Hydrogène, nk'abatwara ingufu zisukuye kandi bitandukanye kandi byita cyane nkuko isi ishaka kwimukira aho ingufu zirambye. Kimwe mu bitekerezo byingenzi mugukoresha ubushobozi bwa hydrogène nuburyo bwo gutanga umusaruro. Hariho byinshi Ubwoko bwa hydrogen inzira, buri kimwe hamwe nibyiza byihariye nibibazo. Muri iki kiganiro, tuzasesengura uburyo butandukanye bwo gutanga hydrogène no gucengera mubiranga.

1. Ivugurura rya Methane (SMR)

Ivugurura rya Methane nuburyo bukunze gutangazwa hydrogène, kubara hafi 95% yo gutanga hydrogen kwisi yose. Iyi nzira ikubiyemo gufata gaze karemano hamwe nubushyuhe bukabije bwo kubyara hydrogène na monoxide monoxyde de carbone. Ivangura rivuyemo noneho ritunganijwe kugirango ubone hydrogène nziza. SMR atoneshwa imikorere yacyo nigiciro-cyibiciro, ariko ni ngombwa kumenya ko atari inzira itaboganwa na karubone, kuko ivamo irekurwa rya karuboni.

2. Amashanyarazi

Amashanyarazi ni inzira ikoresha amashanyarazi mugutandukanya amazi muri hydrogen na ogisijeni. Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwingenzi bwa electrolysis: alkaline electrolysis na membrane (pem) electrolysis. Alkaline electrolyse yakoreshejwe mumyaka mirongo kandi izwiho kwizerwa, mugihe pem electrolysis ari ukunguka gukurura kubera ubushobozi bwo gukora neza no guhinduka. Amashanyarazi arashobora gukoreshwa ningufu zishobora kuvugururwa, bikaba yakanwa ryingenzi kumusaruro urambye.

3. Biomass yagabanijwe

Gusimbuza biomass bikubiyemo guhindura ibikoresho kama nkibipapuro byibiti, ibisigazwa byubuhinzi, cyangwa imyanda muri gaze ya synthesis (syngas) binyuze mubikorwa bya theructhical. Syanas irashobora gukosorwa kubyara hydrogen. Gusimbuza biomass bitanga ibyiza byo gukoresha imyanda kama kandi birashobora gutanga umusanzu wo kugabanya imyuka ya gaze ya Greenhouse mugihe ikoreshwa mu buryo burambye. Ariko, bisaba gusuzuma neza ibiryo biboneka nibibazo byinjira.

4. Amazi ya Photobiologiya

Ubu buryo bushya bukoresha mikorobe ya fotosioresches cyangwa bagiteri ya momiya kugirango handness urumuri hanyuma uhindure amazi muri hydrogen na ogisijeni. Mugihe ukiri mubyiciro byambere byiterambere, amafoto ya Photobiologiya atandukana umusaruro wa hydrogene ushobora kongerwa. Ubushakashatsi muri uyu murima bwibanda ku kuzamura imikorere no gutera ubwoba inzira yo kubikora mubucuruzi.

5. Amazi ya TheRochemical

Gutandukanya kwa Thermochemical bikubiyemo gukoresha ubushyuhe bwo hejuru kugirango ugabanye amazi muri hydrogen na ogisijeni binyuze murukurikirane rwimyitwarire yimiti. Ubu buryo bukunze gukoresha imbaraga zizuba ryibanze cyangwa andi makuru yubushyuhe kugirango atware inzira. Gutandukanya kwa Thermochemical bifite ubushobozi bwo guhumurizwa na sisitemu yingufu zishobora gukoreshwa kandi irashobora gukora ubudahwema, ikabigira agace k'ubushakashatsi bukora bwa Sydrogan.

6. Umusaruro wa Hydrogen

Ingufu za kirimbuzi zirashobora gukoreshwa kugirango utange hydrogène binyuze mu bushyuhe bwa electrolysis cyangwa inzira ya thermochechemical. Ihuriro ryinshi ryibiti byatewe nabavugizi kwa kirimbuzi birashobora gukoreshwa muri Steam Electrolysis, mugihe ubushyuhe bwa kirimbuzi bushobora gutwara ibitsina bya thermochemical. Umusaruro wa hydrogène uratanga ibyiza byamashanyarazi ahoraho kandi yizewe adafite umwuka gakoko ka Greenhouse, ariko kandi itera ibitekerezo bijyanye numutekano nimyanda.

Mu gusoza, uburyo butandukanye bwo kubyara hydrogène butanga amahirwe atandukanye yo kuzuza ibyifuzo byiyongera kubingufu zisukuye. Buri cyegera cyerekana ibyiza bye nibibazo, kandi nubushakashatsi bukomeje no guhanga udushya ni ngombwa muguhitamo ibyo bikorwa no guteza imbere imisaruro irambye yo gukora hydrogen ya hydrogen. Mugihe isi yibanda ku migambi yo guteranagura, uruhare rwa hydrogène nkicyingenzi cyinzibacyuho isukuye igizwe no gukomera, gutwara ibinyabiziga byingenzi mubuhanga bwa hydrogen.