Mu ruhererekane rw'ibiryo ku isi, buri saha ibara. Kubayobozi bakora ubucuruzi nkawe, Mark, itandukaniro riri hagati yinyungu nigihombo akenshi kiza kuri gushya y'ibicuruzwa byawe. Umwanzi ukomeye? Kungirika. Ni intambara ihoraho yo kurwanya igihe, mikorobe, no kubora bisanzwe. Nkuko nyiri uruganda rwa gaze yinganda mubushinwa, nitwa Allen, kandi nabonye ubwanjye uburyo siyanse ishobora gutsinda iyi ntambara. Intwaro y'ibanga ni ikoranabuhanga ryahamagaye ikibuga cyahinduwe, cyangwa ikarita. Nuburyo bukomeye bwa Kubungabunga ibiryo ibyo bikoresha imyuka yoroshye, karemano kugirango uheshe kwagura neza Ubuzima Bwiza ya Ibicuruzwa.

Iyi ngingo nubuyobozi bwawe bwo kumva ikarita. Ntabwo ari abahanga gusa cyangwa injeniyeri zo gupakira. Ni kuba nyiri ubucuruzi bukomeye bakeneye kumenya uko ubu buhanga bukora, kuki ari umutekano, nuburyo ishobora guhindura umurongo wawe wo hasi. Tuzasesengura uburyo guhindura umwuka a Ibicuruzwa yuzuyemo irashobora kubikomeza gushya, umutekano, no kujuririrwa iminsi cyangwa ibyumweru birebire, kugabanya imyanda no gufungura amasoko mashya. Reka twinjire muri siyanse yo gushya.

Niki mubyukuri cyahinduwe ikirere cyapakiwe (Ikarita)?

Muri rusange, gupakira ikirere ni igitekerezo cyoroshye ariko cyiza. Harimo guhindura ikirere imbere muri paki kurinda ibiryo imbere. Umwuka duhumeka ni hafi 78% azote, 21% ogisijeni, hamwe nizindi myuka. Mugihe ari ngombwa kuri twe, iki gihimbano kirimo nicyo cyibanze cyibiryo kwangirika. Ogisijeni, kurugero, guhagarika imikurire ya aerobic mikorobe (Nka bagiteri na mold) nibyo okiside, niyo mpamvu pome yaka ihinduka umukara.

Gupakira ikirere Ikoranabuhanga rikora mugusimbuza umwuka mubiryo bigenzurwa neza imvange ya gaze. Iki kirere gishya cyateguwe byumwihariko kuri Ibicuruzwa gupakira. Intego ni ugudindiza gusaza kandi kungirika inzira, kubungabunga ubuziranenge bwibiryo no kwagura ibyayo Ubuzima Bwiza. Ni uburyo bwa Kugenzurwa Ububiko, ariko kuri micro-urwego kuri buri paki.

Ibi ntabwo ari ukukongera imiti cyangwa kubungabunga. Imyuka ikoreshwa nimwe zabonetse mubisanzwe mukirere: azote, dioxyde de carbone, na ogisijeni. Amarozi ari mu kuvanga. Muguhindura Urwego rwa Oxygen Kandi kwibanda ku zindi myuka, abashinzwe ibiryo barashobora kurema ibidukikije byiza kugirango ibiryo biryoha kandi bisa bishya. Nubumenyi nyabwo bwahinduye Uwiteka inganda, emera Ibicuruzwa Guma shyashya mu ruganda kugera kumeza ya buri wese.

Nigute ikoranabuhanga ryikoranabuhanga ririnda ibiryo ku mujinya?

Inzira Gupakira ikirere cyo gupakiraS Ibiryo ni intera ishimishije yibinyabuzima na chimie. Buri gaze Muri kuvanga bifite akazi runaka gukora. Intego yibanze ni ukurwanya imiyoboro ibiri nyamukuru ya kungirika: imikurire ya mikorobe hamwe ningaruka zangiza za okiside.

Dioxyde de Carbone (Co₂) ni superhero mugihe cyo guhagarika mikorobe. Ifite ingaruka za bagiteri kandi zidasobanutse, bivuze ko ishobora Kubuza gukura ya bagiteri nyinshi za aerobic na molds. Iyo Co₂ yashonje ibinure n'ibinure, igabanya ph, igabanya ibidukikije aho imikorobe yangiza mikorobe irwanira kubaho. Ibi ni ngombwa kuri ibiryo byangirika nka inyama na foromaje.

Ku rundi ruhande, ogisijeni, ni inkota y'amaharakubiri. Kuraho ni urufunguzo rwo guhagarara okiside no gukura kwa bagiteri za aerobic. Ariko, kubicuruzwa bimwe, amafaranga make ni ingirakamaro. Kuri shyashya inyama, ikirere cya ogisifuriya-ogisifu (hafi 60-80%) gifasha kugumana ibara ritukura abaguzi hamwe gushya. Kuri umusaruro mushya, urwego ruto rwa ogisijeni rurakenewe kugirango ibicuruzwa "bahumeka" cyangwa kwisubizwa, kubuza fermentation idashaka. Urufunguzo rugenzura Ibigize gaze neza. Hanyuma, azote Ibikorwa byuzuye. Imura ogisijeni kugirango irinde okiside Kandi, kubera ko itabyifatamo ibiryo, itanga umusego, kubuza paki gusenyuka no kurinda ibintu byoroshye nkibikoresho cyangwa amakera meza.

Ni izihe nyungu zingenzi zo gupakira ikirere cyahinduwe?

Ku bucuruzi ubwo ari bwo bwose, gufata ikoranabuhanga rishya bigomba kuza bifite inyungu zifatika. The Koresha ikirere cyahinduwe itanga inyungu ikomeye ku ishoramari mu gukemura ibibazo bikomeye muri inganda.

Dore inyungu z'ibanze:

• Ubuzima bwongereye Ubuzima: Izi ninyungu zikomeye. Mugutinda kubora, ikarita irashobora gukuba kabiri cyangwa inshuro eshatu Ubuzima Bwiza bwibiryo. Ibi bituma iminyururu mirerure, igabanya ibikenewe kugirango bisubiremo kenshi, kandi biha abaguzi igihe kinini kugirango bakoreshe ibicuruzwa murugo.
• Kugabanya imyanda y'ibiryo: Hamwe na Ubuzima Burebure, ibiryo bike bijugunywe kure kurwego rwo kugurisha no mumiryango. Ibi ntabwo ari ikiguzi kinini gusa kizigama gusa ahubwo kinafite intambwe ikomeye igana byinshi ibiryo birambye sisitemu. Ku isi hose, Imyanda y'ibiryo ni ikibazo kinini, kandi ikarita nigikoresho gifatika cyo kurwana.
• Kuzamura ibicuruzwa byiza nubushya: Ikarita ifasha kubunga uburyohe, imiterere, ibara, hamwe nimirire y'ibiryo. Ibicuruzwa reba kandi biryoha neza igihe kirekire, bigira ingaruka kuburyo bwo kunyurwa nabaguzi no kuba indahemuka. The gupakira kugabanya Ibimenyetso bigaragara byo gusaza.
• Kurandura ubukorikori: Mubihe byinshi, ikarita irashobora kugabanya cyangwa gukuraho icyifuzo cyo kubungabunga imiti. Ubu bujurire kubaguzi bakura kugirango "ibirango bisukuye" nibikoresho bisanzwe. The gaze Ibikorwa nkibisanzwe kubungabunga.
• Kunozwa: Ukoresheje gaze nka azote Gusenya ibicuruzwa bikabuza guhonyorwa mugihe cyo gutwara. Ibi bireba ibiryo byapakiwe ageze ku gisimba gisa neza.

Niyihe myuka ikoreshwa mu ikarita kandi kuki? Kureba gaze.

Imyitwarire yikarita iri muguhitamo uburenganzira gaze cyangwa imvange ya gaze kuri buri kintu cyihariye Ibicuruzwa. Imyuka itatu nyamukuru-azote, dioxyde de carbone, na ogisijeni-ihujwe mubipimo bitandukanye kugirango ukore intego Ikirere. Nkumutanga, nabonye uburyo bwo kuvanga ubu buryo bukwiye ni kubakiriya banjye.

Azote (n₂): Nibisanzwe bikoreshwa cyane gaze ku ikarita. Gaze ya azote ni gaze ya inert, bivuze ko itabyitwaramo nibindi bintu. Akazi k'ingenzi ni:

1. Kwimura ogisijeni: Mugusunika umwuka, azote igabanya ibikubiyemo bya ogisijeni, gahoro gahoro okiside no gukura kwa mikorobe ya Aerobic.
2. Gukora nk'uyuzuzanya: Irinda gusenyuka, cyane cyane nyuma yubunini bigabanuka mugihe cya vacuum. Irinda ibicuruzwa byoroshye nka chip yibirayi, ibicuruzwa biteye amakara, na tolata nshya.

Dioxyde de carbone (co₂): Ibi nibikorwa cyane kandi byingenzi gaze Kubuza kungirira. Imikorere yacyo yibanze nuguhagarika imikurire ya bagiteri na mold. Nibyiza no mubintu bike (hafi 20%), ariko kubicuruzwa nka foromaje cyangwa ibintu by'imigati, kwibanda kurashobora kugera kuri 100%. Urwego rwo hejuru rwa co₂, igihe kirekire Ubuzima bwibintu byangirika.

Ogisijeni (O₂): Mugihe akenshi bigaragara nkumwanzi wa gushya, ogisijeni igira uruhare runini muburyo bwihariye Gupakira:

1. Ku nyama zitukura: Urwego rwo hejuru rwa ogisijeni rwitwara na myoglobine muri inyama gukora oxymyoglobin, ifite ibara ritukura, rishimishije. Bitabaye ibyo, inyama Byareba umutuku-umutuku, abaguzi barashobora kwanga.
2. Imbuto n'imboga: Imbuto n'imboga nibicuruzwa bizima bikomeje kubahiriza nyuma yo gusarurwa. Urwego rwo hasi cyane rwa ogisijeni rurakenewe kugirango kubuza guhumeka kwa Anaerobic, bishobora kuganisha ku rukundo hamwe na oders.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo gukoresha ikarita mu kubungabunga ibiryo?

Ikoranabuhanga ni bitandukanye bidasanzwe kandi ikoreshwa hakurya ya Ibicuruzwa byangirika. Ufite hafi rwose ibicuruzwa biyikoresha nta nubwo babimenye. Umwihariko Ibigize gaze imbere paki ihuza ibikenewe bya Ibicuruzwa bitandukanye.

Bimwe muri rusange Gusaba ikarita Shyiramo:

• Inyama n'inkoko nshya: Iyi ni imwe mu masoko nini yikarita. Kumutuku inyama, kuvanga hejuru-ogisijeni (urugero, 70% o₂, 30% co₂) ikoreshwa mu kubungabunga ibara ritukura no kubuza iterambere rya bacteri. Kuri inkoko, co₂ na azote Kuvanga ikoreshwa, nkuko kubungabunga ibara ntirimpungenge.
• Amafi n'ibiryo byo mu nyanja: Ibicuruzwa birakabije kwangirika. Usanzwe kuvanga co₂, azote, kandi rimwe na rimwe urwego rwo hasi rwa O₂ rukoreshwa mugudindiza mikorobili kungirika na okiside.
• Ibicuruzwa by'amata: Kuri foromaje ikomeye, urwego rwo hejuru rwa dioxyde de carbone Irinde gukura kwa Mold. Kuri foromaje yoroshye na yogurt, kuvanga co₂ na azote ni rusange.
• Ibicuruzwa bya Bakery: Ibintu nkumugati, udutsima, hamwe nu mbuto byoroshye birashobora kuvabumba. Umuyaga mwinshi wagura neza Ubuzima Bwiza Hatabayeho gukenera imiti.
• Imbuto n'imboga nshya: Ubu ni agace gakomeye kazwi nka Equilibrium yahinduwe ikirere cyapakiwe (EMAP). The firime yo gupakira byateguwe kugirango birure gato, bituma umusaruro woherejwe kugirango ukore umwuka mwiza imbere muri paki. Intego ni uguhuza Igipimo cyo guhumeka cyigicuruzwa gishya hamwe na Igipimo cyo kwanduza gaze ya firime.

Nigute ikarita yo gukorerwa? Gushakisha gaze.

Gushyira mu bikorwa ikarita ni umuvuduko mwinshi, inzira yakozwe na polisi. Kubikorwa bishinzwe gutanga amasoko nka Mark, gusobanukirwabyingenzi byibi Igikorwa cyo gupakira ifasha mugushima akamaro k'uko kwizerwa gaze gutanga. Uburyo busanzwe bwitwa gaze.

Inzira isanzwe ikurikira izi ntambwe:

1. Gushyira: The Ibicuruzwa bishyirwa mu mufuka wacyo cyangwa umufuka, bikozwe muburyo bwihariye Ibikoresho byo gupakira.
2. Gukuraho ikirere: Ipaki noneho ishyirwa mucyumba. Ikirere gikururwa muri paki, kurema icyuho. Iyi ntambwe ikuraho hafi ya byose byumwimerere.
3. Gazi irazunguruka: Ako kanya nyuma yuko icyuho cyakozwe, gakondo-cyakozwe imvange ya gaze ni "guhumeka" muri paki, gusimbuza rwose umwuka. Ibi bibaho mugice cyamasegonda.
4. Ikidodo: Mbere ya gaze Irashobora guhunga, umurongo uhamye ukanda hejuru yimpande za paki, zitera kashe nziza, hemetike.

Ibikorwa byose byikora kandi byinjijwe muri kijyambere umusaruro w'ibiribwa imirongo. Urufunguzo rwo gutsinda ni uguhuza. The Ubushakashatsi bwa gaze igomba kuba intungane muri buri paki imwe kugirango umenye imyenda Ubuzima bwiza n'ubuzima. Iyi niyo mpamvu ubuziranenge no kwizerwa kwa ikarita ya gaze gutanga ni ngombwa rwose. Ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose cyangwa ikibazo cyiza kirashobora kuzana umurongo wa miliyoni nyinshi z'amadolari ku gihagararo.

Kuki ibikoresho byo gupakira ari ngombwa ku ikarita?

Ikirere cyakozwe neza imbere yikarita cyaba ntacyo cyaba gimaze nta kintu cyiza. The Ibikoresho byo gupakira-Guhana ibyapa bya pulasitike cyangwa bikina umwanya wingenzi nka gaze ubwayo. Bakora nka bariyeri yo guhitamo cyane, kugumana uburinzi ikirere imbere n'umwuka wangiza hanze.

Guhitamo Ubwoko bwo gupakira biterwa rwose kuri Ibicuruzwa. Kubicuruzwa nka foromaje cyangwa bitetse inyama, ukeneye film yo hejuru hafi idashoboka rwose kuri gaze. Ibi bifunga ikirere cyahinduwe kandi gikomeza ogisijeni hanze kuri byose Ubuzima Bwiza y'ibicuruzwa. Izi firime zikunze kugaragara, hamwe nibikoresho nka wohh (Ethyle vinyl inzoga) cyangwa inyubako zikora nkinzitizi nyamukuru.

Kuri Imbuto n'imboga, ibisabwa biratandukanye. Nkuko byavuzwe, ibyo bicuruzwa bigomba kusubizwa. Kubwibyo, Uwiteka firime yo gupakira Byakoreshejwe byateguwe hamwe nibiranga bisanzwe. Bafite azwi Igipimo cyo kwanduza gaze ibyo bituma ogisijeni ntoya yinjira kandi ikarenga dioxyde de carbone guhunga. Ibi bitera umwuka ushyira mu gaciro, uhamye utinda kandi wangirika udahumeka ibicuruzwa. Siyanse yo guhuza firime kubipimo byibiryo ni igice cyingenzi cyo gutsinda gupakira kushya kubyara.

Yahinduwe ikirere gipakira umutekano kubaguzi?

Iki nikibazo gikomeye, kandi igisubizo ni yego. Gupakira ikirere ni umwe mu bafite umutekano Ikoranabuhanga ryo gupakira ibiryo Uburyo burahari. Iki cyizere kiva mubintu bimwe byoroshye: imyuka yakoresheje irasanzwe kandi ni ibice byingenzi byumwuka duhumeka buri munsi.

Nta miti yo mu mahanga cyangwa inyongeramubano zirimo. Inzira ihindura gusa Ikigereranyo ya azote, dioxyde de carbone, na ogisijeni zikikije ibiryo. Inzego zigenga nka FDA muri Amerika na Efsa mu Burayi zasuzumwe neza kandi zemewe ikarita y'inzarugero Ibicuruzwa. Batekereza ko gaze ikoreshwa mu cyiciro cyibiribwa bifite umutekano umutekano rwose kugirango ukoreshe.

Mubyukuri, ikarita ikunze gutera imbere umutekano w'ibiribwa. Mu kubuza imikurire ya bagiteri, kandi iradindiza imikurire ya patogenic nyinshi (indwara zitera). Birumvikana ko ikarita ntabwo asimburwa no gutunganya ibiryo bikwiye no gukonjesha. Ni a Kubungabunga ibiryo no kubika Igikoresho gifasha kubungabunga umutekano nubwiza bwibicuruzwa iyo bibitswe neza. Abaguzi barashobora kwizera ko Ibishya ni inzira nziza kandi nziza yo kwemeza ibiryo bishya.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo gupakira udushya ku makarita?

Ikarita ni tekinoroji ikuze, ariko gupakira udushya Kuzenguruka bisaba guhora bigenda. Ahazaza Gupakira ibiryo Yibanze ku gukora amapaki meza, gukora neza, no kuramba. Ikarita niyo shingiro ryibintu byinshi bishimishije.

Kimwe mu turere twizera ni Gupakira Ikiruhuko cyahinduwe. Ibi bigenda intambwe irenze gushiraho ikirere mugihe cyo gupakira. Ikora Gupakira birimo gushiramo ibikoresho muri firime cyangwa kongeramo amakarito mato ashobora gucunga neza ikirere imbere paki mugihe. Ingero zirimo:

• Umucuruzi wa Oxyjen: Ibi bikurura ogisijeni isigaye muri paki cyangwa icyaricyo cyose gishobora kumeneka mugihe, gutanga uburinzi ntarengwa okiside.
• Abashinyaguzi bothyyne: Imbuto nshya itanga Ethylene gaze Nkuko byegereye. Izi shimukira ikuraho Ethylene, gahoro gahoro gahoro inzira yegera ibicuruzwa nka Batoki na Avoka.
• Abagenzuzi b'ubushuhe: Ibi birashobora gukurura ubuhehere burenze kugirango ibicuruzwa bikomeze cyangwa birekure ubushuhe kugirango babuze abandi gutuma.

Undi murima ushimishije ni Gupakira ubwenge. Ibi bikubiyemo kongeramo sensor cyangwa ibipimo kuri gupakira ibicuruzwa ibyo birashobora gutanga amakuru nyayo yerekeye gushya ya Ibicuruzwa. Kurugero, ikirango kihindura ibara gishobora kubyitwaramo imbere ya dioxyde de carbone cyangwa izindi myuka zakozwe mugihe kungirika, gutanga ibisobanuro neza kandi byukuri byerekana niba ibiryo bikiri byiza kurya, kwizerwa cyane kuruta "byiza".

Nigute ushobora guhitamo gaze yukuri uzamure igisubizo cyawe cyo gupakira?

Kuri nyirubwite nka Mark, akusanya ibikoresho kwisi yose, guhitamo utanga isoko nicyemezo gikomeye. Iyo bigeze ku myuga ku ikarita, iki cyemezo kigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ibicuruzwa, imikorere yimikorere, ndetse no izina ryakira. Ibyawe gaze Utanga isoko ntabwo ari umucuruzi gusa; Ni umufatanyabikorwa mu ntsinzi yawe. Aha niho uburambe bwanjye mu ruganda rwanjye buba ngombwa.

Ubuziranenge n'ubusumbane: Ibi ntabwo biganirwaho. Nkuko twabiganiriyeho, the Ibigize gaze igomba kuba irasobanutse. Umwanda uwo ariwo wose muri gaze Irashobora kugira ingaruka kuryoherwa, umutekano, na Ubuzima Bwiza. Ukeneye utanga isoko ushobora gutanga imyuka yemewe, yibiribwa buri gihe. Utanga isoko yaciwe inguni cyangwa, ikirushijeho, akora icyemezo cyemewe - ububabare nyabwo nzi ko uhuye nubucuruzi bwawe bwose mukaga.

Kwizerwa n'ubushobozi: Uruganda rwibiryo bigezweho rushobora gukoresha ubwinshi bwa gaze. Gutinda kohereza birashobora guhagarika umurongo wakazi, gutwara ibihumbi byamadorari kumasaha. Ukeneye utanga isoko hamwe numunyururu mwinshi nubushobozi bukomeye. Ikigo cyanjye, kurugero, rukora imirongo 7 yumusaruro kugirango tumenye ko dushobora guhura nibibazo bisaba kandi tugatanga ibikoresho bidafite ibikoresho byibicuruzwa byibiribwa nkibiciro Dioxyde de carbone n'ubusumbane Azote.

Ubuhanga n'inkunga: Abatanga isoko beza basobanukirwa ubucuruzi bwawe. Ntibagurisha gusa silinderi ya gaze; bumva gusaba. Umufatanyabikorwa wubumenyi arashobora gutanga inama kuri keza imvange ya gaze Kuri Gishya Ibicuruzwa, fasha gukemura ibibazo byawe Sisitemu yo gupakira, kandi ukomeze umenyeshe ibijyanye n'imigendekere mishya muri Ikoranabuhanga. Uru rwego rwubufatanye ruhindura ibikorwa byoroshye muburyo bwo guhatanira. Nkumuntu utanga Gaze yo hejuru cyane, twishimira kuba umufatanyabikorwa wimpuguke kubakiriya bacu.

ABAFATANYIJE

• Ikarita ni iki: Gupakira ikirere cyahinduwe ni tekinoroji yagaragaye isimburwa umwuka mubiryo hamwe na progaramu yihariye gaze imvange yo kwagura Ubuzima Bwiza no kubungabunga ubuziranenge.
• Uburyo ikora: Ikoresha ihuriro rya Azote (Kuzuza), Dioxyde de carbone (antimichatial), na rimwe na rimwe ogisijeni (kumabara / guhumeka) kugirango utinde kungirika Kuva muri mikorobe kandi okiside.
• Inyungu zikomeye: Ikarita iganisha kuri a Ubuzima Burebure, kugabanya cyane Imyanda y'ibiryo, biteza imbere ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa na gushya, kandi irashobora gukuraho gukenera imiti.
• Umutekano wizewe: Imyuka ikoreshwa nibigize umwuka duhumeka kandi bigengwa cyane, bigatuma ikarita nuburyo bwiza cyane bwa Kubungabunga ibiryo.
• Ni sisitemu: Intsinzi yikarita iterwa nibintu bitatu ikorera hamwe: uburenganzira Ibicuruzwa, nibyo imvange ya gaze, kandi bikwiye Ibikoresho byo gupakira hamwe na bariyeri yihariye.
• Utanga isoko yawe: Guhitamo kwizerwa, ubuziranenge-ubuziranenge gaze Utanga isoko ni ngombwa. Ubuhanga bwabo, ubushobozi bwabo, no kwiyemeza kweza bwera bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ibicuruzwa byawe byanyuma no gukora neza.