Chinyorwa ichi ndechekuti munhu wese anoda kunzwisisa musana weindasitiri yazvino: Ammonia. Tichapwanya zvakadzika mune chii Ammonia gasi Ndo, maitiro ayo, mafambiro azvo makuru, uye chii chekutsvaga mumutengesi akatendeka. Ichi hachisi chinyorwa chehunyanzvi; Nhungamiro inoshanda kubva kune muridzi wefekitori kune muridzi webhizinesi, yakagadzirirwa kukupa kujekesa uye kuvimba iwe kwaunoda kuita sarudzo dzekutenga dzakanakisa dzekutenga.

Chii chaizvo chinonzi ammonia gasi uye ndezvipi zvarinzvimbo zvaro?

Pamusimboti wayo, Ammonia (NH₃) ndeyemakemikari yakagadzirwa imwe nitrogen atomu uye matatu hydrogen maatomu. I gasi risina ruvara Nekunhuhwirira kwakasimba Vanhu vazhinji vanobatanidza kunhuhwirira uku kune zvigadzirwa zvekuchenesa imba, izvo zvinowanzove nazvo Ammonium Hydroxide, mhinduro yakakwirira ye Ammonia. Asi basa rayo rinotambanudza zvishoma nezvishoma kuchenesa. Mune yayo yakachena, yakamanikidzwa fomu, inzvimbo yekona ye Industrial Chemistry. The the zvivakwa zveAmmonia zviite zvinoshamisa. Ine yakaderera Boiling Point of -33.34 ° C (-82.01 ° F), iyo inobvumira kuti iite nyore nyore gasi reindasitiri.

Imwe yeanonyanya kukosha zvivakwa zveAmbimoni gasi ndizvozvo here? Amonia inonyanya kuvezwa mumvura. Kana izvi gasi Misimbe, inoumba yakakosha, kana alkaline, mhinduro. Iyi yekuona chikamu chakakosha chekushandiswa kwayo kwekushandiswa kwemashandisirwo emabasa uye mune kugadzirwa kwefetiraiza. Pasinei nezvakawanda zvakanaka, zvakakosha kuyeuka izvo Ammonia ine chepfu pakumanikidzwa kukuru. Kunzwisisa izvi zvinhu zvakakosha ndiyo nhanho yekutanga kune chero munhu anobatanidzwa mukutenga kana kubata izvi zvakakosha makemikari emakemikari. The the Chiito cheAmmonia Mune maitiro akasiyana-siyana inobvambura zvakananga kubva kune iyi yakasarudzika musanganiswa wehunhu hwemuviri uye hwemakemikari maitiro.

Kukosha kweiyi monolecule iri nyore hakugone kuve kwakaringana. Kubva pane zvekudya pamatafura edu kumhepo inotonhorera kubva kune vedufiriji vedu, Ammonia inotora basa rakakosha. Kugona kwayo kushandira se compact uye inoshanda inotakura ye hydrogen uye nitrogen inoiita iyo isingabvumirwe yakasarudzika zvinhu mukati miitiro yakawanda yeindasitiri. Sezvatinoongorora yayo Synthesis uye zvikumbiro, iwe uchaona kuti ino sei kukosha gasi reindasitiri Inotsigira hupfumi hwenyika uye hunobata zvinenge zvese zvikamu zvehupenyu hwazvino. The the kushandiswa kwakapararira of Ammonia iTesitamende kune zvivakwa zvine simba uye zvinobatsira.

Kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri kwaiwana sei?

Ruzhinji rwepasi rose Ammonia inogadzirwa kuburikidza nemaitiro akaomutuka kurima uye makemikari kugadzira kanosvika zana zana apfuura: Iyo Haber-Bosch maitiro. Iyi nzira ye AMMONA kugadzirwa inhau yemakemikari inobatanidza mumiriri nitrogen gasi na hydrogen, kazhinji inotorwa kubva gasi rechisikigo kana imwe Fossil mafuta, kuti gadzira Ammonia. Maitiro acho anoshamisa muChinyorwa asi akaoma kuurayiwa, achida kudzvinyirira akakwirira (150-250 bar) uye a kupisa kwakanyanya .

The the Synthesis yeAmmonia inotanga na hydrogen kugadzirwa. Methane kubva gasi rechisikigo inobata ne steam kuti igadzire hydrogen uye carbon dioxide. The the nitrogen ichangobva kuparadzaniswa nemhepo yatinofema. Aya magasi maviri anobva akanatswa, akamanikidzwa, uye akadyiswa mune anodzidza. Mukati, pasi pekumanikidzwa kukuru uye kupisa, vanoita kuti vaite fomu Ammonia. Zvinopisa zvinopisa gasi musanganiswa wacho wakatonhorera, zvichikonzera Ammonia kuLiquefy kuti inogona kupatsanurwa, nepo isina kugadziriswa nitrogen uye hydrogen vanodzoserwa kumashure mune maitiro. Ichi chiuno chinoenderera chinoita Maindasitiri Ammonia kugadzirwa maitiro anoshanda zvakanyanya.

Semuridzi wefekitori, ndinogona kukuudza kuti optimizing izvi Synthesis inogara ichitarisa. Kubudirira kwesimba kuri kutsigira, sezvo iyo Haber-Bosch maitiro iSimba-yakanyanya, accounting yeanopfuura 1% yeiyo nyika yakazara yepasi rese. Kugadzirwa muCatalyst Technology uye Kupisa Kubatanidza kunogara kuongororwa kuti uderedze mitengo uye tsoka yezvakatipoteredza. Paunosvitsa Ammonia, iwe uri kuongorora chigadzirwa chakazvarwa kubva kune chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha kwazvo mukati Industrial Chemistry. Hunhu hwechigadzirwa chekupedzisira hunoenderana zvachose pane chairo uye kutonga kwakashandisirwa pamusoro peimwe nhanho yeiyi inoda Ammonia Synthesis maitiro.

Ndedzipi dzinoshandiswa maindasitiri anonyanya kugadzirwa kuti Ammonia?

Kana vanhu vabvunza chii Ammonia inoshandiswa Nekuti, mhinduro iri nyore: inenge zvese, kutanga nechikafu chedu. Iyo imwechete yakakura application ye Ammonia-Accounting yeanopfuura 80% yezvose Ammonia yakagadzirwa Globally-ndeye kugadzirwa kwefetiraiza. Ndiyo yekutanga tsime re nitrogen for Ammonia fettilizer Zvigadzirwa saUrea neAmmonium Nitrate. Pasina izvi gasi reindasitiri, Hatina kukwanisa kuraramisa goho ririmwa raifanira kupa huwandu hwenyika. Ichi chinongedzo ku Kugadzirwa kwechikafu inoita kuti ive yakavimbika Ammonia nenyaya yekuchengetedzwa kwepasi rose.

Kupfuura nepurazi, Ammonia ane Yakawanda Maindasitiri Inoshanda. Chinhu chakakosha mu kugadzirwa kwepurasitiki, fibles syndes saNylon, zvinoputika, uye mishonga yakawanda. Mumvura kurapwa kwezvivakwa, Ammonia inoshandiswa kuburitsa Chloramine, disinfectant iyo yakagadzikana uye ine mari refu-inogara kupfuura chlorine. The the yeMakemikari Indasitiri anovimba zvakanyanya Ammonia Sechivharo chivakwa chevanovavarira zvimwe maindasitiri emakemikari. Chaizvoizvo, kana iwe ukaona chigadzirwa chine nitrogen, pane mukana wakanaka uyo Ammonia akabatanidzwa mune zvakasikwa.

Uyezve, Ammonia inoshanda Semunhu anoshanda kwazvo uye zvakatipoteredza firiji. Nguva refu isati yagadzirwa yeFreon, Ammonia yaive firiji yesarudzo ye Maindasitiri Efiria Masystem, uye zviri kuita huru kudzoka kukuru. Nechikwaniso chenyika yepasirese Kubva kune yakakura-chiyero chikafu chekugadzirisa zvidyarwa kune ice rinks, Ammonia Fafigaration Systems Ipa kutonhora kunoshanda. Izvi gasi rinoshandiswa Nenzira zhinji dzakavanzika dzinotsigira hupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva. Izvi Zvinosiyana zveindasitiri maindasitiri simbisa kuti zvakakosha sei izvi gasi Chaizvoizvo.

Nei Ahyydrous Ammonia akakosha maindasitiri mazhinji?

Izwi rekuti iwe unowanzo kunzwa mukati Maindasitiri marongero ndizvo Anhydrous Ammonia. Izvi zvinongoreva Ammonia Icho chakachena uye chine mashoma kana kuti isina mvura (an-hydrous = "isina mvura"). Ndiyo fomu yakakosha ye Ammonia inoshandiswa mune anenge zvese Maindasitiri ekushandisa. Nekuti haina kusarudzika, ndiyo nzira yakanyanya kuomeswa uye inoshanda yekutakura uye kushandisa nitrogen. Yemurimi, uchishandisa Anhydrous Ammonia zvakananga kune ivhu rinonunura huwandu hwakanyanya hwe nitrogen hutano kune zvirimwa mune yakagadzikana fomu. Kuchena kwayo ndiko kunoita kuti ive ine simba uye inoshanda.

Munyika yekubatwa nesimbi, Ammonia inoparadzaniswa (yakaputsika pasi) mukati hydrogen uye nitrogen panguva kupisa kwakanyanya. Uyu musanganiswa unobva washandiswa kuomesa simbi simbi mune maitiro anonzi nitriding. The the nitrogen Maatomu anokanganisa mukati mezvikamu zvesimbi, achigadzira iyo yakaoma yekubatanidza iyo inoramba inopfeka uye kuparadzanisa. Izvo zvinoshandiswawo seyakagadzirirwa mamiriro ekudzivirira munzvimbo kudzivirira oxidation panguva yekuwedzera. Mune dzimwe nzira dzekushandisa, dzakaparadzaniswa Ammonia inogona kushandiswa seanonzi nhoo gasi. Basa rayo pano rinotsoropodza rekugadzira rinogara, rakakwirira-perform simbi.

Pakupedzisira, mumakemikari Synthesis, Anhydrous Ammonia isimba rine simba uye reagenile reagent. Amonia inoshandiswawo Mukugadzirwa kwe nitric acid, inova precursor kune zvese kubva kune dhayi kuenda kuRoker Propellants. Kugona kwayo kuita senge chigadziko kunoita kuti zvive zvakakosha pakurerekera acidic byproducts mumakemikari maitiro. Kana mutungamiriri wekutakura kunge mucherechedzo shangu Ammonia. Industrial akasiyana maitiro. Kuchena kwayo kunovimbisa mibairo inofungidzirwa uye yakavimbika, iyo isingataurike mumatanda akakwirira kugadzira.

"Mumakore angu makumi matatu mukuviga kwemakemikari, ndakadzidza chinhu chimwe chete: kuchena kwezvinhu zvako zvekushandisa zviyero zvinomiririra kunaka kwechigadzirwa chako chekupedzisira. Na Ammonia, hapana nzvimbo yekukanganisa. Tsime rakavimbika rekuchena kwakanyanya Anhydrous Ammonia ndiyo nheyo yeiyo yakagadzikana yekugadzira mutsara. "- Indasitiri Veteran

Ndezvipi zvinhu zvakakosha zveAmbimoni kuratidzwa kweAmmonia uye vangadzikiswa sei?

Pasinei nokushandisa kwayo kwakapararira, tinofanira kugara tichiremekedza Njodzi dzeAmmonia. Iyo inogadziriswa sechinhu chine muchetura uye chakashatisa chinhu. Kuratidzwa kuAmonia inogona kukonzera kutsamwiswa kwakasimba paganda, maziso, pahuro, nemapapu. Nekuti Amonia inonyanya kuvezwa Mumvura, inokurumidza kutsvagira unyoro mumuviri, zvichitungamira kumakemikari kupisa. Inhaling yakakwira mazinga eAmmonia inogona kufa. Njodzi yekutanga mukati Maindasitiri marongero inouya kubva ku tsaona kuburitswa kubva kumanikidzwa matangi ekuchengetedza matangi kana pombi. Ichi chikonzero nei zvakadzama protocols isiri kungo kurudziro; ndizvo zvinodikanwa.

Kudzikisira njodzi dze Ammonia kuratidzwa Anotanga neinjiniya ekudzora. Zvivakwa izvo Shandisa Ammonia Inofanirwa kunge iine mudziyo wekugara masisitimu uye leak kuona sensors iyo inogona kukonzeresa maalarm uye otomatiki shutdowns. Zvivakwa zvekudzivirira pachako (PPE) ndiwo mutsara unotevera wekudzivirira. Chero ani zvake anoshanda pedyo huwandu hweAmmonia Inofanirwa kuve yakagadzirirwa uye yakadzidziswa kushandisa mafirita, magurovhosi ekudzivirira emakemikari, uye gasi-rakasimba goggles kana nheyo dziso. Isu tine chokwadi chekuti vashandi vedu vese vakadzidziswa zvakanyanya pamaitiro aya.

Zvichida zano rakanyanya kuderera maitiro ekugadziriswa kwekukurumidza. Nzvimbo imwe neimwe inofanira kuve nemazwi ekukurumidzira, zviito zvemaziso, uye chirongwa chakajeka, chakanyatsozvidzoreredzwa. Kudzidziswa vashandi pane zvekuita kana kuratidzwa kuAmonia kunogona kukonzera Chinyorwa chakanyanya. Hazvisi zvekungobata chete gasi zvakachengeteka panguva yekushanda kwakajairika; Izvo ndezve kuziva chaizvo maitiro ekuita kana chimwe chinhu chikatadza. Kumutenga, izvi zvakakosha. Anotsigira anonyanya kukoshesa uye anogona kuratidza aya matanho ekuchengetedza ndeaanonzwisisa hunhu hwechokwadi hwechigadzirwa chavari kutengesa. Paunenge uchibata uine simba gasi reindasitiri kunge Ammonia, iwe unoda mumwe wako anokoshesa kuchengetedza zvakanyanya sezvaunoita iwe.

Kuchengetedzeka kweAmmonia kunofanira kutarisirwa sei?

Zvakakodzera kuchengetwa kweAmmonia Chinhu chinonetsa chekugadzirisa njodzi dzayo uye uchine chekuita chakagadzikana. Sezvo Amonia ine yakakwira misoro kumanikidza tembiricha tembiricha, Ammonia inofanira Chengetwa kana kunge mvura pasi pekumanikidzwa kana mune yakafemerwa zvizere mamiriro pakumanikidzwa kwemweya. Zvidiki zvidiki zvinowanzochengetwa mumakona akamanikidzwa kana matangi, se Tembiricha yakadzika inosimbisa gasi cylinder tinopa. Midziyo iyi inovakwa kuti ishe masimba makuru uye yakashongedzerwa nemavhiri emavhiri ekumhanyisa kudzivirira kutadza kwekutadza kana kuyambuka-kudzvanywa.

Zvekukura huwandu hweAmmonia, akadai seaya anowanikwa pane zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira kana hukuru hwekugovaniswa, kuchengetedza kwakajairika kwakajairika. The the Ammonia inotonhorera kusvika Boiling Point (-33 ° C) uye yakachengetwa mumatangi makuru, ane mavara akanaka. Iyi nzira inoderedza kudzvinyirira mukati meTangi, ichiita kuti ive yakachengeteka. Nekudaro, icho zvinoda Iyo yekuenderera mberi yeferiya system kuchengetedza iyo yakadzika tembiricha, iyo inowedzera kuoma uye mutengo. Nzira dzose dziri mbiri dzinoda kuongororwa nguva dzose uye kuchengetedza matangi, mapaipi, uye mavharuvha kuti ave nechokwadi chekuvimbika kwavo.

Semutengesi, tinonzwisisa kuti zvinhu uye zvekuchengetedza zvakakosha zvine chekuita nevatengi vedu. Isu tinoona kuti zvedu Ammonia yakarongedzerwa uye inotakurwa mukuteerera nemitemo yose yenyika. Iyo cylinders nematanho atinoshandisa, kungave kwakachena Ammonia kana Gasi zvigadzirwa, zvinoedzwa uye zvakasimbiswa. Zvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa kuchengetedza Ammonia Inofanirwa kusarudzwa chaizvo - semuenzaniso, iyo corrodes mhangura, ndarira, uye zinc, saka simbi ndiyo zvinyorwa zvesarudzo. Kubvumidza kwakakodzera, maitiro ekuchengetedza, uye zvinyorwa zvakajeka ndezvimwe chikamu chechengetedzo yekuchengetedza nzira inovimbisa gasi Anosvika kunzvimbo yako zvakachengeteka uye akagadzirira kushandiswa.

Chii chinonzi mamiriro ekunze eAmmonia uye kusimuka kwegreen Amonia?

Isu tinofanirwa kuve akatendeka nezve kukanganisa kwezvemamiriro ekunze kweAmmonia kugadzirwa. Iyo tsika yetsika-bosch maitiro akaimba zvakanyanya Fossil mafuta, zvakananga gasi rechisikigo, zvese sedura re hydrogen uye seyakasarudzika simba kune simba rakakwira-tembiricha, yepamusoro-kudzvanywa kuita. Maitiro aya chiitiko chakakosha che carbon dioxide (Co₂) emissions, chikuru greenhouse gasi. Sezvo nyika inofamba yakananga kuConarbonization, iyo gasi reindasitiri Sector iri kushingairira kutsvaga nzira dzakachenesa gadzira Ammonia.

Dambudziko iri rakapa mukana we "Green Ammonia." Ichi chi Ammonia yakagadzirwa uchishandisa maitiro ayo ari zvachose akasununguka kabhoni emission. The the Synthesis Nzira yakafanana, asi maiputi akasiyana. The the hydrogen inogadzirwa kuburikidza nemvura Electrolysis yakaiswa pasi pesimba resimba rinowanikwa semhepo kana solar, uye iyo nitrogen ichiri kuparadzaniswa nemhepo. Zvinokonzerwa Ammonia Molecule yakafanana, asi kugadzirwa kwayo kunosiya nzvimbo diki yemhoteredzo. Ndichiri kudhura kupfuura nzira dzechinyakare, mutengo we Green Ammonia inotarisirwa kuderera sesimba rinotsvuka rinove rakachipa uye kuwedzera kwakapararira.

Nyangwe Ammonia Ichochocho chinogona kunge chiri kusvibisa kana chakaburitswa nenzira yemvura (uko zvinokuvadza kune hupenyu hwemumvura), kunetseka kwaro kukuru kwakaipa ndiko kugadzirwa kwaro. Shanduko ye Green Ammonia inomiririra mukana mukuru. Izvo hazvingonatsa chete kugadzirwa kwe fetiraiza uye maindasitiri emakemikari asi zvakare zvinzvimbo Ammonia Semutakuri anogona kutakura simba rekuvandudza. Iyo indasitiri iri kuchinjika, uye sechigadziro chekufunga-kufunga, isu tiri kunyatsotarisa uye kuisa mari mune tekinoroji ichaita iyo kugadzirwa kweAmmonia kusimudzira kuzvizvarwa zvinotevera.

Ungaite sei kuti uone kunaka uye certification muammonia synthesis?

Kumutengi saMark Shen, bhizinesi rayo rinovimba nemagasi ekugadzira makambani, mhando uye certification haina kana isingataurike. Pfungwa yekurwadziwa yechitupa ndeyechokwadi uye inogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakakura. Saka, unoona sei Ammonia Uri kutenga unosangana nezvimwe zvinodiwa zvekuchena uye zvinodzokororwa negwaro zviri pamutemo? Nhanho yekutanga ndeyekuda chitupa chekuongorora (coa) kune yega batch. Gwaro iri, rakapihwa nemutengesi, ruzivo rwiyo rwechokwadi rwe gasi, kusanganisira kuchena kwe Ammonia uye mazinga eAmmonia Kusvibiswa semvura nemafuta.

Nekudaro, chitupa chakangovimbika sekambani inoburitsa. Apa ndipo panowanikwa mukurumbira uye kuturukirwa uye transpency. Mutengesi akavimbika anofanira kunge achida uye anokwanisa kufamba iwe kuburikidza nemhando yavo yekudzora maitiro. Pafekitori yangu, semuenzaniso, isu tinoshandisa epamberi gasi chromatography kuongorora zvigadzirwa zvedu. Isu tinogamuchira yechitatu-bato yekuongorora uye kuongorora kubva kune vatengi vedu. Isu tinotenda mukuvaka kuvimba kuburikidza nekujeka. Iwe unofanirwa kukwanisa kubvunza, "Ndiratidze yako lab, ndiratidze yako nzira yekuyedza, ndiratidze yako maitiro emhando yako manejimendi eso 9001" Mhinduro inozeza kana isina kujeka itsara huru matsvuku.

Usatya kukumbira mareferenzi. Taura kune vamwe vatengi, kunyanya avo vari mudunhu rako kana indasitiri. Ruzivo rwavo rwekutanga-ruoko rwakakosha. Paunenge uchikurukura nezvezvidhori, bvunza nezvematanho chaiwo avanotora kudzivirira kusvibiswa panguva yekuzadza nekutakura. Semuenzaniso, matangi akazvitsaurira emagasi chaiwo, senge yedu chaiyo Hydrogen cylinder, dzivirira kuyambuka-kusvibiswa. Pakupedzisira, kuratidza hunhu ndezve kushingairira. Zvinoda mubatanidzwa nemutengesi uyo anokuona iwe sekutengeserana, asi semumwe wenguva refu mumwe wake budiriro akasungirirwa kune yavo.

Ammonia aigona kuve ramangwana rehuni dzakachena here?

Chimwe chezvakanyanya kunakidza ramangwana zvikumbiro zve Ammonia ndiyo ingano yayo se zero-kabhoni mafuta. Pfungwa haisi itsva, asi yakawana traction yakakura kwazvo mukusundira kweGlobal decarbonization. Rini Ammonia inoshandiswa se mafuta, inobatanidza kuburitsa chete nitrogen uye mvura-kwete carbon dioxide. Izvi zvinozviita zvinoshamisa zvinoshamisa nzira dzekutsvaga kwemafuta, kunyanya muzvikamu zvakaoma kusema, kunge maritari kutumira uye indasitiri inorema.

Mukana wakanyanya Ammonia ane se mafuta isimba rayo density. Nepo isiri sesimba-dense senge peturu kana dizil, yakanyanya kutakura pane yakamanikidzwa hydrogen, uye inogona kuchengetwa semvura pakumanikidzwa zvine mwero uye tembiricha. Izvi zvinoita kuti zviite nyore uye zvakachengetera kuchengeta nekutakura mune yakakura huwandu. Nzvimbo dzepasi rese dzekubereka, kuchengetedza, uye kutumira Ammonia zvatovepo, nekutenda kune ayo shandisa mukurima. Isu tinogona kuwedzera iyi iripo network kuvaka chitsva Ammonia-Kubva kuhupfumi hwemagetsi.

Nekudaro, matambudziko anosara. Ammonia Zvinogona kuve zvakaoma kusanganisa, uye kurwadzisa kwaro kunogona dzimwe nguva kunogona kuburitsa nitrogen oides (nox), izvo zvinokuvadza zvisina kunaka, asi matekinoroji ari kugadziriswa kuti aderedze izvi. Dambudziko rakakura riri kuyerera kugadzirwa kwegreen ammonia kusangana nezvinodiwa. Asi zvinogona kuitika. Amonia aigona Iva nzira yekutanga isu tinochengetedza uye kutakura simba rekuvandudza kubva kunzvimbo dzezuva uye nemhepo dzemhepo kusvika kune huwandu hwehuwandu hwepasi rese. Sechigadziri chose Ammonia uye chikamu chacho chemhando, isu tiri kumberi kweichi kungangoita shanduko, ndakagadzirira kugovera hydrogen uye nitrogen inodiwa simba ramangwana rakachenesa.

Chii chaunofanira kutarisa mune yakavimbika Ammonia mutengesi?

Kutsvaga mutengesi akakodzera ari pamusoro pemutengo unopfuura chete. Kune muridzi webhizinesi saMark, ndezve kutsvaga kuwana mumwe wako anogona kubvisa pfungwa dzekurwadziwa senge mabviro ekutaurirana uye kunonoka kutumirwa. Kutanga uye kunyanya, tarisa hunyanzvi. Ko mutengesi anonzwisisa zvinhu zvehunyanzvi zve gasi, macomples ayo, uye zvinodiwa nekuchengetedza? Mumiriri anoziva ekutengesa anogona kuve chinhu chakakosha chivakwa, kukubatsira kugadzirisa matambudziko kwete kungotora oda. Sekureva kwaAllen, ini ndinoona timu yangu yakadzidziswa kwete mukutengesa, asi mune izvo zvakakosha zve gasi reindasitiri zvikumbiro.

Chechipiri, ongorora kwavo kugadzirwa uye kusagadzikana kugona. Fekitori ine mitsara yakawanda yekugadzira, sesu, yakavaka-mune redundancy, kuderedza njodzi yeimwe pfungwa yekutadza kunokonzeresa kunonoka. Bvunza nezve yavo yekugovera keteni manejimendi. Vanobata sei kutumira? Ndezvipi zvazvo zvinotungamira zvinotungamira? Ivo vane ruzivo rwekuendesa kunze kwenyika yako uye kubata tsika? Anopa mutengesi ane rondedzero yehurukuro yekuenda ku-nguva yekutumira kuUSA, Europe, kana Australia inoratidza huwandu hwekugona kwehunyanzvi hunogona kukupa rugare rwepfungwa. Vanofanira kukwanisa kupa kwete chete Ammonia, asi huwandu hwakazara hwezvigadzirwa senge oxygen uye carbon dioxide.

Pakupedzisira, uye zvakanyanya kukosha, tsvaga kuzvipira kushandira. Izvi zvinoreva kutaurirana kwakajeka, kungwara. Kana paine kunonoka kunonoka, iwe unofanirwa kunge uri wekutanga kuziva, kwete kwekupedzisira. Zvinoreva kupa chokwadi chechokwadi, vatsanangudzo yeCertification kune zvese zvinotumirwa. Izvi zvinoreva kuve kuwanikwa kupindura mibvunzo uye kushanda kuburikidza nematambudziko pamwe chete. Anopa iye akakodzera munhu anodyara mukubudirira kwako nekuti anoziva kuti kukura kwako ndiko kukura kwavo. Havangwanise kukutengesa iwe gasi risina ruvara Mune cylinder; Ivo vanopa yakavimbika, yepamusoro-mhando chikamu chebhizimusi rako bhizinesi.

Key Deaaroways

Sezvatakaongorora nyika Ammonia, kubva pane zvaro zvakakosha Synthesis kune kugona kwayo seyakachena mafuta, mashoma mashoma mapepa anomira kunze kwemutengi chero weindasitiri:

• Ammonia yakakosha: Iyo nhaurwa gasi reindasitiri, kutsoropodza kurima, kupararira, uye makemikari kugadzira. Kukosha kwayo hakugone kuve kwakaringana.
• Unhu huri kutaurirana: Kuchena kwe Ammonia, kunyanya Anhydrous Ammonia, zvakananga zvinokanganisa kuchengetedzwa uye kubudirira kwekushandisa kwayo. Gara uchida uye uone chitupa chekuongorora.
• Chekutanga Kutanga: Ammonia chinhu chine ngozi. Muchengetedzi akavimbika anofanira kuratidza kuzvipira kwakadzama kuti abate zvakachengeteka, kuchengetedza, uye protocols yekufambisa.
• Ramangwana Rirema: Iyo indasitiri iri kufamba yakatarisana AMMONA kugadzirwa. Partning neyekutungamira-yekufunga mutengesi anovimbisa yako yekutengesa ketani yakagadzirira ramangwana.
• Kubatana pamusoro pemutengo: Mutengesi anovimbika anopa zvinopfuura mutengo wemakwikwi. Ivo vanopa hunyanzvi, kutaurirana pachena, uye kuvimbika kwezvinhu, kubvisa kunonoka kunodhura uye njodzi.