Kugwiza umusaruro wibyuma hamwe na High-Grade Liquid Argon Shielding
Mwisi irushanwa cyane kandi yibanda cyane kubintu bya metallurgie igezweho, gukoresha neza imikorere itabangamiye ubuziranenge bwibintu niyo ntego nyamukuru. Inganda zibyuma ninkingi yibikorwa remezo byisi, inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga, hamwe nubwubatsi bwindege. Mugihe icyifuzo cya ultra-isuku, imbaraga-nyinshi, hamwe n’ibyuma byabugenewe bikomeje kwiyongera, ababikora bahora bashakisha uburyo bugezweho bwo kunonosora ibikorwa byabo. Mubintu byingenzi byateye imbere mubikorwa byo gukora ibyuma bigezweho harimo gushyira mubikorwa ingamba za gaze ya inert. Ku isonga ryihindagurika ryikoranabuhanga ni ugukoresha urwego rwohejuru rwamazi argon, ikintu gikomeye cyahinduye gutunganya metallurgji.
Ubu buyobozi bwuzuye bwinjira mubikorwa byo guhindura amazi ya argon, gucukumbura imiterere yimiti, imikoreshereze yinganda, inyungu zubukungu, nuburyo ihuzwa ryayo rishyiraho ibipimo bishya mubutaka bwibyuma byisi.
Uruhare runini rwa gaz ya inert mugukora ibyuma bigezweho
Kugira ngo wumve ingaruka zikomeye za argon, umuntu agomba kubanza kumva ibibazo byibanze byo gukora ibyuma. Iyo ibyuma biri mumashanyarazi, mubisanzwe mubushyuhe burenga 1.500 ° C (2,732 ° F), burahinduka cyane. Guhura na gaze yo mu kirere - cyane cyane ogisijeni, azote, na hydrogène - bishobora gutera ingaruka mbi.
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Oxidation: Oxygene ikora cyane hamwe nicyuma gishongeshejwe hamwe nibintu byayo bivangavanze (nka chromium, manganese, na silikoni), bigatera ibyuma bidafite ibyuma na slag. Ibi ntibisesagura gusa amavuta yingirakamaro ahubwo binatera intege nke muburyo bwibicuruzwa byanyuma.
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Gukuramo Azote: Mugihe azote ifite akamaro mubyiciro bimwe byicyuma, kwinjiza azote idakenewe biganisha ku kwinjiza no gusaza mu byuma bishushanya.
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Amashanyarazi ya hydrogen: Ubushuhe bwo mu kirere burashobora kwinjiza hydrogene mu gushonga. Mugihe ibyuma bikomeye, gaze ya hydrogène igerageza gutoroka, igatera mikorosikopi y'imbere imbere, ubwoba, hamwe nikintu kizwi nka "hydrogen flaking."
Kurwanya ibyo bibazo bikomeye, metallurgiste bakoresha uburyo bwo gukingira inert. Mugihe izindi myuka nka azote cyangwa gaze ya argon rimwe na rimwe ikoreshwa, imiterere yihariye yumubiri na chimique ya argon ituma iba nyampinga utavuguruzwa kubisabwa murwego rwohejuru.
Kwibira Byimbitse: Ubukanishi bwa Liquid Argon Shielding
Argon (Ar) ni gaze nziza, bivuze ko iterwa na chimique rwose mubihe byose byinganda kandi bikabije. Ntabwo ikora hamwe nicyuma gishongeshejwe, icyapa, cyangwa ibintu byose bivangavanze, ndetse no mubushyuhe bwikirere buboneka mu itanura ryicyuma.
Iyo byatanzwe nka urwego rwohejuru rwamazi argon, ihumeka kandi ikinjizwa mubidukikije. Amazi ya argon ikora binyuze mu guhuza kwimuka, kurinda ikirere, no guhagarika umutima:
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Gusimburanya ikirere: Argon iremereye kuruta ikirere (hafi 38%). Iyo byinjijwe hejuru yumutwe cyangwa mugihe cyo gukomeza guterana, bikora igipangu cyinshi, kitagaragara hejuru yicyuma gishongeshejwe. Umwenda utwikiriye usunika umubiri wa ogisijeni, azote, hamwe n’ubushuhe bw’ibidukikije, bigatuma habaho ikirere cyiza cya inert.
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Ubushyuhe bwumuriro: Umwuka wa argon wamazi ukurura ubushyuhe, utanga ingaruka zo gukonjesha zaho mugihe bikenewe, ariko uruhare rwibanze rwubushyuhe nugukomeza imipaka ihamye, idakora neza hagati yicyuma gishongeshejwe nikirere cyumuvurungano cyuruganda rukora ibyuma.
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Gusukura no Gutesha agaciro: Kurenga hejuru yikingira, argon yinjizwa cyane mubwogero bwashongeshejwe. Mugihe ibibyimba bya argon bizamuka binyuze mubyuma byamazi, bikora nka "vacuum" ya gaze yashonze. Imbaraga zumuvuduko wigice zitegeka ko hydrogène na azote byashongeshejwe mubyuma bizakwirakwira mu bubiko bwa argon buzamuka kandi bigatwarwa hejuru.
Guhindura umusaruro wibyuma: Inyungu zo murwego rwohejuru rwamazi ya Argon
Ntabwo argon yose yaremewe kimwe. Muri metallurgie neza, ubuziranenge bwa gaze ikingira igena ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa byanyuma. Urwego rwohejuru rwamazi ya argon-Bisanzwe bisobanurwa ko bifite ubuziranenge bwa 99,999% cyangwa birenga - birimo zero zero za ogisijeni, ubushuhe, cyangwa hydrocarbone. Gukoresha gaze ya ultra-yera itanga inyungu nyinshi zihindura uruganda rukora ibyuma.
1. Kuzamura Metallurgiki Yera nisuku
Igikorwa cyibanze cya argon yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ni ukurinda gukora okiside na nitide. Mugutandukanya burundu gushonga kwanduye kwikirere, abakora ibyuma barashobora kugabanya cyane ingano yibintu bitarimo ubutare. Igisubizo ni "ibyuma bisukuye" - ibicuruzwa bifite imbere bidasanzwe imbere, imbaraga zidasanzwe, hamwe no kurwanya umunaniro mwinshi. Ibi ni ingenzi rwose ku nganda zifite kwihanganira zeru kunanirwa, nko gukora ibyogajuru byo mu kirere no kubaka imiyoboro.
2. Kugumana neza
Gukuramo ibintu nka chromium, titanium, na vanadium bihenze bidasanzwe. Mubidukikije bidafunze, ijanisha ryinshi ryibi bivangwa na okiside kandi bigatakara kumurongo. Kurinda Argon birinda iyi okiside, kwemeza ko amavuta ahenze yongewe kumashanyarazi aguma mubicuruzwa byanyuma. Ibi bituma habaho kugenzura neza ibya chimie hamwe nuburyo buteganijwe bwa mashini, bigabanya cyane igipimo cyubushyuhe budasanzwe.
3. Ubushuhe hamwe nubushakashatsi bwa Homogenisation
Iyo argon yatewe mumurongo unyuze mumashanyarazi yo hepfo cyangwa kumurongo wo hejuru, ibibyimba bizamuka bitera imbaraga zikomeye mubwogero bwashongeshejwe. Iyi convection ku gahato ni ngombwa kubwimpamvu ebyiri:
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Ubushyuhe bumwe: Ikuraho ibibanza bikonje hamwe na stratifike, byemeza ubushyuhe bumwe rwose murwego rwose mbere yo gutera.
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Kuvanga imiti: Ihita ivanga ibyongeweho byongewe mubushyuhe bwose, byemeza ko chimie yicyuma ihwanye kuva toni ya mbere yatanzwe kugeza iheruka.
Ibyingenzi Byakoreshejwe Mubyuma Byuma Amazi Argon
Ubwinshi bwa ibyuma bitanga ibyuma argon bivuze ko yinjijwe hafi ya buri cyiciro cya metallurgie ya kabiri na casting.
Argon Oxygene Decarburisation (AOD)
Inzira ya AOD nigipimo cyisi yose yo gukora ibyuma bitagira umwanda hamwe nicyuma cyihariye cyane. Muri ubu buryo, uruvange rwa ogisijeni na argon rujugunywa mu cyuma gishongeshejwe. Intego ni ugukuraho karubone (decarburisation) nta okiside ya chromium ifite agaciro.
Argon ifite uruhare runini rwa termodinamike hano. Mugukata ogisijeni hamwe na argon, umuvuduko wigice cya monoxyde de carbone mu bwogero uragabanuka. Ibi bihindura imiti iringaniye, ituma karubone ihindura cyane kuruta chromium mubushyuhe buke. Hatariho umubare munini wizewe, argon yera, umusaruro wibyuma bigezweho bidafite ingufu mubukungu.
Gutunganya itanura rya Ladle (Secondary Metallurgy)
Icyuma kimaze kuva mu itanura ryambere ryo gushonga (BOF cyangwa EAF), ryimurirwa kumurongo kugirango utegure neza. Hano, argon stirring ikoreshwa kwisi yose. Arubon ya argon ireremba microscopique yibice bya slag, itera desulfurizasi, kandi ikemeza ko gushonga ari kimwe mbere yuko yoherezwa kuri caster.
Kurinda Gukomeza Kurinda (Shrouding)
Igihe gikomeye cyane cyo kongera guhura na okiside kibaho mugihe cyo guterana, cyane cyane mugihe icyuma gishongeshejwe kiva mumurongo kijya muri tundish, no kuva muri tundish kijya mubibumbano. Niba ihuye numwuka hano, imirimo yose yambere yo gutunganya irakuweho.
Urusyo rukoresha sisitemu igoye ya argon. Liquid argon ihumeka kugirango yuzuze imiyoboro itavunika (igitambaro) hamwe na tundish. Ikirere cya argon kidashobora kwangirika cyemeza ko ibyuma bikomera hamwe nubuziranenge nyabwo byari bifite murwego rwo gutunganya, hafi ya byose bikuraho ubusembwa bwubuso hamwe nibisumizi byimbere mumatike cyangwa ibisate.
Kunoza imikorere nigiciro murusyo
Mugihe gushyira mubikorwa sisitemu yo murwego rwohejuru bisaba ishoramari ryambere, ROI yo gukoresha argon yo murwego rwohejuru ntawahakana kubakora ibyuma bigezweho. Imikorere irenze urugero mubice byinshi:
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Kugabanya Ibipimo Byakuweho: Mugukuraho ibishizwemo, porosity, hamwe na chimie idasanzwe, ingano yicyuma yamanuwe cyangwa ikuweho iragabanuka cyane. Umusaruro wambere-wambere umusaruro ugira ingaruka kumurongo wo hasi.
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Ibihe byo gutunganya byihuse: Vigorous argon stirring yihutisha reaction yimiti (nka desulfurizasiya) hamwe nubushyuhe bwa homogenisation, bigabanya igihe cya "tap-to-tap" kandi bigatuma urusyo rutanga ubushyuhe bwinshi kumunsi.
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Kwagura Ubuzima Bwagutse: Argon bubbling ifasha mukurinda ubushyuhe bwaho hamwe nigitero cyimiti ikabije kumurongo wangiritse wamashyiga hamwe nitanura, kugabanya igihe cyo kubungabunga no kugura ibikoresho.
Gushakisha Umufatanyabikorwa Ukeneye Gazi yawe
Imikorere yo gukingira metallurgjique iterwa rwose nubwizerwe, ubuziranenge, hamwe nuruhererekane rwogutanga ibicuruzwa bitanga inganda. Kubikorwa bikomeye nko guhora baterana hamwe na AOD, guhagarika itangwa rya argon cyangwa kugabanuka kwubuziranenge bwa gaze bishobora kuvamo igihombo cyibicuruzwa hamwe nigihe cyo gusya.
Nibyingenzi gufatanya nuwabitanze kabuhariwe, byemejwe wunvise ibyifuzo byihariye bya metallurgie iremereye. Kubikoresho bishaka kuzamura ubushobozi bwabo bwo gukora, kubona isoko yizewe ya urwego rwohejuru rwamazi argon ni intambwe yambere iganisha kubikorwa byiza. Abatanga nka gazi ya Huazhong batanga ibikorwa remezo, ubuziranenge buhanitse cyane, hamwe nubuhanga bwa tekiniki busabwa kugirango bunganire umusaruro wibyuma bikomeza, byinshi, bituma uruganda rwawe rukora neza 24/7.
Umwanzuro
Ubwihindurize bwo gukora ibyuma nugukurikirana bidasubirwaho gutungana, kandi amazi ya argon ni ingabo itagaragara ituma ubu butungane bushoboka. Kuva korohereza chimie igoye yicyuma kitagira umwanda mubwato bwa AOD kugeza kurinda isuka yanyuma muri caster ikomeza, ibyuma bitanga ibyuma argon ni ngombwa. Mugushora imari urwego rwohejuru rwamazi argon, abayikora ntabwo bagura gusa ibyo kurya; bashora imari mubunyangamugayo, ubuziranenge bwibyuma, nubukungu bwigihe kirekire. Mugihe isi ikeneye ibyuma bisumba ibindi bikomeje kwiyongera, insyo ziga siyanse yo gukingira argon nizo zizayobora inganda mugihe kizaza.
Ibibazo
Ikibazo1: Kuki argon yamazi ikundwa na azote kugirango ikingire umusaruro wibyuma byiza?
Nubwo azote ihendutse kandi ishobora kwimura ogisijeni, ntabwo iba inert rwose. Ku bushyuhe bukabije bw'ibyuma bishongeshejwe, azote irashobora kwinjizwa mu bwogero bw'icyuma. Uku kwinjiza azote gutera intanga, kugabanya guhindagurika no gukomera kwicyuma. Argon, kuba gaze nziza, ni 100% ya chimique inert kandi ntizigera ikora cyangwa ngo ishonge mubyuma, bityo bikaba itegeko kubintu byujuje ubuziranenge, bishushanya cyane, hamwe nibyuma bidasanzwe.
Q2: Nigute muburyo bwiza bwo murwego rwohejuru rwamazi ya argon itezimbere ubwiza bwibyuma bidafite ingese mugihe cya AOD?
Mubikorwa bya Argon Oxygen Decarburisation (AOD) yo gukora ibyuma bitagira umwanda, intego ni ugukuraho karubone udatakaje chromium ihenze kuri okiside. Mugutera inshinge za ogisijeni na argon yo murwego rwohejuru, argon igabanya umuvuduko wigice cya monoxyde de carbone. Ihindagurika rya termodinamike ituma ogisijeni yibasira cyane kandi igatwika karubone mugihe usize chromium yagaciro mumutekano ushongeshejwe, bigatuma ibyuma bitagira umwanda bigumana ibintu byinshi birwanya ruswa.
Q3: Ni ibihe bintu by'ibanze bisabwa mu kubika no gutunganya ibyuma bitanga amazi ya argon?
Kubera ko amazi ya argon ari cryogenic (abitswe hafi -186 ° C cyangwa -302 ° F), bisaba ibigega byabitswe byabitswe na vacuum byabitswe (dewars cyangwa ibigega bito bito). Ikigo kigomba kuba gifite kalibatori ikwiye kugirango ihindure amazi muri gaze yumuvuduko mwinshi mbere yuko yinjira mumashanyarazi. Byongeye kandi, kubera ko argon ari asphyxiant yimura ogisijeni, guhumeka neza hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura umwuka wa ogisijeni nibisabwa byumutekano byateganijwe ahantu hose hafunzwe aho argon ibikwa cyangwa ikoreshwa cyane.
