Mu gihe inganda zikora inganda, ubwubatsi bwo mu kirere, ubuvuzi, n’ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bikomeje kwiyongera, icyifuzo cya gaze ya inert zifite isuku nyinshi cyiyongereye. Muri ibyo, argon igaragara nkigice gikomeye, ikoreshwa cyane cyane kubudahangarwa budasanzwe kubushyuhe bwinshi. Kugirango uhuze amajwi menshi asabwa neza, ibikoresho mubisanzwe bibika iki kintu mumazi yacyo. Ariko, gucunga ububiko bwa argon ni ingorabahizi yubuhanga nigikorwa gisaba ubwitange butavogerwa kumutekano.

Gukorera ku bushyuhe buke budasanzwe, cryogenic fluid argon yerekana ingaruka zidasanzwe z'umubiri n'ibidukikije. Ubugenzuzi buke mu gutunganya, gufata neza ibikoresho, cyangwa igishushanyo mbonera gishobora gukurura ingaruka mbi, harimo gukomeretsa abakozi cyangwa kwangirika kwubaka. Kubwibyo, gushiraho no kubahiriza byimazeyo umutekano wa argon umutekano protocole ntabwo ari uburyo bwo kugenzura gusa - ni ikintu gikenewe rwose.

Aka gatabo karasesengura protocole ikomeye yumutekano, igenzura ryubwubatsi, hamwe nibikorwa byiza bisabwa kugirango ubungabunge ububiko bwamazi kandi bwizewe.

1. Gusobanukirwa Ingaruka za Cryogenic Liquid Argon

Kugirango ushyire mubikorwa ingamba zifatika zumutekano, abashinzwe ibikorwa nababikora bagomba kubanza gusobanukirwa byimazeyo imiterere yumubiri wa argon nibibazo byihariye bitangiza iyo bibitswe nkamazi ya kirogenike.

1.1 Ubushyuhe bukabije na Cryogenic Yaka

Argon iva muri gaze ikajya mumazi ahantu hatetse -185.8 ° C (-302.4 ° F) munsi yumuvuduko wikirere. Menyesha na cryogenic fluid argon, cyangwa niyo imiyoboro idakingiwe hamwe nimiyoboro irimo, irashobora gutera uburibwe bukabije bwa kirogenike hamwe nubukonje bukabije mumasegonda. Ubukonje bukabije bukonjesha uruhu hamwe nuduce twinyuma, bigatera ibyangiritse bisa no gutwika cyane. Byongeye kandi, gukoraho hejuru yubukonje butagira uruhu hamwe nuruhu rwambaye ubusa birashobora gutuma inyama zifatira ku cyuma, bigatuma habaho kurira cyane iyo ukuweho.

1.2 Iterabwoba rituje: Asphyxiation

Argon ni inert, idafite ibara, impumuro nziza, na gaze itaryoshye. Ibi bituma bidashoboka gutahura udafite ibikoresho kabuhariwe. Ikibazo gikomeye cyane kijyanye na ububiko bwa argon ni igipimo kinini cyo kwaguka. Iyo isukari ya argon ihumeka, yaguka kubintu bigera kuri 840 kugeza kuri 1 mubushyuhe bwicyumba.

Niba kumeneka cyangwa kumeneka bibaye ahantu hafunzwe cyangwa guhumeka nabi, gazi ya argon yaguka byihuse izahindura byimazeyo ogisijeni. Kuberako argon iremereye hafi 38% kurenza ikirere, ikunda guhurira ahantu hakeye, imyobo, hamwe n’ahantu hafungiwe. Mugihe urugero rwa ogisijeni y’ibidukikije rugabanutse munsi ya 20.9%, abakozi barashobora kugira umutwe, urujijo, guta ubwenge, ndetse no guhumeka bishobora guhitana abantu nta kimenyetso kiburira.

1.3 Kurenza urugero no Kwagura Ubushyuhe

Amazi ya Cryogenic akomeje kubira no guhumeka mubibiko byabitswe kubera ubushyuhe bw’ibidukikije bwinjira muri sisitemu, kabone niyo ikigega cyaba cyakingiwe neza. Niba iyi gazi yatetse ifashwe muri sisitemu ifunze - nko hagati yimibiri ibiri ifunze mumuyoboro - igitutu kiziyongera cyane mugihe amazi ashyushye agahinduka gaze. Hatariho uburyo bukwiye bwo kugabanya umuvuduko, uku kwaguka kwubushyuhe kurashobora gutuma imiyoboro iturika cyangwa guturika kwamato.

2. Igenzura ryubwubatsi kububiko bwa Liquid Argon

Urufatiro rukomeye umutekano wa argon umutekano itangira kera mbere yuko igitonyanga cyambere cyamazi gitangwa; itangirana nigishushanyo mbonera nubuhanga bwububiko.

2.1 Igishushanyo mbonera no gushyira

Ububiko bwa argon tanks igomba gutegurwa no kubakwa hakurikijwe amahame akomeye, nk'ayashyizweho na Sosiyete y'Abanyamerika y'Abashinzwe Imashini (ASME) cyangwa imiryango mpuzamahanga ihwanye nayo.

• Gukingira Vacuum-Ikoti: Ibigega bigomba kwerekana urukuta ruzengurutse kabiri, igishushanyo cya vacuum. Icyombo cy'imbere gifata amazi ya kirogenike, mugihe ikoti yo hanze irimo icyuho hamwe nibikoresho byangiza (nka perlite) kugirango bigabanye ubushyuhe.

• Guhuza Ibikoresho: Gusa hagomba gukoreshwa ibikoresho bigumana ubunyangamugayo bwimiterere no guhindagurika kubushyuhe bwa kirogenike - nk'ibyuma bya austenitis bitagira umuyonga, umuringa, umuringa, na aluminium. Ibyuma bya karubone bisanzwe bigenda byangirika kuri ubu bushyuhe kandi ntibigomba gukoreshwa.

• Gushyira Hanze: Igihe cyose bishoboka, ibigega byinshi bibikwa bigomba kuba hanze hanze yumuyaga uhumeka neza kugirango gaze ihumeka ishobore kwangirika mukirere. Agace kagomba kuzitirwa kugirango hirindwe uburenganzira butemewe kandi burinzwe na bollard kugirango hirindwe ibinyabiziga.

2.2 Sisitemu yo gukurikirana imyuka ya Oxygene

Niba kubika mu nzu cyangwa gutunganya ibintu bidashoboka rwose, ubwubatsi bwikigo bugomba kuba bukubiyemo sisitemu yumutekano ikora.

• Guhumeka ku gahato: Abafana bo mu rwego rwinganda ziherereye hafi yubutaka (kubera ko argon iremereye kuruta ikirere) birakenewe guhora bazenguruka ikirere no kwirinda guhuriza hamwe gaze.

• Gukurikirana Ikirere: Ikurikiranabikorwa rihamye rya ogisijeni rigomba gushyirwaho ahantu hose ububiko bwa argon cyangwa bukoreshwa. Izi monitor zigomba guhuzwa na sisitemu yo gutabaza ifite ibyuma byombi byumvikana ndetse n'amatara ya strobe agaragara. Impuruza zigomba guhita zikurura niba umwuka wa ogisijeni ugabanutse munsi ya 19.5%.

2.3 Sisitemu yo Gutabara

Buri gice cyitaruye cya a cryogenic fluid argon sisitemu igomba kurindwa gukabya.

• Indangagaciro ebyiri zo gutabara: Ibigega byo kubikamo bigomba kuba bifite sisitemu zo gutabara zirenze urugero, mubisanzwe hamwe nuruvange rwimitwaro yumutekano itwarwa nimpanuka hamwe na disiki yaturika (disiki ziturika).

• Indangagaciro zubutabazi (TRVs): Igice icyo ari cyo cyose cyo kuvoma aho argon ishobora gutwarwa hagati yimibiri ibiri ifunze igomba kuba ifite TRV yashizwemo kugirango gaze yaguka neza.

3. Igenzura ryubuyobozi nuburyo busanzwe bukoreshwa (SOP)

Ndetse nubuhanga bugezweho bugezweho burashobora kunanirwa niba ibintu byabantu bidacunzwe neza. Igenzura ryubuyobozi ritegeka uburyo abakozi bakorana nu ububiko bwa argon Sisitemu mu mutekano.

3.1 Igenzura rikomeye no kugenzura

Ububiko bugomba kugenwa nkahantu hateganijwe. Gusa abakozi bahuguwe kandi babiherewe uburenganzira bagomba kwemererwa kwinjira. Ibyapa byumutekano byuzuye ni itegeko, harimo kuburira kubyerekeye ubukonje bukabije, ibyago byo guhumeka, hamwe nibisabwa kubikoresho byihariye byo kurinda umuntu (PPE). Ibara-code hamwe nibiranga ibimenyetso byerekana imiyoboro yose, indangagaciro, hamwe nicyerekezo gitemba ningirakamaro kugirango wirinde amakosa yibikorwa.

3.2 Kwimura neza no kuzuza inzira

Inzira yo kwimura cryogenic fluid argon kuva amakamyo yo kugemura kugeza kubigega, cyangwa kuva mubigega byinshi kugeza kuri dewar ntoya, nigikorwa gishobora guteza ibyago byinshi bisaba SOP zikomeye.

• Kugenzura mbere yo kwimura: Mbere yuko iyimurwa iryo ari ryo ryose ritangira, abashoramari bagomba kugenzura mu buryo bugaragara amazu yose, amasano, hamwe na valve kugirango bagaragaze ibimenyetso byerekana ko bambaye, ibyangiritse ku mubiri, cyangwa urubura rwinshi.

• Gusukura no gukonjesha: Imirongo yimurwa igomba guhanagurwa neza nubushuhe numwuka, hanyuma igakonja buhoro buhoro kugirango ubushyuhe bwa kirogenike kugirango birinde ihungabana ryumuriro hamwe nogukoresha nabi amazi.

• Gukomeza Kwitabira: Umukoresha wujuje ibyangombwa agomba kuguma ahari kandi yitonze mugihe cyose cyo kwimura. Kwuzuza utabigenewe nimpamvu yambere itera impanuka nimpanuka.

3.3 Uburyo busanzwe bwo gufata neza no kugenzura

Umutekano wa argon umutekano yishingikiriza cyane kubungabunga ibidukikije. Ibikoresho bigomba gushyira mubikorwa gahunda ihamye ya:

• Kugenzura ubusugire bwa vacuum bwibigega byo kubika hamwe nu miyoboro ikingiwe.

• Gupima no kugenzura monitor ya ogisijeni na sisitemu yo gutabaza buri kwezi.

• Kugenzura umuvuduko wo kugabanya umuvuduko wo guhagarika ubukonje cyangwa kwangirika.

• Kugenzura uburinganire bwimiterere ya tank fondasiyo n'inzitizi zikingira.

4. Ibikoresho byo Kurinda Umuntu (PPE) Ibisabwa

Iyo ubwubatsi nubuyobozi budashobora gukuraho burundu ibyago byo guhura nabyo, PPE ikora nkumurongo wanyuma wo kurinda abakozi cryogenic fluid argon. Itsinda risanzwe rya PPE rigomba kubamo:

• Kurinda amaso no mu maso: Ibirahure byumutekano bifite ingabo zo ku ruhande ni itegeko igihe cyose. Mugihe cyo kwimura ibikorwa cyangwa igihe cyose habaye ibyago byo kumeneka, ingabo yuzuye mumaso igomba kwambarwa hejuru yikirahure cyumutekano.

• Uturindantoki twa Cryogenic: Uturindantoki tugomba kuba twarateguwe muburyo bwa serivise. Icy'ingenzi, bagomba kuba bidakwiriye birashobora rero guhita bisimburwa niba amazi ya argon yamenetse kubwimpanuka. Uturindantoki twinshi tuzagusha mu mutego amazi akonje ku ruhu, byongere umuriro.

• Imyenda ikingira: Abakozi bagomba kwambara amashati maremare n'amapantaro maremare akozwe mubikoresho bidahwitse. Ipantaro igomba kwambara hanze inkweto (cuffless) kugirango wirinde amavuta ya cryogenic yamenetse guhurira imbere yinkweto. Aprons ikozwe mubikoresho birwanya kirogenike birasabwa cyane mugihe cyo kwimura.

• Inkweto: Inkweto zikomeye z'umutekano w'uruhu cyangwa inkweto zihariye za cryogenic zirakenewe. Inkweto cyangwa inkweto zifunguye birabujijwe rwose mububiko.

5. Gutabara byihutirwa no Guteganya Ibihe

Nubwo bikomeye umutekano wa argon umutekano protocole, ibyihutirwa birashobora kugaragara. Ikigo kigomba kuba cyiteguye gusubiza ako kanya kandi neza kugirango bigabanye ingaruka.

5.1 Gukemura Amazi ya Argon

Mugihe habaye isuka rikomeye:

1. Kwimuka: Hita uhita wimura abakozi bose badakenewe muri kariya gace, cyane cyane muri zone ziri hasi aho gaze izahurira.

2. Ventilate: Kugwiza umwuka. Fungura imiryango yose iboneka hamwe na Windows, kandi urebe ko sisitemu yo gusohora ku gahato ikora ku bushobozi ntarengwa.

3. Kwigunga: Niba ari byiza kubikora hamwe na PPE ikwiye, funga isoko yamenetse ufunga ibyingenzi bitanga. Ntuzigere ugerageza guhagarika kumeneka niba bishobora guhura n’umuntu ku giti cye cyangwa amazi ya ogisijeni.

4. Gutandukana: Ntugerageze koza amazi yamenetse n'amazi; ibi bizihutisha kwihuta no guhumeka gaze. Emerera amazi guhinduka muburyo busanzwe mugihe ukomeje guhezwa.

5.2 Imfashanyo Yambere yo Gutwika Cryogenic

Niba abakozi bahuye nabo cryogenic fluid argon:

• Kuraho imyenda iyo ari yo yose ishobora kugabanya kuzenguruka ahantu hakonje, ariko ntukore gerageza gukuramo imyenda yakonje kuruhu.

• Koza ahantu hafashwe n'amazi menshi adashyushye, amazi meza (ntabwo ari amazi ashyushye).

• Ntugasibe cyangwa ngo ukore massage tissue yakonje, kuko ibi bizatera iyangirika ryimiterere ya selile.

• Gupfukirana ako gace wambaye kandi wumye kandi ushakishe ubuvuzi bwumwuga.

5.3 Gusubiza Asphyxiation

Niba umukozi aguye ahantu hakekwa kubura ogisijeni:

• Ntukihute utarinze. Nuburyo abantu benshi bapfa (ingaruka "zishaka gutabara").

• Inkeragutabara zigomba kwambara ibikoresho byo guhumeka byonyine (SCBA) mbere yo kwinjira mukarere kabi.

• Himura uwahohotewe ahantu hafite umwuka mwiza ako kanya.

• Niba uwahohotewe adahumeka, tangira guhumeka. Niba guhumeka bigoye, koresha ogisijeni yinyongera. Hamagara serivisi zubuvuzi bwihutirwa.

6. Kubahiriza amabwiriza n'amahugurwa ahoraho

Kubungabunga umutekano ububiko bwa argon kigo gisaba gukurikiza byimazeyo amabwiriza y’ibanze n’amahanga. Muri Amerika, ibikoresho bigomba kubahiriza umurongo ngenderwaho washyizweho n’ubuyobozi bushinzwe umutekano n’ubuzima bw’akazi (OSHA) n’ishyirahamwe ry’imyuka ya gazi (CGA). Imibiri ingana ibaho kwisi yose (urugero, EIGA muburayi).

Ariko, kubahiriza nibyo shingiro gusa. Umuco wumutekano nyawo wubatswe binyuze mumahugurwa ahoraho, asubiramo. Abakozi bose - uhereye kubakozi bambere kugeza kubayobozi b'ibigo - bagomba guhugura imyitozo isanzwe ikubiyemo ibintu bifatika bya argon, gukoresha neza PPE, imyitozo yo gutabara byihutirwa, hamwe namakuru agezweho kubijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho.

Umutekano ntabwo ari inshuro imwe; ni filozofiya ikomeza.

7. Kurinda Argon yo mu rwego rwo hejuru uhereye kubafatanyabikorwa bizewe

Mugihe gushyira mubikorwa protocole yumutekano mukigo cyawe nibyingenzi, ubunyangamugayo bwurwego rwawe rutanga ingenzi. Gucukumbura imyuka yinganda zanyu zitanga isoko ryizewe, ryemewe, kandi ryujuje ubuziranenge ryemeza neza ko ibicuruzwa bigezwa kuri tanki yawe ari byiza, kandi ko uburyo bwo kubitanga ubwabwo bwubahiriza amahame yo mu rwego rwo hejuru y’umutekano.

Ku nganda zisaba ubuziranenge n’ubwizerwe, gufatanya n’inzobere mu gutanga gaze ni ngombwa. Gaze ya Huazhong ni isoko ryambere ryitangira gutanga ibisubizo byo murwego rwohejuru rwa gazi yinganda. Waba ukeneye inganda-nganda zisanzwe cyangwa ultra-high purity argon kubikorwa byoroshye byo gukora, Gazi ya Huazhong itanga ibisubizo bikomeye byo gutanga amasoko ajyanye nibyo ikigo cyawe gikeneye.

Menya neza ko ibikorwa byawe bikoreshwa nibyiza. Shakisha ibisubizo byuzuye bya argon kandi ushireho urwego rwizewe rwo gusura Gazi ya Huazhong - Ibicuruzwa bya Argon. Muguhuza protocole yimbere yumutekano hamwe nuwabitanze wizewe, uremeza umutekano wabakozi bawe hamwe nuburyo budahwitse bwibikorwa byinganda.

Ibibazo

Q1: Kuki ikigega cya vacuum gikenewe mububiko bwamazi ya argon?

A1: Cryogenic fluid argon igomba kubikwa mubushyuhe buke cyane (-185.8 ° C / -302.4 ° F) kugirango igume mumazi. Ikigega cya vacuum gikora cyane nka thermos yubuhanga buhanitse. Umwanya wa vacuum uri hagati yinkuta zimbere ninyuma ukuraho ihererekanyabubasha hakoreshejwe imiyoboro hamwe na convection biva mubidukikije. Ibi birinda kubira vuba no gutera akaga, bigatuma amazi abikwa neza kandi neza mugihe kirekire.

Q2: Nokora iki mugihe impuruza yo kubura ogisijeni igiye hafi yububiko bwacu bwa argon?

A2: Niba impuruza yumvikanye, byerekana urugero rwa ogisijeni yagabanutse munsi yumutekano (mubisanzwe 19.5%), ugomba guhita wimura ako gace. Ntugerageze gukora iperereza ku nkomoko yamenetse udafite ibikoresho byo guhumeka wenyine (SCBA). Kuberako argon idafite impumuro kandi idafite ibara, ntuzumva kubura ogisijeni kugeza ubuze ubwenge. Kwimura abakozi bose, kurindira perimetero, no gutegereza abatabazi byihutirwa cyangwa kugeza igihe ibyuma bya kure byemeza urugero rwa ogisijeni yagarutse mubisanzwe.

Q3: Ese gants zisanzwe zimpu zishobora gukoreshwa mugihe ukoresha amavuta ya kirogenike?

A3: Oya rwose. Uturindantoki dusanzwe two mu gihe cy'imbeho ntabwo twakozwe kugirango duhangane n'ubushyuhe bwa kirogenike kandi bizahita bikonja, bidatanga uburinzi. Ikigeretse kuri ibyo, akenshi usanga bikwiranye. Niba amazi ya argon asatiriye kuntoki zifunze, irashobora kwinjira mubintu hanyuma igatega amazi akonje kuruhu rwawe, bigatera kwangirika kwinyama. Ugomba gukoresha uturindantoki twihariye, twemejwe na kirogenike udukingirizo kandi udakwiriye, bikwemerera kuzinyeganyeza byoroshye mugihe habaye gutandukana.