalysts (njenge-manganese dioxide okanye intsimbi), ivelise ioksijini ephezulu. Leoksijini isetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zemizi-mveliso efuna imithamo enkulu yeoksijini.
Izicelo ze-hydrogen peroxide: I-Hydrogen Peroxide idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi Imveliso yeoksijini, ngakumbi kwishishini lekhemikhali (i.G., indlela yokuvelisa i-oxidation, imveliso yesichumisi). I-oxygen yenziwa ngokulinganayo kwayo kubalulekile kwi-synthesic synthesis kunye nezinye izicelo zemveliso ezifuna ioksijini ephezulu.
| Izinto | Indlela yokuvelela igesi | I-Gases yaveliswa | Uhlobo lokuphendula |
| I-Iyopropyl Utywala | Dibanisa | Což, h₂o | I-EClothermic Reance |
| I-pyrolysis | C₂h₄, ch, h₂o | Iqondo lobushushu ephezulu | |
| Ethanol | Dibanisa | Což, h₂o | I-EClothermic Reance |
| Ukutshintsha kweSteam | H₂, co | Ukuphendula okukhathazayo, ukutshintsha kweSteam | |
| Ukubila | Což | Impendulo ye-biochemical | |
| Ihydrogen peroxide | Ukubola | O₂ | I-Catalytic ye-Detalytic yokuphendula |
Inkcazelo yetafile:
I-Iyopropyl Utywala: ubukhulu becala uvelisa i-carbon diokside kunye ne-vapor yamanzi ngokudibana, kwaye inokuvelisa igesi encinci ye-hidrocarbon gesesbon geses efana ne-potlene kunye ne-methane ngePyrolysis.
I-Ethanol: Veza ikharbon diokside kunye ne-vapor ye-vapor, i-hydrogen kunye ne-cirbon monoxide ngokuguqula i-Steam, kwaye inokuvelisa ikhabhoni diokside.
I-Hydrogen Peroxide: Ukubola ukuvelisa ioksijini, ihlala isetyenziselwa ukulungiselela ioksijini kwiilebhu okanye kumashishini.
