Gutontoma bya roketi binyura mu kirere, ubunebwe bucece bucece bwa satelite muri orbit, ibisobanuro by'indege igezweho - ibi bitangaza bya inganda za Aerospace Fata ibitekerezo byacu. Ariko inyuma yibi bintu bidasanzwe bibeshya isi yibikoresho bitagaragara, byingenzi. Imyuga yinganda ni abafatanyabikorwa bicecekeye muriki gikorwa gikomeye, rukomeye kuva mubwitange bwa mbere kubintu byanyuma bisunika umwanya. Iyi ngingo irabasiye insinga kugirango ihishure uburyo gaze yinganda Umurenge ntabwo ari ugutanga gusa ahubwo nkinkingi yibanze ko Shyigikira inganda zo mu kirere na Inganda ya Aerospace. Ku bayobozi bashinzwe amasoko nka Mariko, gusobanukirwaga iyi mibanire ikomeye ni urufunguzo rwo gutanga ingamba, gufata ibyemezo bitwara ubuziranenge bituma umutekano no gutsinda.

Tuzasesengura imyuka yihariye yakoreshejwe, gusaba bitandukanye muri ibihimbano na gusuka, hamwe n'akamaro gakomeye k'ubuziranenge no kwizerwa. Nka nyiri uruganda ufite imirongo irindwi yumusaruro yeguriwe iyi myuga, njye, Allen, wabonye ubwanjye uburyo uburenganzira ibisubizo bya gaze irashobora gukora cyangwa kuvunika umushinga. Ubu ni ubuyobozi bwawe bwo kuyobora imyuka ihungabanye muburyo bumwe mu buryo busaba abantu benshi.

Ni uruhe ruhare rw'ibanze rwa gaze inganda mu nganda yo gukora aerospace?

Iyo utekereje kubaka indege cyangwa roketi, birashoboka ko ushushanya icyuma, ibinyamakuru, hamwe nibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Ariko ni iki kifata byose hamwe? Niki gikora ibikoresho bikomeye kugirango uhangane n'imbaraga zikabije? Igisubizo, mubihe byinshi, ni gaze yinganda. Izi myuka zirimo muri buri cyiciro cya Gukora no guhimba. Kuva gukata no gusudira bigize gukora ikirere kiri gukingira kuvura ubushyuhe, Imyuka yinganda ifite uruhare runini. Ubwiza bwa Aerospace Igicuruzwa cyanyuma gihujwe nubususu bwera no gushyira mubikorwa imyuka ikoreshwa mugihe cyo kurema.

Reba igikorwa cyibanze cyo guhurira ibice bibiri byicyuma. Muri inganda za Aerospace, iki ntabwo ari umurimo woroshye. The weld igomba kuba intungane nziza, ibice, cyangwa intege nke zishobora gutera kunanirwa ibiza kuri metero 30.000 cyangwa muri vacuum y'umwanya. Aha niho imyuka yinjira. Barema ibidukikije byiza kuri Igikorwa, kureba niba imiburanda ifitanye n'imbaraga nyinshi n'ubunyangamugayo. Bitekerezeho nk'ibiti bigenzurwa byo gutungana, bikingira inzira nziza mu kirere kitateganijwe hanze. Uru ni urugero rumwe gusa, ariko rugaragaza ihame ryingenzi: Imyuka yinganda ntabwo ikoresha gusa; ni ibintu binini mu kugera kumikorere isabwa n'umutekano ya Ibigize Aerospace.

Kubashinzwe amasoko, ibi bivuze kureba ibirenze igiciro kuri silinderi. Ugomba kumva ibintu byihariye bya gaze kuri bitandukanye Inganda. Utanga isoko akeneye gukora ibirenze gutanga ibicuruzwa gusa; Bagomba gutanga urunigi ruhamye, rufite isuku rufite isuku kugirango ubashe kwizera. The inganda zifata, cyane cyane muri aerospace, ikora kubwuburinganire. Gutandukana kwose muri gaze ubuziranenge burashobora kunanirwa binyuze kumurongo, bigatera gutinda bihenze kandi, byingenzi, kumvikana.

Nigute imyuka nka argon na helium batunganya inzira yo guhimba?

The ibihimbano ya Indege n'ubwoya Harimo gukorana na alloys yateye imbere nka titanium, aluminium, hamwe nicyuma kinini. Ibi bikoresho byatoranijwe kubwimbaraga-kugeza kurwego rwimbaraga, ariko ntibwumva bidasanzwe mugihe cyo gukora. Iyo ashyushye gusudira no gukata, barashobora kubyitwaramo na ogisijeni na azote mu kirere, biganisha kuri okiside na Nitridid. Ibi bitera inkubi y'umuyaga, intege nke mubice byanyuma. Aha niho imyuka ya inert, byumwihariko argon na helium, guhinduka.

Imyuka nka argon na helium bakoreshwa mugukora ikirere kiganje kizengurutse asukuye. Kuberako bafite inert, ntibabyitwaramo ibyuma byashonze. Iyi ngabo yimura imyuka ikora mukirere kandi ikaremerera kwera, gukomera, kandi isukuye weld. Argon ni akazi hano. Ni denser kuruta umwuka, gutanga ubwishingizi buhebuje hamwe na arc ihamye mugutanga isuku. Kubikoresho byabyibushye cyangwa ibyuma bikora ubushyuhe vuba, helium cyangwa an argon-helium imvange akenshi ikundwa. HELIM itanga arc ishyushye, yemerera kwinjira byimbitse hamwe numuvuduko wihuse. Nakoranye nabakiriya benshi bahinduye umwihariko gaze ndende ya argon kandi yabonye kugabanuka gupimwa muburyo buhebuje.

Guhitamo hagati argon, helium, cyangwa kuvanga ntabwo aribyo ku buryo budasanzwe. Biterwa nibintu byinshi:

• Ubwoko bwibintu: Aluminium n'umuringa bungukirwa n'ubushyuhe bwa helium.
• Ubunini bwibintu: Ibice byijimye bisaba kwinjira byimbitse herium itanga.
• Umwanya wo gusudira: Ubucucike bwa ARGON butuma ari byiza gusuhuza kandi bitambitse.
• Igiciro: Helium birahagije kuruta argon, bityo birakoreshwa mugihe ibintu byihariye bikenewe rwose.

Iyi tekiniki ya tekiniki niyo mpamvu umubano ukomeye na gaze yawe utanga isoko ni ngombwa. Ibikorwa byiza bikora nkumufatanyabikorwa, kugufasha guhitamo uburenganzira ibisubizo bya gaze Guhitamo ibyawe Gukora no guhimba inzira kubintu byombi bifite ubuziranenge no gukora neza.

Urashobora gusudira mu kirere? Uruhare rukomeye rwa imyuka ya inert.

Iki kibazo cyumvikana nkigihimbano cya siyanse, ariko ni ikibazo gikomeye cyo kubaka no kubungabunga imiterere nka sitasiyo mpuzamahanga (iss) nibihe bizaza kukwezi cyangwa mars. Mugihe ibyinshi mu iteraniro bikorwa kwisi, gukenera gusana umwanya no kubaka birakura. Ikibazo cyambere? The vacuum y'umwanya. Mugihe icyuho bivuze ko nta ogisijeni iri kwanduza a weld, irerekana ibibazo byayo, nko kwimuka, aho imyuka ikandagira mu ibyuma irekuwe, itera umurunga, udakomeye.

Hano, amahame ya gaz ya inert yize kwisi arahuzwa Ibikorwa bya Aerospace. Ibikoresho bidasanzwe byo gusudira byagenewe umwanya birashobora kurekura igicu gito, kigenzurwa cya an gaze ya inert nka argon mu buryo butaziguye. Ibi bitera ibidukikije byaho byagize ingaruka zaho, igitutu gitera icyuma cyashongeshejwe, birinda kwiyongera, kandi biremeza ubumwe bukomeye. Iri koranabuhanga ni ngombwa kugirango habeho ibihe byose bya station stations no kugaragara ya mirongo mishya nka gukurikirana sitasiyo yihariye.

Uruhare rwa gaze ya inert Kureka kurenga gusudira gusa. Byakoreshejwe Kuri Gukuraho Imirongo, Crutime Cabine nibikoresho, kandi bireme ibidukikije bya inert kubigeragezo bya siyansi bikozwe orbit. Kuri sosiyete iyo ari yo yose yagize uruhare mu kubaka ibice Ubushakashatsi bwo mu kirere, tanga imyuka ihura nubuziranenge bukabije no kwizerwa ntabwo buganirwaho. Nta mahirwe ya kabiri mugihe uri nko mu bilometero 250 hejuru yisi. Iyi ni isi aho uburiganya icyemezo ntabwo ari ikibazo cyubucuruzi gusa; Ningaruka zibangamiye ubuzima.

Ni ubuhe buryo busanzwe bwa prossllant bwo gutangiza no gutondekanya kwa satelite?

Kubona a icyogajuru hanze ni imyitozo mu ihohoterwa rigenzurwa. Bisaba imbaraga nyinshi, zakozwe na vuba gutwikwa ya lisansi na okiside. Imyuka yinganda irakoreshwa Kumutima wiki gikorwa, haba mubihe byateganijwe kandi nkimbwa ikomeye. Byamenyekanye cyane imyuka ni hydrogène y'amazi na Amazi ya ogisijeni (Lox). Iyo uhujwe no gutwikwa muri moteri ya roketi, batanga umusaruro mwinshi n'amazi nkibicuruzwa byibanze byambarwa, bikaba bisukuye kandi bikora neza cyane.

Kurenga moteri nkuru, izindi Imikino uruhare rukomeye. Azote na HELIM ikoreshwa Guhagarika icyingenzi lisansi Ibigega. Ibi ni ngombwa kuko nkuko lisansi yakoreshejwe, icyuho cyakwigeze kibaho, gishobora gutera tank kugirango isenyuke cyangwa lisansi itemba. Gazi yishyurwa isunika moteri muri moteri ku gipimo gihoraho. Helium ikunze gutoneshwa nibi byiciro byo hejuru kuko biraremereye kandi bikomeza gaze ndetse no kuri Cryugenic ubushyuhe bwa hydrogène y'amazi.

Rimwe orbit, ubutumwa ntibubura. Satelite igomba guhindura ibintu bito kumwanya wabo, inzira izwi mugihe kubika. Bakeneye kandi kuba de-orbite kumpera yubuzima bwabo. Kuri ibi, Urutonde rwa Satelite sisitemu ikunze gukoresha monoPropeliteran nka hydrazine cyangwa amashanyarazi ateye imbere gusuka sisitemu nka ion thusters. Izi mpanuka zikoresha an gaze yinganda-Kora a imyuka idasanzwe nka xenon-Kandi ionie hamwe namashanyarazi. Ions noneho yihuta numurima w'amashanyarazi arasa inyuma, atanga make cyane. Ubu buryo butuma a satelite kuguma muburyo bwayo orbit imyaka myinshi ukoresheje bike cyane lisansi.

Kurenga Icyuma: Nigute imyuka yinganda ishyigikira ibikorwa bya satelite n'epanwa?

The Uruhare rukomeye ya gaze yinganda ntabwo irangiza rimwe a satelite igera ku byagenwe orbit. Mugihe cyubutumwa bwabwo, a icyogajuru ni urusobe rwibishobora kwishingikiriza kuri gaze zitandukanye gukora. Sisitemu yo gushyigikira ubuzima ku binyabiziga byatekerejwe nka poste cyangwa ubutumwa bwigihe kirekire nigihe kirekire ni urugero rwiza. Basaba ko harahoho hantu hahoraho umwuka wo guhumeka - neza imvange ya ogisijeni na azote. Dioxyde de carbone Scrubbers nazo ni ngombwa, ukoresheje inzira za chimique kugirango ukureho co₂ yakuweho nabasorronal, kubuza kubaka uburozi.

Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho bya electurebice hamwe na seriveri kuri buri wese satelite cyangwa icyogajuru barumva cyane guhindagurika. Nka satelite yimuka kandi iva mu gicucu cyisi, ihura nubushyuhe bwinshi nubukonje. Azote akunze gukoreshwa muri sisitemu yo gukonjesha. Irazenguruka binyuze mumiyoboro yo gukurura ubushyuhe kure yibice bikomeye kandi ikabishyira mu kirere, ikora nkumuyoboro wamaguru. Ibi birinda kwishyuza bishobora kwangiza cyangwa gusenya ibikoresho byibanze bikora umurimo wambere wa satelite, haba itumanaho, itogoma, cyangwa ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi.

Mubyambayeho, ibikenewe kubitangaho Porogaramu ya Aerospace bari mu miseni. Isosiyete nkiyacu ntigomba gutanga gaze gusa ahubwo itana ibikoresho byihariye nuburyo bwo gukemura bujuje imbaraga Ibipimo by'Umutekano. Imyuka igomba kuba iy'ubuza-hejuru, nkuko na banduye ibimenyetso bishobora kubangamira inkunga yubuzima cyangwa ibyangiritse bya electronics. Kwizerwa kw'ibi bya sisitemu nibyingenzi, nkuko gutsindwa mumwanya munini birashobora gusobanura gutakaza umutungo wose wamadorari.

Kuki azote ari intwari itariringaniye mu kwipimisha kandi umutekano?

Mugihe hydrogen na ogisijeni kubona icyubahiro kubera imbaraga zatangije, azote ni ituze, imyitwarire idahwitse ya Umurenge wa Aerospace. Ibihangano byayo byibanze nuko aribyo inert kandi ni byinshi. Ibi bituma ari ingirakamaro kuburyo butandukanye cyane kubisabwa aho kubuza imiti-cyane cyane gutwikwa-Ni intego. Mbere yo gutangiza, tanks hamwe nimirongo amaherezo bizana ibikoresho byaka cyane byasukuwe nubunini bunini bwa azote. Iyi nzira yuzuyemo ogisijeni isi yose isigaye n'ubushuhe, bikuraho ibyago byo guturika impanuka mugihe cyo gusangira.

Uku kwiyemeza mumutekano bigurira hamwe Kwipimisha moteri. Iyo injeniyeri zipima-umuriro moteri ya roketi, babikora mu bigo byihariye. Ibi bikoresho akenshi bihuzwa azote cyangwa amazi kugirango uhagarike kunyeganyega cyane no gushyushya, kurinda ihagarare ibizamini nabakozi. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, azote ikoreshwa mugukora ibidukikije byagenzuwe muri Ibyumba bya Traul. Izi Cyumbaro Wigereranya Ibihe bibi byumwanya, nutanduye azote Ikirere gikoreshwa mugerageza uko Ibigize Aerospace Uzakora munsi yubushyuhe bukabije nigitutu mbere yuko bava kwisi. Ikigeragezo ningirakamaro kugirango urebe ko igice cyose cya a icyogajuru irashobora kurokoka urugendo.

Uhereye kubitekerezo, icyifuzo cya azote ni uhoraho kandi ufite voluminous. Nkumutanga, turayitanga muburyo butandukanye, kuva igitutu cyigitutu kinini kubikorwa bito kuri tank nini ya Amazi azonge kugirango agerageze n'ibikorwa bikomeye. Ikimenyetso, umukozi ushinzwe gutanga amasoko, yashakaga gutanga isoko ushobora gutanga amahitamo yo gutanga byoroshye kugirango asohoze ibyo akeneye, akomeza gutega urujya n'uruza rw'umutekano unenga nta nkomyi.

Gutesakaza ejo hazaza: Uruhare rwa HyDrogen muri sisitemu yo gutandukanya

Hydrogen ni ikintu cyoroshye kandi kinini cyane mu isanzure, n'ubushobozi bwacyo nka roketi yera, ikomeye lisansi ntagereranywa. Nkuko byavuzwe, hydrogène y'amazi, iyo uhujwe na okiside nka Amazi ya ogisijeni, tanga imbaraga zidasanzwe (igipimo cya moteri) yumuriro uwo ariwo wose wa shimi moteri. Ibi bivuze ko itanga imyambaro myinshi ya lisansi, niyo nyungu nini mugihe ugerageza guhunga uburemere bwisi. Moteri nkuru yimyambarire hamwe nicyiciro cyo hejuru cya roketi nka Delta IV na sisitemu yo gutangiza umwanya mushya (SLS) yose yishingikiriza ku mbaraga za hydrogen.

Inzitizi zo gukoresha hydrogen ni ngombwa. Igomba kubikwa ku mbeho idasanzwe Cryugenic Ubushyuhe (-253 ° C ORT -423 ° F) kugirango ukomeze amazi, bisaba ibigega byimazeyo kandi bikaba byiza. Ariko, inyungu zirimo gutwara udushya. Mugihe isi isunika kungufu zirambye, the inganda za Aerospace ni ugushakisha hydrogène ntabwo ari ibya roketi gusa ahubwo no mu ndege y'ubucuruzi. Indege za hydrogen zishobora kugabanya cyane ikirenge cya karubone cyurugendo rwikirere, uhagarariye impinduka zikomeye muri inganda zifata.

Kuri twe nkuwabikoze, ibi bivuze gushora mubikorwa remezo byo kubyara no gutwara hydrogène y'amazi nka lisansi ikomeye neza kandi neza. Ibisabwa kweza ni byuzuye. Imyanda iyo ari yo yose irashobora guhagarika no guhagarika imirongo ya lisansi, biganisha ku kunanirwa kwa moteri. Mugihe tureba ejo hazaza hamwe numuntu kuri Ukwezi no gukomeza kuri Mars, ubushobozi bwo kubyara hydrogen kurubuga nka Ikirano cyamazi bizaba ikoranabuhanga rihindura imikino, kandi amahame yo gukemura iki gikomeye gaze yinganda barimo gutunganywa nonaha.

Kuzamuka kw'inganda zoherejwe: ihuriro rya gaze?

Inganda, bikunze bizwi nka 3D icapiro, ni uguhindura Inganda ya Aerospace. Aho kubaza igice kitoroshye kiva mu mpeta zihamye no guta ibikoresho (gukora ibintu bikabije), icyapa cya 3D cyubaka kiva mu ifu y'ibyuma. Ibi bituma kugirango ireme ryinshi, yo mubwibone, kandi nibice bikomeye byashobokaga gukora. Rero, aho imyuka y'inganda Bikwira muri iki gikorwa kikuru?

Ihuza ni, na none, byose bijyanye no gukora ikirere cyiza. Muburyo bwiswe Guhitamo Laser Gushonga (SLM), Laser ifite laser ishonga ifu nziza. Kurinda ifu ishyushye, reacy yo kureba amavuta, Urugereko rwose rwubaka rwuzuyemo isuku gaze ya inert, mubisanzwe argon cyangwa rimwe na rimwe azote. Ibi byemeza ko buri gice gihunga imperuka nta gihe cyanyuma, bikaviramo igice cyanyuma gifite imbaraga zimwe na gakondo yakozwe mubusanzwe.

Inyungu kuri inganda za Aerospace ni byinshi:

• Kugabanya uburemere: Ibice birashobora gukorerwa hamwe na lattices yimbere yimbere, kuzigama uburemere udatanze imbaraga.
• Imyanda idakwiye: Gusa ibikoresho bikenewe kugirango igice gikoreshwa.
• Prototyping Frototyping: Ibishushanyo bishya birashobora gucapwa no kugeragezwa muminsi yaho.
• Ibice byahujwe: Ibigize byahoze bikozwe mubice 20 byihariye birashobora gucapwa nkibice bimwe, bikomeye.

Nkumutanga, gutanga imyuka ikenewe cyane cyane Inganda ni igice cyo gukura mubucuruzi bwacu. Ubusugire bwa feri ya 3D yacapwe cya 3D Turbine cyangwa Roket Nozzle biterwa nubuziranenge bwingabo yikirere butangwa na gaze yacu. Dukunze gukorana nabakiriya kugirango twinjire byihariye Gax yo mu buryo bugoye Kunoza inzira yo gucapa kuri alloys zitandukanye.

Ni izihe mbogamizi zo gutanga imyuka idasanzwe ku nganda zo mu kirere?

Mugihe imyuka nka azote na argon ni byinshi cyane, the Inganda yishingikirije imyuka idasanzwe nka xenon, Krypton, na Neon. Iyi myuka irahari mu kirere mu bihe bito (XENON, kurugero, ni igice 1 muri miliyoni 11,5), bigatuma bigorana kandi bihenze gukuramo. Ibintu byabo byihariye, ariko, biba ngombwa kubijyanye na tekinoroji yo hejuru Porogaramu ya Aerospace.

Ikoreshwa cyane, nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, ni xenon nka a moteri in ion thusters kuri Urutonde rwa Satelite. Xenon ni byiza kuko biraremereye, inert, kandi ifite imbaraga zo hasi ionisation, kora neza gukoresha mumashanyarazi gusuka sisitemu. Neon ikoreshwa muri poster yihariye kandi nkumukocobeni. Ikibazo kuri a utanga isoko ntabwo ari ikiguzi kinini gusa ahubwo gikora neza kubyemeza urunigi ruhamye. Kutangwa ku isi ku isi ni gito, kandi zisabwa mu zindi nganda (nk'inganda za semiconductor) nazo ziri hejuru.

Kumukozi ushinzwe gutanga amasoko nka Mark, Gutererana imyuka idasanzwe bisaba gutegura neza nubucuti bukomeye hamwe nubwiringirwa utanga isoko. Ukeneye utanga isoko ufite amateka yagaragaye yo guhagarika ibi bikoresho kandi birashobora kwemeza ubuziranenge bwabo. Muri iyi soko rya Nicche, kwizerwa no gukorera mu mucyo birakomeye kuruta hamwe n'imitsi isanzwe. Intsinzi yubutumwa bwa satelite ndende irashobora guterwa no kubona ibiro byubusa xenon. Uru ni urugero rwiza rwaho igiciro cyo hasi ni gake cyane agaciro keza, nkunaniwe gutanga bishobora kubangamira umushinga wose.

Guhitamo Utanga isoko: Impamvu Ubwiza no Kwizerwa Ikibazo birenze mbere yumurenge wa Aerospace

Mu myaka yanjye nkuko ibyo bakora byohereza ibicuruzwa hanze kugirango basabe amasoko muri Amerika, Uburayi, na Ositaraliya, nabonye ibitandukanya umucuruzi wukuri. Ku nganda zidababarira nka aerospace, guhitamo an gaze yinganda utanga isoko ni icyemezo gikomeye kigira ingaruka itaziguye imikorere n'umutekano. Ushinzwe gutanga amasoko akeneye kureba ibirenze ikiguzi kuri buri gice kandi usuzume uwatanze isoko ku rufatiro rwo kwizerana, ubuhanga, no kwizerwa. Ingingo z'ububabare ni ukuri: Gucika mu itumanaho, gutinda kohereza, n'imyanya y'uburiganya birashobora kugira ingaruka mbi.

Dore ibyo nizera ko ugomba gusaba uhereye kubitanga:

• Ubwiza butajegajega: Utanga isoko agomba gutanga ibyemezo byuzuye byisesengura kuri buri cyiciro, garagaza ko gaze itera cyangwa irenze urwego rusabwa. Ibikoresho byabo byasangwa bigomba kubahiriza amahame mpuzamahanga nka iso.
• Ubuhanga bwa tekiniki: Itsinda ryabatangariza ibicuruzwa rigomba kuba ribizi. Bagomba gushobora kuganira nawe Inganda, niba ari umwihariko weld inzira cyangwa an Kwipimisha moteri protocole, hanyuma usabe ikintu cyiza ibisubizo bya gaze. Nibikoresho, ntabwo ari itegeko gusa.
• Ibikoresho byizewe: Isezerano ryo gutanga igihe ni ngombwa. Muri Inganda ya Aerospace isi, kohereza kuremo azote irashobora guhagarika umurongo wose umusaruro, bigatera isafuriya y'ibibazo. Utanga isoko meza afite ibikoresho bikomeye na gahunda zinteguro.
• Itumanaho ryumurima: Ukeneye ingingo imwe yo guhura wumva ibyo ukeneye kandi birashobora gutanga ibishya, byihuse. Ibi ni ukuri cyane cyane mugihe uva mumahanga, aho ururimi nigihe cyo gutandukanya akarere karashobora kuba inzitizi.

Umurongo wo hasi nuwo ubuziranenge no kwizerwa ni ibuye ryumutekano muri Umurenge wa Aerospace. Buri silinderi ya argon, buri tank ya hydrogène y'amazi, buri puff ya xenon kuva ion theurter ni ihuriro ryurunigi rwicyizere. Nkumukora, umwirondoro wacu wubakiye ku gutinyuka hamwe nimirongo ikomeye ishoboka, iringamira ko mugihe ibicuruzwa byacu bigeze mu ntsinzi n'umutekano wubutumwa bwawe.

ABAFATANYIJE

Gushyira muri make, uruhare rwa imyuka yinganda mumwanya wa Aerospace n Inganda zumwanya ni zitandukanye kandi ni ngombwa rwose.

• Urufatiro: Imyuka nka argon na helium ni ngombwa kugirango ireme gusudira no gukata, gukora inkinzo ya inert irinda alloy mugihe cyo guhimba.
• Imbaraga zo gusunika: Hydrogène y'amazi na Amazi ya ogisijeni ni propellan yibanze kuri roketi zikomeye, mugihe imyuka nka azote na HELIM ikoreshwa kubitekerezo byingenzi.
• Ibikorwa byo mu-orbit: Imyuka ikoreshwa kuri byose kuva inkunga yubuzima kubikorwa byateganijwe kandi Urutonde rwa Satelite hamwe xenon ion atera imicungire yubushyuhe bwa electronics.
• Umutekano no kwipimisha: Azote ni intwari itariringaniye, ikoreshwa mu guhanagura imirongo ya peteroli kugirango yirinde ibisasu no gukora ibidukikije bigenzurwa nibizamini bikomeye.
• Ejo hazaza ni gaze: Gukura kwa Inganda kandi gusunika indege ya hydrogen-ikoreshwa bivuze gusaba kweza hejuru gaze yinganda iziyongera gusa.
• Utanga isoko ni umufatanyabikorwa: Muri iyi nganda zihuta, guhitamo utanga isoko ukurikije ibisobanuro ubuziranenge, kwizerwa, ubuhanga bwa tekiniki, no gushyikirana neza ni umwanya wo kwemeza umutekano nubutumwa.