Kodi hydrogen imapangidwa bwanji?
1. Zili bwanji madzi a hydrogen opangidwa?
Kupanga hydrogen ndi njira ya gasi wamadzi
Gwiritsani ntchito anthracite kapena coke ngati zopangira kuti mugwirizane ndi nthunzi wamadzi kutentha kwambiri kuti mupeze mpweya wamadzi (C+H2O→CO+H2-kutentha). Pambuyo kuyeretsedwa, izo wadutsa chothandizira ndi nthunzi wa madzi kutembenuza CO mu CO2 (CO + H2O → CO2 + H2) kupeza mpweya ndi hydrogen zili oposa 80%, ndiyeno kukanikiza m'madzi kupasuka CO2, ndiyeno kuchotsa CO otsala kudzera njira munali cuprous formate (kapena cuprous acetate munali njira ya kompositi amoniya koyera, mtengo wa amoniya wa kompositi wotsika mtengo). hydrogen ndipo ali ndi zotulutsa zazikulu ndi zida zambiri. Njira imeneyi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ammonia synthesis zomera. Ena amapanganso methanol kuchokera ku CO ndi H2, ndipo malo ochepa amagwiritsa ntchito haidrojeni yocheperako kwambiri yokhala ndi 80% haidrojeni Gasi amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafuta amadzimadzi. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ku Beijing Chemical Experimental Plant ndi zomera zazing'ono za feteleza wa nayitrogeni m'malo ambiri.
Kupanga hydrogen kuchokera ku gasi wopangidwa ndi gasi wachilengedwe kuchokera kuphulika kwamafuta amafuta
Kuwotcha kwamafuta amafuta amafuta kumapanga kuchuluka kwa haidrojeni, komwe nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mu hydrogenation ya petulo, haidrojeni yofunikira ndi zomera za petrochemical ndi feteleza. Njira yopangira haidrojeni iyi imatengedwa m'maiko ambiri padziko lapansi. Zomera, maziko a petrochemical ku Bohai Oilfield, ndi zina zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njirayi kupanga haidrojeni.
Coke Oven Gasi Refrigerated Hydrogen Production
Muziundana ndi kukakamiza mpweya wa ng'anjo ya coke womwe udatulutsidwa kuti usungunuke mpweya wina ndikusiya hydrogen. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ochepa.
Hydrogen by-product of electrolysis of salt water
M'makampani a chlor-alkali, hydrogen yambiri yoyera imapangidwa, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga hydrochloric acid, ndipo imatha kuyeretsedwanso kuti ipange haidrojeni wamba kapena haidrojeni wamba. Mwachitsanzo, haidrojeni yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mufakitale yachiwiri yamankhwala imapangidwa ndi electrolytic brine.
Zopangidwa ndi makampani opanga moŵa
Chimanga chikagwiritsidwa ntchito kupesa acetone ndi butanol, kuposa 1/3 ya haidrojeni mu mpweya wotayirira wa fermenter imatha kupanga haidrojeni wamba (pamwamba pa 97%) pambuyo pa kuyeretsedwa mobwerezabwereza, ndipo haidrojeni wamba imatha kuzimitsidwa mpaka pansi -100 ° C ndi nayitrogeni wamadzi Mu chubu cha silika gel osakaniza, zonyansa (monga ngati zoyera za N2) zimatha kuchotsedwa pang'ono. haidrojeni (kuposa 99.99%). Mwachitsanzo, kampani ya Beijing Brewery imapanga haidrojeni, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito powombera zinthu za quartz ndi mayunitsi akunja.
2. Zili bwanji madzi wa hydrogen zonyamula komanso njira zoyendera
Pakalipano, njira zonyamulira zamadzimadzi hydrogen makamaka zimaphatikizapo mitundu iyi:
Choyamba ndi kutumiza magalimoto akasinja. Njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito magalimoto akasinja opangidwa mwapadera kusamutsa haidrojeni wamadzimadzi kuchokera kwa wopanga kupita kufakitale kapena malo ogwiritsira ntchito. Magalimoto amatanki nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi zipolopolo zamitundu ingapo kuti asatenthetse komanso kupanikizika kwamadzi a hydrogen pamayendedwe. Komabe, njira iyi imafunikira ndalama zambiri pomanga tanki ndipo imakhala pachiwopsezo cha zinthu monga ngozi zapamsewu komanso kuletsa mtunda.
Chachiwiri ndi kutumiza mapaipi. Njirayi imachokera pamapaipi akuluakulu amadzimadzi a haidrojeni. Madzi a haidrojeni amadzimadzi amabayidwa m'mapaipi ndi malo opangira, kenako amatumizidwa ku fakitale ya wogwiritsa ntchito kapena pothirira mafuta wa hydrogen kudzera mapaipi apansi panthaka. Kuyendetsa mapaipi ndi njira yotsika mtengo, yothandiza komanso yotetezeka yolumikizirana ndi mayendedwe amphamvu kwambiri a haidrojeni wambiri. Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuyendetsa mapaipi kumafuna kumangidwa kwa zomangamanga zazikulu, ndipo pali zoopsa zina, choncho ntchito yoyendetsera bwino ndi yokonza imayenera kuonetsetsa kuti chitetezo chake chitetezeke.
Chachitatu ndi mayendedwe apamadzi. Mafuta a haidrojeni amathanso kunyamulidwa ndi nyanja kupita kumadera osiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwamadzi amadzimadzi a haidrojeni, zoyendetsa sitima zimafunikira malo osungiramo zinthu zapadera ndi zoyendera ndi matekinoloje kuti atsimikizire kukhazikika kwa sitimayo komanso chitetezo cha hydrogen yamadzimadzi. Kuyendetsa sitima zapamadzi kumatha kukwaniritsa zosowa zoyendera mtunda wautali zamadzi ambiri a haidrojeni, koma zimafunikira ndalama zazikulu zachuma ndiukadaulo, komanso kutsata mosamalitsa malamulo achitetezo apanyanja ndi misonkhano yapadziko lonse lapansi.
3. Kodi hydrogen yamadzimadzi ndiyovuta kupanga?
Ndizovuta kwambiri kupanga, ndipo zovuta zake zili mu mfundo zotsatirazi:
Kutentha kozizira kumakhala kochepa, mphamvu yozizirira ndi yayikulu, ndipo mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ndiyokwera kwambiri;
The ortho-paraconversion ya haidrojeni imapangitsa kuti ntchito yofunikira kukhetsa hydrogen kukhala yokulirapo kuposa ya methane, nayitrogeni, helium ndi mpweya wina, ndipo kutentha kwa ortho-paraconversion kumapanga pafupifupi 16% ya ntchito yake yabwino ya liquefaction;
Kusintha kwachangu kwa kutentha kwapadera kumapangitsa kuti phokoso la hydrogen liwonjezeke mofulumira ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha. Kuthamanga kwamphamvu kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti rotor ya hydrogen expander ikhale ndi nkhawa kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mapangidwe ndi kupanga zowonjezera zikhale zovuta kwambiri;
Pakutentha kwa hydrogen yamadzimadzi, zonyansa zina za gasi kupatula helium zimalimba (makamaka okosijeni wolimba), zomwe zimatha kutsekereza mapaipi ndikupangitsa kuphulika.
4. Kodi mafakitale amadzimadzi a hydrogen ndi ati?
Kumene hydrogen ikufunika, monga zamlengalenga, zandege, zoyendera, zamagetsi, zitsulo, mafakitale a mankhwala, chakudya, magalasi, ngakhale madipatimenti amafuta a anthu wamba, hydrogen yamadzimadzi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Pankhani ya mankhwala a haidrojeni, mankhwala amadzimadzi a haidrojeni amatha kupereka haidrojeni pamakina amadzi okhala ndi haidrojeni, makapu amadzi odzaza ndi haidrojeni, ndi zida zoyamwitsa haidrojeni m'malo akulu. Pakali pano, malo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri amadzimadzi a haidrojeni m'dziko langa ndi zakuthambo.
Mtengo wa haidrojeni wamadzimadzi m'munda wa hydrogen yosungirako makamaka akuwonetseredwa m'mbali zotsatirazi. Choyamba, haidrojeni yamadzimadzi imafuna voliyumu yaying'ono kuposa wamba wamba wa hydrogen, yomwe ingachepetse kwambiri malo osungira komanso ndalama zoyendera. Kachiwiri, hydrogen yamadzimadzi imakhala yoyera bwino, mosiyana ndi mpweya wa haidrojeni, womwe umatulutsa zonyansa monga mpweya ndi nayitrogeni, zomwe zidzakhudza kugwiritsidwa ntchito komaliza. Kukula kwa haidrojeni yamadzimadzi m'malo osungiramo haidrojeni ndi kayendedwe kumathandizanso kupititsa patsogolo kukula kwa haidrojeni ndikukulitsa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya haidrojeni m'magawo ambiri.
