sidee loo soo saaraa hydrogen dareeraha ah?
1. Sidee tahay hydrogen dareere soo saaray?
Soo saarista hydrogen ee habka gaaska biyaha
Isticmaal anthracite ama kookaha sida walxo ceeriin ah si aad ula falgasho uumiga biyaha heerkulka sare si aad u hesho gaaska biyaha (C+H2O→CO+H2—kuleyl). Nadiifinta ka dib, waxaa la dhex maraa koronto leh uumiga biyaha si loogu beddelo CO-ga CO2 (CO+H2O → CO2+H2) si loo helo gaas ka kooban hydrogen ka badan 80%, ka dibna ku cadaadi biyaha si ay u milmaan CO2, ka dibna ka saar CO haray iyada oo loo marayo xal ka kooban koobabka formate (ama cuprous acetate ka kooban ammonia ah oo ka hooseeya kharashka, Compar ayaa leh habkan qiimaha hoose ee ammonia). soo saara hydrogen oo leh wax soo saar weyn iyo qalab badan. Habkan waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa dhirta isku-dhafka ammonia. Qaar ka mid ah waxay sidoo kale sameeyaan methanol ka CO iyo H2, iyo meelo yar ayaa isticmaala hydrogen saafi ah ka yar oo leh 80% hydrogen Gaaska waxaa loo isticmaalaa shidaal dareere ah oo macmal ah. Habkan waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa dhirta Tijaabada Kiimikada ee Beijing iyo dhirta bacriminta nitrogen yar ee meelo badan.
Soosaarka hydrogen ee ka yimaada gaaska synthetic iyo gaaska dabiiciga ah ee ka yimaada kuleylka kuleylka ee batroolka
Wax soo saarka kulaylka dildilaaca ee batroolka ayaa soo saara xaddi badan oo hydrogen ah, kaas oo inta badan loo isticmaalo hydrogenation of gaasolin, hydrogen looga baahan yahay petrochemical iyo bacriminta dhirta. Habkan wax-soo-saarka hydrogen-ka waxaa laga qaataa waddamo badan oo adduunka ah. Dhirta, saldhigyada petrochemical ee Bohai Oilfield, iwm. dhamaantood waxay isticmaalaan habkan si ay u soo saaraan hydrogen.
Coke Oven Gaaska Qaboojiyaha Soo saarista Hayroojin
Qabo oo cadaadi gaaska foornada kookaha ee hore loo soo saaray si loo dareeriyo gaasaska kale ugana tago hydrogen. Habkan waxa loo isticmaalaa meelo dhawr ah.
Wax soo saarka Hydrogen ee korantada biyaha milixda ah
Warshadaha chlor-alkali, waxa laga soo saaraa xaddi badan oo ah hydrogen saafi ah, taas oo loo isticmaalo isku dhafka hydrochloric acid, sidoo kale waa la sifeyn karaa si loo soo saaro hydrogen ama hydrogen saafi ah. Tusaale ahaan, hydrogen-ka loo isticmaalo warshadda labaad ee kiimikaad waa ka-soo-saarka brine electrolytic.
Alaabooyinka ka mid ah warshadaha wax soo saarka
Marka hadhuudhka loo isticmaalo in lagu khamiiriyo acetone iyo butanol, in ka badan 1/3 ee hydrogen ee gaaska qashinka ee fermenter waxay soo saari kartaa hydrogen caadiga ah (ka sarreeya 97%) ka dib nadiifinta soo noqnoqda, iyo hydrogen caadiga ah waxaa lagu qaboojin karaa hoos -100 ° C by nitrogen dareere ah tube silica gel, wasakhda (sida qadar yar oo N2) ayaa laga saari karaa dheeraad ah oo saafi ah. in ka badan 99.99%). Tusaale ahaan, Bejing Brewery waxay soo saartaa hydrogen-ka-soo-saarka, kaas oo loo isticmaalo in lagu shido alaabta quartz iyo unugyada dibadda.
2. Sidee tahay hydrogen dareeraha ah daabula iyo waa maxay hababka gaadiidku
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, hababka gaadiidka ee dareeraha hydrogen inta badan waxaa ka mid ah noocyada soo socda:
Midda koowaad waa keenista baabuurta taangiyada. Habkani waxa uu isticmaalayaa baabuurta taangiyada si gaar ah loo nashqadeeyay si loogu wareejiyo haydarojiin dareeraha ah ee soo saaraha ilaa warshadda ama saldhiga isticmaalaha. Baabuurta taangiyada sida caadiga ah waxaa lagu nashqadeeyay qolof badan oo lakabyo leh si heerkulka iyo cadaadiska dareeraha hydrogen-ka loo ilaaliyo inta lagu jiro gaadiidka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, habkani wuxuu u baahan yahay kharash badan si loo dhiso booyada, wuxuuna u nugul yahay arrimo ay ka mid yihiin shilalka gaadiidka iyo xayiraadaha fogaanta.
Midda labaad waa keenista dhuumaha. Habkani wuxuu ku salaysan yahay nidaamka dhuumaha gudbinta hydrogen dareeraha ah oo weyn. Haydarojiin dareere ah ayaa lagu duraa nidaamka dhuumaha ee warshadda wax soo saarta, ka dibna waxaa lagu sii qaadaa warshadda isticmaalaha ama saldhigga shidaalka ee hydrogen iyada oo la marayo dhuumaha dhulka hoostiisa. Gaadiidka dhuumaha qaada waa hab dhaqaale, hufan oo badbaado leh si loola kulmo gaadiidka xoogga badan ee xaddi badan oo hydrogen ah. Laakiin isla mar ahaantaana, gaadiidka dhuumaha qaada waxay u baahan yihiin dhismo kaabayaal baaxad leh, waxaana jira khataro gaar ah, sidaa darteed maareyn adag iyo dayactir adag ayaa looga baahan yahay si loo xaqiijiyo ammaankeeda.
Midda saddexaad waa gaadiidka maraakiibta. Haydarooniga dareeraha ah waxa kale oo lagu qaadi karaa badda oo la geeyaa gobollo kala duwan oo adduunka ah. Sababtoo ah cufnaanta hoose ee hydrogen dareeraha ah, gaadiidka markabka wuxuu u baahan yahay kaydin gaar ah iyo tas-hiilaad gaadiid iyo teknoolajiyada si loo hubiyo xasilloonida markabka iyo badbaadada hydrogen dareeraha ah. Gaadiidka maraakiibtu waxa uu dabooli karaa baahida gaadiidka fogfog ee xaddi badan oo hydrogen dareere ah, laakiin waxa ay u baahan tahay kharashyo badan oo dhaqaale iyo farsamo, iyo u hoggaansanaanta adag xeerarka ammaanka badda iyo heshiisyada caalamiga ah.
3. hydrogen dareeraha ah ma adag tahay in la soo saaro?
Way adag tahay in la soo saaro, dhibkuna wuxuu ku jiraa qodobbada soo socda:
Heerkulka qaboojinta waa hooseeyaa, awoodda qaboojinta waa weyn tahay, iyo isticmaalka tamarta unugga ayaa sarreeya;
The ortho-paraconversion of hydrogen ka dhigaysa shaqada loo baahan yahay si ay u liquefam hydrogen aad uga weyn yahay methane, nitrogen, helium iyo gaasaska kale, iyo ortho-paraconversion kulaylku wuxuu xisaabiyaa ilaa 16% ka mid ah shaqada liquefaction ku habboon;
Isbeddelka degdega ah ee kulaylka gaarka ah wuxuu keenaa xawaaraha dhawaaqa hydrogen inuu si degdeg ah u kordho kororka heerkulka. Xawaaraha dhawaaqa sare wuxuu ka dhigayaa rotor ee balaadhinta hydrogen-ka culeys sare, taasoo ka dhigaysa naqshadeynta iyo soo saarista balaadhinta mid aad u adag;
Heerkulka hydrogen-ka dareeraha ah, wasakhda kale ee gaasta marka laga reebo helium ayaa adkeysay (gaar ahaan ogsijiinta adag), taas oo xannibi karta dhuumaha oo sababi karta qarax.
4. Maxay yihiin warshadaha codsiga ee hydrogen-ka dareeraha ah?
Halka hydrogen looga baahan yahay, sida hawada sare, duulista, gaadiidka, elektiroonigga, biraha, warshadaha kiimikada, cuntada, galaaska, iyo xitaa waaxyaha shidaalka rayidka, hydrogen dareeraha ah ayaa la isticmaali karaa. Marka la eego daawaynta hydrogen, dareeraha caafimaadku wuxuu ku siin karaa hydrogen mashiinnada biyaha hodanka ku ah, koobabka biyaha ee hodanka ku ah, iyo aaladaha nuugista hydrogen ee meelo waaweyn. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, goobta ugu isticmaalka badan ee hydrogen-ka dareeraha ah ee waddankeyga waa hawada sare.
Qiimaha hydrogen-ka dareeraha ah ee goobta kaydinta hydrogen waxaa inta badan lagu muujiyaa dhinacyada soo socda. Ugu horreyntii, hydrogen dareeraha wuxuu u baahan yahay mug ka yar kan hydrogen gaseous caadiga ah, kaas oo si weyn u yareyn kara meelaha kaydinta iyo kharashka gaadiidka. Marka labaad, hydrogen dareeraha ah ayaa ka nadiifsan tayada, si ka duwan hydrogen gaseous, kaas oo soo saari doona wasakh sida oksijiinta iyo nitrogen, taas oo saameyn doonta isticmaalka ugu dambeeya. Horumarinta hydrogen dareeraha ee berrinka kaydinta hydrogen iyo gaadiidka ayaa sidoo kale ku habboon hagaajinta warshadaha hydrogen iyo ballaarinta kala duwanaanta codsiga tamarta hydrogen ee meelo badan.
