Gutontoma bya moteri yindege nijwi ryihuza, yubucuruzi bwisi yose, bwiterambere. Ariko imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, iryo jwi ryageze ku bidukikije. Inganda zindege ziri mu masangano, humura igitutu kinini cyo guhamagarira. Nka nyiri uruganda rutanga imyuka yinganda, njye, Allen, rufite intebe yumurongo wambere mumahinduka yikoranabuhanga azasobanura ejo hazaza. Kimwe mu bishimishije ni urugendo rugana kuri vation ya hydrogen. Iyi ngingo ni kubayobozi bucuruzi nka Mark Shen, utyaye, uhamye, kandi uhore ushakisha amahirwe akurikira. Ni kwibira byimbitse mwisi ya hydrogène y'amazi nka indege lisansi, gusenya siyanse igoye mubushishozi bwubucuruzi. Tuzasesengura ikoranabuhanga, ibibazo, n'impamvu inzibacyuho yerekana amahirwe menshi kubari mu ruhererekane rw'inganda.

Kuki inganda zindege zishakisha amavuta ya Krosene?

Mu gice kirenga Igice, The Inganda zindege yishingikirije hafi ya hit gusa lisansi ikomoka kuri kerosene. Nimbaraga-ubwinshi, ugereranije, kandi twubatse ibikorwa remezo bikomeye byisi yose. Ariko, ingaruka zishingiye ku bidukikije ni ukudahakana. Indege ikaba izwi cyane mu bice 2,5% by'ibyuka, ariko umusanzu wacyo mu mihindagurikire y'ikirere irakomeye ku zindi ngaruka nka oxides (Nox). Nkuko umuvuduko wigice cyinshi uhagarika birambye, indege na indege Abakora bamenye ko uko ibintu bimeze bitakiri amahitamo.

Imiyoboro igenzura hamwe nabaguzi kimwe irasaba inzira isukuye yo kuguruka. Ibi byakuruye isiganwa kugirango ubone ibintu byiza Ubundi lisansi. Mugihe amahitamo nkindege zirambye lisansi . Intego nyamukuru ni indege yuzuye zeru, kandi niho hydrogen irinjira. Inzibacyuho ije isoko nshya ya indege ntabwo ari ngombwa gusa; ni impinduramatwara yikoranabuhanga izakura byose aerospace Umurenge. Kubicuruzi mumurongo utanga, usobanukirwe nintambwe yambere yo kubikoresha.

Uku gushaka indege isukuye irimo gusunika imipaka ya Ikoranabuhanga rya Aerospace. Ikibazo nukubona a lisansi ibyo birashobora gukomera ubucuruzi bunini indege Hirya no hino intera nini idatanga imyuka ya parike. Batteri yamashanyarazi, mugihe kinini kumodoka kandi birashoboka cyane Indege ngufi, gusa ntugire imbaraga zingufu zikenewe kuri a Indege ndende. Iki nikibazo cyibanze ko Ingufu za Hydrogen yiteguye gukemura. Inganda zishakisha cyane INGINGO ZIKURIKIRA ikoreshwa na hydrogen, byerekana icyerekezo gisobanutse cy'ejo hazaza h'indege.

Niki gituma hydrogène ya lisansi yindege?

None, kuki umunezero wose kuri hydrogen? Igisubizo kiri mubihe bidasanzwe. Na misa, amavuta ya hydrogen ifite hafi inshuro eshatu imbaraga zindege gakondo lisansi. Ibi bivuze an indege Birashobora gutembera kure cyane hamwe na bike cyane lisansi uburemere. Iyo hydrogen ikoreshwa muri Ingirabuzimafatizo, gusa ukomoka ni amazi, bigatuma igisubizo cya zeru mubyukuri mubitekerezo bikoreshwa. Uyu ni Umukino-Umukino wa indege isi.

Guhitamo hagati yo kubika hydrogène nka gaze ifunzwe cyangwa amazi yakorgeni ni umuntu ukomeye kuri aerospace injeniyeri. Mugihe hydrous ni Byoroheje Gukemura Ubushyuhe busanzwe, ntabwo ari umugenzacyaha. Kubika bihagije hydrous Kubundege bufite intego, uzakenera ibigega byinshi, biremereye, bidakwiye kuri an indege. Hydrogène y'amazi (LH₂), kurundi ruhande, ni denseri nyinshi. Mugukonjeya hydrognan kubukonje -253 ° C (-423 ° F), ihinduka amazi, yemerera imbaraga nini cyane kubikwa mu rubumbe runaka. Ubu bucucike nibyo bifata lisansi ya hydrogen Umukandida uyobora kubushake busanzwe kandi Indege ndende.

Ukurikije uko mbibona nkumutanga, ubushobozi bwa hydrogène y'amazi ni byinshi. Tumaze kuba abahanga mugutanga no gukora imyuka ituje cyane. Ibibazo bya hydrogen liquefaction Kandi ububiko nibyingenzi, ariko nibibazo byubwubatsi bikemurwa mubitekerezo byiza cyane ahantu nka Ikidage Aerospace Centre. The Inyungu za Hydrogen-Ibice byingufu nyinshi no gutwika neza-gutwikwa-kure kure ingorane. Imbaraga lisansi nurufunguzo rwo gufungura ingendo zirambye, ndende.

Nigute uburyo bwa sydrogen ya sydrogen bwa sisitemu yimbaraga?

Gutekereza a sisitemu ya hydrogen ya hydrogen kuri an indege Birashobora kugaragara nkibihimbano bya siyanse, ariko ibitekerezo byukuri birasobanutse neza. Sisitemu ifite ibice bine byingenzi: Ububiko tank, the lisansi Umuyoboro wo kugabura, igice cyuzuye, na sisitemu yo gusunika. Byose bitangirana na crupique yizewe cyane, Ikigega cya lisansi aho hydrogène y'amazi ibitswe kuri -253 ° C. Kubika a lisansi Kuri ubu bushyuhe kuri an indege ni ubwubatsi bukomeye feat, bisaba ibikoresho byambere hamwe ninyigisho ya vacuum kugirango wirinde amazi atemba.

Kuva kuri Ububiko bwa Hydrogen tank, inkono lisansi yashyizwe kumurongo unyuze kumurongo wimiyoboro yatanzwe. Mbere yuko ishobora gukoreshwa, the hydrogène y'amazi igomba guhinduka muri gaze. Ibi bibaho muburyo bwo guhanura, bususurutsa neza Uwiteka lisansi. Ibi gaze ya hydrogen noneho agaburirwa muri sisitemu yo kwikuramo. Byose Sisitemu ya Hydrogen Ugomba kuba wagenewe kwishimangira, umutekano mubi, kandi wizewe ukurikije indege, kuva ihatirwa kugwa.

Aha niho ubuhanga muri gaze yinganda buba bunegura. Igishushanyo no gukora ibi sisitemu yindege bisaba gusobanukirwa byimbitse kuri crugenike na gaze. Amahame amwe dukoresha mugutera neza no gutwara imyuka yoroheje hasi irahuzwa nibidukikije bidasanzwe bya an indege. Ibigo bitanga imyuka yinganda, nkibyacu, ni abafatanyabikorwa bangenzi muri iri terambere, bakomeza gutanga isuku-kwizerwa Hydrogen irahari kubushakashatsi, iterambere, nuburyo amaherezo yibi bishya indege.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya hydrogen na luel ya hydrogen puldox?

Iyo abantu bavuga Indege ya Hydrogen, mubisanzwe bivuga imwe muri tekinoroji ebyiri nyamukuru: itaziguye hydrogen cyangwa Amashanyarazi ya Hydrogen. Byombi Koresha Hydrogen nk'ibanze lisansi, ariko bahindura imbaraga zayo muburyo butandukanye cyane. Ni ngombwa kubantu bose muri uru ruganda kugirango bumve itandukaniro.

Hydrogen ni intambwe yihindagurika. Harimo guhuza na moteri yubu gutwika amavuta ya hydrogen aho kuba kerosene. Inyungu yambere nuko igabanya mokori ikora ariho, ishobora kwihutisha iterambere. Ariko, mugihe yatwitse hydrogen ikuraho imyuka ihumanya ikirere, irashobora kubyara oxides (Nox) ku bushyuhe bwinshi, nibitonyanga byangiza. The Ikidage Aerospace Hagati (DLR) ni uburyo bwo gusuzuma uburyo bwo kugabanya imiterere ya Nox muriyi moteri. Ubu buryo burasuzumwa byombi Indege ngufi n'indege nini.

Amavuta ya hydrogen Ku rundi ruhande, tekinoroji, ni intambwe ya impinduramatwara. Muri Sites, hydrogen na ogisijeni kuva mu kirere zihujwe na electrochemical reaction yo kubyara amashanyarazi, n'amazi n'ubushyuhe nk'ibicuruzwa byonyine. Iyi nama noneho imbaraga zamashanyarazi zihindura imizi cyangwa abafana. Ibi Sisitemu Akagari ni ubusa rwose co₂ na Nox. Ikoranabuhanga rirahubuka kandi rishobora gukora neza kuruta gutwikwa. Abahanga benshi bemeza ko Indege ikoreshwa na selile ya lisansi nintego nyamukuru yo kugira isuku rwose indege.

Dore igisenyuka cyoroshye:

Inzira zombi zirimo gushakisha ibihangange nka Airbus, ugamije kuzana hydrogen Indege ya 2035. Iterambere ryambere Ikoranabuhanga rya Akagari ni ahantu h'ingenzi kwibanda kuri byose inganda za Aerospace.

Ni izihe nzitizi zikomeye mu gukoresha hydrogène nka lisansi yo guhana?

Umuhanda ujya Indege ya hydrogen ni ushimishije, ariko ntabwo ari ibibazo byacyo. Nkurikije uburambe bwanjye mu nganda za gaze, nzi ko gukora hydrogen, cyane cyane hydrogène y'amazi, bisaba neza no kubaha cyane umutekano. Kuri aerospace Umurenge, ibyo bibazo birakuza. Inzitizi ya mbere kandi ikomeye ni ububiko. Hydrogen irasaba umwanya munini, niyo nkamazi meza. A Ikigega cya hydrogen kuri an indege akeneye kuba inshuro enye kurenza kerosene Ikigega cya lisansi gufata ingufu zingana.

Ubunini bwibisabwa bitera ingaruka kuri domino kuri Igishushanyo cy'indege. Ibi binini binini, silindrike, cyangwa ibigega byubahiriza biragoye kwishyira hamwe muri "tube-a-wing" bigezweho indege. Byongeye kandi, ubushyuhe bwa hydrogène y'amazi Saba "tank-in-tank" igishushanyo mbonera, kizwi nka dewar, hamwe nigice cya vacuum yo kwigana. Ibi Hydrogen sisitemu iragoye kandi wongere uburemere, burigihe umwanzi wa indege gukora neza. Guharanira kwizerwa no kwiringirwa igihe kirekire lisansi sisitemu mugihe cya miriyoni yindege nicyo kintu cyambere kubashakashatsi.

Kurenga Uwiteka indege ubwabwo, hariho ikibazo cyo kubaka isi yose Ibikorwa remezo bya hydrogen. Ibibuga byindege bizakenera gusobanurwa rwose kububiko neza no kwimura byinshi bya hydrogène y'amazi. Ibi bikubiyemo guteza imbere tekinoroji ya lisansi, sisitemu yo gutahura, hamwe na protocole yumutekano. Tugomba kandi gupima Umusaruro wa hydrogen Biratangaje, kubungabunga ni "icyatsi" cyakozwe ukoresheje ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa. Nzi kuvugana nabakiriya ko ibikoresho bireba. Kuri nyir'ubucuruzi nka Mariko, kwizerwa kwa gukwirakwiza hydrogen Umuyoboro uva mu gihingwa cyo gukora ku kibuga cy'indege bizaba ingenzi nk'ubwiza bwa gaze ubwayo.

Nigute indege izahinduka kwakira sisitemu ya hydrogen?

Imitungo idasanzwe ya lisansi ya hydrogen bivuze ko indege y'ejo ejo hazaza utandukanye cyane nuyu munsi. Kwinjiza ibintu byinshi byakori ya lisansi nigihangano nyamukuru cyo gutwara gishya Igishushanyo cy'indege ibitekerezo. Abashinzwe injeniyeri ntibashobora gusimbuza kerosene mumababa hamwe na hydrogen; Mu magambo arabyemerera. Amababa ntabwo yishyuye bihagije kugirango akore tanki nini ya silindrike.

Ibi byatumye benshi bahangayika INGINGO ZIKURIKIRA. Igitekerezo kimwe kizwi ni ugushyira ibiri manini hydrogen tank muri fuselage ya indege, inyuma y'umugenzi. Ibi bikomeza imiterere isanzwe ya Aerodynamic ariko igabanya umwanya kubagenzi cyangwa imizigo. Undi myumvire ya Futuristic ni "umubiri uvanze" (BWB), aho fuselage n'amababa bihujwe mu miterere imwe, yagutse. Iyi miterere itanga byinshi byimbere, bigatuma ari byiza kumazu manini Ikigega cya hydrogen sisitemu idafite umwanya wabagenzi. Iki gishushanyo nacyo gishobora gutanga inyungu zikomeye zo mu kirere.

Sisitemu yo gusunika nayo igira ingaruka kuri indegeigishushanyo mbonera. An Indege Yakozwe na hydrogen irashobora kugira moteri isa nuyu munsi, ariko bizaba binini kandi birinda gutwika amavuta ya hydrogen. Kuri an Indege ikoreshwa na selile ya lisansi, igishushanyo gishobora kuba gikabije. Abafana bato benshi b'amashanyarazi barashobora gutangwa mu mababa kugira ngo barusheho gukora neza, igitekerezo kizwi ku izina ryatanzwe. Iki ni igihe gishimishije muri Ikoranabuhanga rya Aerospace, aho bikenewe gushya lisansi ni ugufungura ibihe bishya byo guhanga kandi neza indege Igishushanyo. Buri shyashya Ikoranabuhanga mu ndege ituza hafi yintego yo kuramba indege.

Ninde abapayiniya ba Aerospace bakora indege ya hydrogen mubyukuri?

The Inzibacyuho kuri Hydrogen ntabwo ari imyitozo gusa; Abakinnyi bakomeye muri inganda za Aerospace barimo gushora imari miriyari kugirango bibeho. Airbus yabaye umuyobozi wijwi, agaragaza ibikoresho byayo hamwe nintego irashimishije yo gutangiza ubucuruzi bwambere bwa zeru Indege ya 2035. Barimo gushakisha byombi hydrogen na akagari ka lisansi inzira zitandukanye indege ingano. Ubwitange bwabo bwohereje ikimenyetso gikomeye ku munyururu wose utazi impinduramatwara hydrogen iza.

Mu Bwongereza, The Ikigo cya Aerospace Ikigo (Ati) ni inkunga imishinga myinshi, harimo iterambere rya a Indege Yerekana. Imwe mu mishinga ishimishije cyane iyobowe na Cranfield Aerospace ibisubizo, ikora kugirango uhindure icyicaro gito, 9-Norman Isonder Indege y'akarere kwiruka kuri a Amavuta ya hydrogen Sisitemu. Uyu mushinga, urimo ibintu bifatika ikizamini cy'indege, ni ngombwa kugirango ubone uburambe bwukuri kandi ibyemezo byubuyobozi kuri hydrogen sisitemu yindege. Iyi mishinga ntoya ni amabuye yingenzi yo gukandagira yemewe Urutonde rwa Hydrogen kuri binini Indege.

Andi masosiyete arimo guhangayikishwa cyane. Zerovia yamaze gukora ingendo zipimbano Indege Yakozwe na a Amavuta ya hydrogen Sisitemu. Mu murongo wanjye wakazi, turimo kubona ibibazo byiyongereye kugirango imyumbarire itunganijwe ihanitse kuri iyi R & D. Kuva imyuka yihariye ikoreshwa mugukora ibipimo byoroheje byimiterere kuri Argon bikenewe mugusumura neza moteri yindege, urusobe rwose rurimo kwitegura. Ubufatanye hagati yibi ntacyo adushya aerospace Ibigo hamwe nurwego rwa gaze yinganda ni ngombwa kugirango utsinde Inzibacyuho kuri Hydrogen.

UKO urwanira gaz isuku ya peteroli ya hydrogen coval?

Iki nikibazo kigira ingaruka itaziguye ubucuruzi bwanjye nubucuruzi bwabakiriya bange. Kuri hydrogen moteri, ubuziranenge bwa amavuta ya hydrogen ni ngombwa, ariko kuri Amashanyarazi ya Hydrogen, biragoye rwose. A Akagari nigice cyunvikana cyane. Ikora mugusimbukira hydrogen kuri catalyst ya platinum, ishobora kwanduza cyane kwanduza.

Umwanda muto nk'ibice bike kuri miliyoni - ibintu nka sulfuru, Ammoni, cyangwa monoxide ya karubone - irashobora kwangiza umusemburo. Iyi nzira, izwi ku izina rya Datalyst, igabanya burundu Akagari ka Lieli imikorere na lifespan. Kuri an indege, aho kwizerwa ari plamount, ukoresheje ikintu kiri munsi ya ultra-eydrogène ya hydrogène ntabwo ari amahitamo. Niyo mpamvu amahame mpuzamahanga, nka ISO 14687, agaragaza urwego rwuzuyemo amavuta ya hydrogen. Guhuza aya mahame bisaba uburyo bwo kubyara byateye imbere no kweza.

Aha niho ubuhanga bwo gutanga isoko buhinduka urufunguzo rwo kugurisha. Buri gihe nshimangira abafatanyabikorwa banjye ko kugenzura ubuziranenge ntabwo ari agasanduku kugenzura gusa; Ni ishingiro ry'ubucuruzi bwacu. Kubantu bose bashaka gutanga ejo hazaza hydrogen isoko, kubasha kwemeza no kwemeza ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa byawe ntabwo biganirwaho. Ibi ni ukuri cyane kuri an Indege z'amashanyarazi zikoreshwa n'amazi hydrogen Ingirabuzimafatizo, aho byose gusuka indege sisitemu biterwa nubwiza bwa lisansi. Nkigice gifite imirongo myinshi yumusaruro, twahaye inzira kugirango tumenye icyiciro cyacu Gaze yo hejuru cyane guhura cyangwa kurenga aya mahame mpuzamahanga, atanga ubwishingizi bwo kwizerwa aerospace Ibisabwa.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ibikorwa remezo by Hydrogen kugirango dushyigikire amato yisi yose?

An indege ni igice kimwe gusa cyo kugereranya. Kuri Indege ya hydrogen kuba impamo, nini, kwisi yose Ibikorwa remezo bya hydrogen igomba kubakwa. Iki nikibazo ku gipimo cyo kubaka umwimerere rwurubuga rwindege rwisi. Ibibuga byindege bizakenera guhinduka ihuriro ryingufu, rishobora kubyara cyangwa kwakira, kubika, no gukwirakwiza imibumbe nini ya hydrogène y'amazi.

Ibi bikubiyemo kubaka igipimo kinini hydrogen liquefaction ibimera haba ku kibuga cy'indege cyangwa hafi. Hkogenic hydrogen Icyo noneho yabitswe mu tan nini, yishingikirije cyane kurubuga. Kuva aho, igisekuru gishya cyamakamyo ahwanye cyangwa sisitemu ya hydrant, yagenewe cyane cyane amazi yakoge, yari gukenerwa kugirango akore buri wese indege. Umutekano numwe wambere. Ibikorwa remezo byose, uhereye kuri Umusaruro wa hydrogen Ikigo Kurongora gihuza na Sisitemu y'indege, igomba gukorwa hamwe nibiranga umutekano birenze kugirango ukore iki gikomeye lisansi.

Ikibazo cyibikoresho ni kinini, ariko kigaragaza amahirwe menshi yubucuruzi. Bizakenera ishoramari mu miyoboro, amato yo gutwara abantu, n'ibikoresho byo kubika. Ibigo byihariye muri clogenic ibikoresho, nkabakora Ubushyuhe buke bwa gazi silinders, uzasaba icyifuzo gikomeye. Kubashinzwe isoko nka Mariko, ibi bivuze kubaka umubano ubu hamwe nabatanga isoko bumva ibintu byombi Amazi na gaze. Kuzuza ikibanza muriyi urunigi ruzaza bisobanura gutekereza kuri ibinyabuzima byose, ntabwo ari lisansi ubwayo.

Witeguye guhinduka kuri hydrogen mumurenge wa Aerospace?

The Inzibacyuho kuri Hydrogen muri indege Umurenge ntukiri ikibazo cya "niba," ariko "ryari." Umuvuduko wubaka, uyobowe nibikenewe mubidukikije, umuvuduko ukabije, hamwe no guhanga udushya. Kubashinzwe ubucuruzi, iyi ni akanya gato. Shift izakora amasoko mashya kandi asaba ubuhanga bushya. Ibigo bishobora gutanga byizewe cyane hydrogen, tanga ibisubizo bya Lotistike, kandi wumve ibintu byiza bya aerospace Umurenge uzatera imbere.

Nkumuntu wamaze imyaka mubucuruzi bwinganda, nabonye uburyo ikoranabuhanga rishya rirema abayobozi bashya. Ibigo ni byo bigerwaho bitemeza impinduka kandi ubitegure. Tangira wiyigisha nawe hamwe nikipe yawe kuri Ikoranabuhanga rya Hydrogen. Gusobanukirwa itandukaniro riri hagati Ingirabuzimafatizo no gutwika, nuruhare rukomeye rwo kwera. Tangira gusuzuma urunigi rwanyu. Bafite ubuhanga bwa tekiniki nicyemezo cyiza cyo gukorera aerospace isoko? Barashobora gukemura ibikoresho byo gutanga ibicuruzwa nka hydrogène y'amazi?

Iyi ni ikinamico. Uwambere Indege zakozwe na hydrogène y'amazi Ku gipimo cyubucuruzi kiracyari hafi yimyaka icumi. Ariko urufatiro rurashyirwaho uyu munsi. Ubushakashatsi burakorwa, prototypes yubakwa, kandi iminyururu itanga isoko. Ubu ni igihe cyo kubaza ibibazo bikwiye no gushyira ubucuruzi bwawe kugirango ube igice cyisuku indege Impinduramatwara. Ejo hazaza h'indege irahaguruka, kandi bizaba ikoreshwa na hydrogen.

ABAFATANYIJE

• Birakenewe byihutirwa: The Inganda zindege ni ugushaka cyane zeru-over itubamo ubundi buryo lisansi, hamwe hydrogène y'amazi kugaragara nkabandida bayobora kugeza igihe kirekire indege.
• Inzira ebyiri zinyuranye: Urutonde rwa Hydrogen bizakoresha cyane cyane uburyo bubiri: butaziguye hydrogen moteri yahinduwe kandi ikora neza cyane Amashanyarazi ya Hydrogen ibyo bitera amashanyarazi.
• Ububiko ni ikibazo nyamukuru: Inkweto nini yubuhanga irimo kubika byinshi, corugenic hydrogène y'amazi kuri an indege, bisaba ibipimo binini, byizewe cyane kandi bizaganisha kuri shyashya Igishushanyo cy'indege.
• Ubuziranenge ni umwanya munini: Kuri Amavuta ya hydrogen Sisitemu, ultra-isukuye-isukuye hydrogène ntabwo aribyifuzo gusa - ni ngombwa kugirango wirinde kwangirika kuri katalisiti.
• Ibikorwa remezo ni urufunguzo: Inzozi nziza zisaba kubaka ibikorwa remezo byisi yose kuri Umusaruro wa hydrogen, liquefaction, kubika, no kuri lisansi ku bibuga byindege.
• Amahirwe y'Ubucuruzi: Shift kuri hydrogen Kurema amahirwe menshi yubucuruzi mu ruhererekane rw'inganda, uhereye ku musaruro ugana ibikoresho no gukora ibikoresho.