Tekereza chip ntoya ya mudasobwa iha agaciro terefone yawe, mudasobwa igendanwa, niyo imodoka yawe. Ibi bikoresho bidasanzwe byubatswe bifite ishingiro rikabije, kandi kumutima wibikorwa byabo bibeshya ariko byingenzi: imyuka yihariye. Iyi ngingo irashakisha uruhare rukomeye iyi myuga ya ultra-ndende ikina muri semiconductor kandi ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki inganda, gusobanura impamvu ubuziranenge bwabo aribyingenzi nuburyo bashoboza ibihimbano y'ikoranabuhanga twishingikiriza buri munsi. Tekereza nkibi: Iyi myuga nibikoresho byibanga bikora bigezweho ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki birashoboka. Gusobanukirwa akamaro kabo ni urufunguzo rwo gusobanukirwa ejo hazaza h'ikoranabuhanga.

Kwirukana mubisobanuro: Uruhare rukomeye rwinda

Reka dusuzume buri kibazo muburyo burambuye.

1. Niki gitera gaze "gaze ya semiconductor" cyangwa "gaze yihariye ya gaze"?

Ntabwo aribyose gaze iremwa ingana, cyane cyane iyo bigeze muburyo bworoshye bwa Inganda ya Semiconductor. Indwara ya Semiconductor, uzwi kandi nka imyuka yihariye ya elegitoroniki, gutunga urwego rwo hejuru rwa ubuziranenge. Ibi bivuze ko bagizwe rwose nuwagenewe gaze, hamwe na mincule ntarengwa yibindi bintu, akenshi bipimwa mubice kuri miliyari (ppb). Bitandukanye imyuka nini ikoreshwa mu zindi nganda, ibi imyuka yihariye bamejwe kubintu byabo byihariye bya shimi nubushobozi bwabo bwo gukora imikorere myiza muri ibihimbano ya mantrike Ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Ibi imyuka ikoreshwa ntabwo ari ibikoresho fatizo, ariko nk'abatabitabiriye ikigo Ibisubizo by'imiti kubaka Ibikoresho bya Semiconductor.

Ibishushanyo biranga an gaze ya elegitoroniki ni kugenzurwa Itunganijwe neza. Ibi imyuka na gaze bakunze kwitwara neza cyangwa inert, watoranijwe neza kubushobozi bwabo etch, dope, cyangwa gukora ibiceri byihariye kuri a Silicon Wafer. Kurugero, bamwe imyuka Byakoreshejwe Kuri Kubitsa Filime Zinanutse (Kubitsa), mugihe abandi bakoreshwa muri etching inzira yo gukuraho ibikoresho udashaka. The umushyitsi Ibisabwa muri inganda za elegitoroniki icyifuzo Ibikoresho byo gukundwa cyane Kugirango wizerwe n'imikorere ya nyuma Ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Urashobora gushakisha imitsi yacu kugirango wumve ibintu bitandukanye bihari.

2. Kuki ultra-muremure urwaye cyane gaze ikoreshwa mu guhimba semiconductor?

Tekereza kugerageza kubaka ibara ryijimye hamwe namatafari yinyenzi - ntabwo byakora gusa. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, the ibihimbano ya semiconductor chip irasabwa Ultra-Isuku. Ndetse no murwego rwo hejuru umwanda muri gaze yakoreshejwe irashobora kugira ingaruka mbi. Ibi umwanda ibintu, kimwe ogisijeni n'ubushuhe, irashobora kwivanga kuri delicate Ibisubizo by'imiti mu gihe Umusaruro wa Semiconductor, biganisha ku nenge kandi amaherezo, kunanirwa kwa Ibikoresho bya Semiconductor.

The urwego rw'ubusumbane bisabwa imyuka mu nganda zikoresha semiconductor ni Mubikorwa byinshi kwisi. Turimo kuvuga Ultra-Isuku, aho ibice kuri miliyari byabanduye birashobora kubangamira. Kurugero, kuboneka kwabishaka ions irashobora guhindura imitungo y'amashanyarazi ya silicon, shiraho Uwiteka wafer ntacyo bimaze. Iyi niyo mpamvu ari umunyabwenge Igenzura ryiza no gutera imbere kwezwa tekinike ni ngombwa rwose utanga isoko ya Indwara ya Semiconductor. Bitekerezeho nko guteka agatsima - ndetse na gato gato yibintu bidakwiye birashobora kwangiza ibintu byose.

3. Ni izihe myuka ari bo bakora imirimo y'inganda za semiconductor?

Mugihe benshi imyuka yihariye Gira uruhare, bamwe ni akazi k'impamyabumenyi muri inganda za semiconductor. Azote ikoreshwa cyane nka an inert gaze Gukora ikirere kigenzurwa, kubuza udashaka Ibisubizo by'imiti. Argon, undi inert gaze idasanzwe, nabyo ni ngombwa mu gushinga ibidukikije bigenzurwa, cyane cyane mukwambika undi Kubitsa inzira. Hydrogen bigira uruhare runini mu kugabanya oxide kandi kandi nkumutwara gaze.

Birenze ibyo, ogisijeni ikoreshwa muburyo bwa okiside kugirango ireme silicon dioxyde, ibintu byingenzi bifatika. Dioxyde de carbone Shakisha porogaramu zimwe etching. Helium, undi gaze idasanzwe, ikoreshwa mugutahura kandi nka conogenic coolant. Gusobanukirwa ibintu byihariye bya buri gaze ni ngombwa kugirango utezimbere ibyiciro bitandukanye bya ibihimbano bya semiconductor. Gusa nkibikoresho bitandukanye birakenewe kubikorwa bitandukanye, bitandukanye imyuka birakenewe kubwintambwe zitandukanye mugukora chip. Urashobora kwiga byinshi kubyerekeye ubuziranenge bwacu Nitrogen amahitamo.

4. Nigute hydrogen ikoreshwa cyane muri semiconductor na elegitoroniki ikora?

Hydrogen ni ihuriro gaze hamwe nibisabwa byinshi bikomeye muri semiconductor na Inganda za elegitoroniki. Imwe mukoresha ibanza ni kugabanya ibyuma oxides. Mubyiciro bimwe bya ibihimbano bya semiconductor, udashaka oxide Ibice birashobora gushiraho kuri Silicon Wafer. Ubuziranenge-ubuziranenge hydrogen ikora nkumukozi ugabanya, ufatana na oxide Kuyikuraho no gusiga isuku silicon hejuru.

Byongeye kandi, hydrogen bikunze gukoreshwa nkabatwara gaze muburyo butandukanye Kubitsa inzira. Ifasha gutwara izindi reaction imyuka Kuri wafer ubuso mu buryo bugenzurwa, bushimangire imikurire imwe. Kwiyongera kwibanda ku birambye nabyo ni ugutwara inyungu muri Icyatsi kibisi Kuri izi porogaramu. Igenzura nyaryo ryatanzwe na hydrogen Biyigira igikoresho ntagereranywa mugukora imiterere ya microchips. Dutanga kwizerwa Hydrogen silinder ibisubizo kubyo ukeneye.

5. Ni uruhe ruhare azote akora mu kubungabunga ubuziranenge mu nganda za semiconductor?

Azote ni ikintu cyose kandi cyingenzi gaze muri inganda za semiconductor, cyane cyane biterwa nabyo inert Kamere. Uruhare rwingenzi ni ugukomeza kandi kubungabunga ikirere kubuntu ibintu bifatika nka ogisijeni n'ubushuhe, bushobora kwanduza Ibikoresho bya Semiconductor no kubangamira Ibisubizo by'imiti. Bitekerezeho nk'igitambaro kikingira inzira yo gukora.

Mubyiciro bitandukanye bya ibihimbano bya semiconductor, kuva kuri Crystal gukura kuri wafer Gutunganya no guterana, azote ikoreshwa mubikoresho byo gushushanya, kora ibidukikije, kandi wirinde okiside. Ibi bifasha kugabanya inenge no kwemeza ubuziranenge bwumukino wo hejuru kandi wizewe Ibikoresho bya Semiconductor. Itunganijwe kandi ryizewe ryubuziranenge azote ni telemount kuri Abakora Semiconductor. Shakisha ibitandukanye Azote gutanga amahitamo kugirango umusaruro wawe ukore neza.

6. Kuki argon yakunze gukundwa nka gaze inert muri semiconductor?

Bisa azote, argon ni umunyacyubahiro gaze bityo rero chimily inert, kubigira amahitamo meza yo gukora ikirere cyagenzuwe muri inzira ya semiconductor. Mugihe azote Byakoreshejwe cyane, argon itanga inyungu zimwe muburyo bwihariye. Uburemere bwa kinome hejuru ugereranije azote Bituma birushaho gukora neza mugukumira udukoko tudashaka umwanda atome.

Argon ikunze gukoreshwa mukuzunguza, a Kubitsa tekinike aho ibikoresho bigamije ibisasu ions, bitera atom gusohora no kubikwa nka firime yoroheje kuri wafer. Imvugo yacyo irabuza gufata ibikoresho byagenewe cyangwa firime yabitswe. Argon nayo ikoreshwa mu plasma etching. Nka azote, guha agaciro kwiza-kwemererwa argon ni ngombwa mugukomeza ubusugire bwa inzira yo gukora. Tekereza kwizerwa Gaze ya argon amahitamo kubikoresho byawe.

7. Kurenga ibyingenzi: Ni ubuhe bundi buryo bwihariye bwa elegitoroniki ni ngombwa?

Mugihe hydrogen, azote, na argon ni ishingiro, urutonde rwibindi imyuka yihariye ya elegitoroniki ni ngombwa kubisabwa byihariye muri Inganda ya Semiconductor. Yamazaki ni urufunguzo dopant Inkomoko yo Kumenyekanisha FOSPhorus silicon, guhindura imishinga yayo. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, Arsine (irimo arsenic) na diborane (irimo Boron) ikoreshwa nka dopants.

Helium, urumuri gaze idasanzwe, ikoreshwa mugutahura muri sisitemu ya vacuum kandi nkumukozi ukonje kubera ikintu gito. Fluorine-Kora imyuka, nka sulfuru Hexafluoride, ikoreshwa mu plasma etching kubera ubushobozi bwabo bwo guhitamo gukuraho ibikoresho. Ihuriro ryihariye rya imyuka na gaze Byakoreshejwe biterwa nibisobanutse neza inzira ya semiconductor abigizemo uruhare. Dutanga ubugari intera ya gaze guhura nibikenewe bitandukanye.

8. Ni izihe ngamba zikomeye zemeza ko imyuga ya semiconductor yo hejuru?

Kubungabunga Ultra Hejuru ya Indwara ya Semiconductor bisaba uburyo bwinshi bwo kwiyegereza cyane umushyitsi ingamba kuri buri cyiciro, uhereye kumusaruro kugirango utange. Kwezwa Inzira zirimo tekinike zihanishwa nkitandukaniro, adsorption, no gutandukana na Membrane kugirango ukureho ikibazo umwanda. Ubuhanga Gusesenguras ikoreshwa kugirango ukomeze gukurikirana Isuku.

Cylinders ikoreshwa muguka no gutwara ibi imyuka Gusukura bikomeye no kugerageza kugirango wirinde kwanduza. Utanga isokoS muriyi nganda igomba kubahiriza hejuru Igenzura ryiza Ibipimo kandi akenshi bifata ibyemezo byerekana ubushobozi bwabo bwo kuzuza ibyo basabwa. Urunigi rwose rufite rwagenewe kugabanya ibyago byo kumenyekanisha umwanda muri ibi bikoresho bikomeye. Uruganda rwacu rufite imirongo 7 yumuntu iremeza ibipimo byo hejuru byubuziranenge.

9. Nigute umwanda muri semiconductor ugira ingaruka kubicuruzwa byanyuma?

Ingaruka za micouscule amafaranga ya umwanda in Indwara ya Semiconductor Birashobora kuba ingirakamaro, biganisha ku indenga no kugabanya imikorere kumukino wanyuma Ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Abanduye barashobora guhungabanya icyoroshye Ibisubizo by'imiti mu gihe Kubitsa na etching, biganisha ku bice bitari kimwe cyangwa bihatirwa. Umwanda atome irashobora kandi kwinjizwa muri silicon lattice, guhindura imitungo yayo y'amashanyarazi kandi birashoboka ko byananiranye ibikoresho.

Amaherezo, umwanda irashobora kugabanya umusaruro wimikorere Ibikoresho bya Semiconductor, ongera ibiciro byo gukora, hanyuma uteshuke kwizerwa kwanyuma ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Iyi niyo mpamvu inganda za semiconductor Shira gushimangira cyane kuri Isuku kandi ikorana cyane utanga isokos ninde ushobora kwemeza ibisabwa Ultra-Isuku. Tekereza ikintu kimwe cyumukungugu wangiza microscopique circuit - icyo nikibazo cyikibazo.

10. KUBONA INTEGO: Ni ibihe bihe bizaza biri mu gazi bya semiconductor na electronics?

The inganda za semiconductor ihora ihura, nibisabwa Indwara ya Semiconductor bihinduka. Inzira zirimo icyifuzo cyo kwiyongera kurenza imyuka nkibimenyetso byubunini kuri chip igabanuka. Hariho kandi kwibanda cyane kugutezimbere bishya imyuka yihariye na imyuka n'ivanga hamwe numutungo woroshye kubuhanga buhanitse.

Kuramba nundi mushoferi wingenzi, hamwe no kwiyongera Icyatsi kibisi n'abandi bantu b'inshuti imyuka. Iterambere ryambere Gusesengura ikoranabuhanga ryo kumenya no murwego rwo hasi rwa umwanda bizaba ngombwa. Ahazaza ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki ni ihujwe ridasanzwe mu majyambere mubyakozwe no gukemura ibyo byingenzi imyuka.

ABAFATANYIJE N'INGENZI ZA SEMICOnductor

• Imyuka yihariye hamwe Ultra-Isuku ni ngombwa kuri Semiconductor na Electronics Inganda.
• Ndetse no murwego rwo hejuru umwanda Irashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ubuziranenge kandi bwizewe bwa Ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki.
• Azote na argon ni ngombwa kugirango ureme inert Atmospres, mugihe hydrogen ni ngombwa kugirango igabanuke na porogaramu itwara.
• Urutonde rwibindi imyuka yihariye ya elegitoroniki, nka Yamazaki na helium, ikoreshwa mubikorwa byihariye.
• Ingamba zingling zirahari kugirango zemeze isuku muri ibyo imyuka mu ruhererekane.
• Ahazaza inganda za elegitoroniki biterwa no gukomeza guhanga udushya muri gaze ya semiconductor ikoranabuhanga.

Kwizerwa Ibikoresho byo gukundwa cyane imyuka y'inganda, harimo azote, argon, na hydrogen, Twandikire muri gaze ya Huazhong. Urashobora kandi gushakisha amaturo yacu kuri Ubushyuhe buke bwa gaze silinderi n'urwego rwacu Gaze ya argon.