Yiziphi izinto okufanele zibhekwe ekukhiqizweni kwegesi esizeni ezitshalweni zezimboni zamakhemikhali
2025-02-12
Embonini yamakhemikhali, Ukukhiqizwa kwegesi kusayithi emafektri kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi eyinselele ehilela ukucatshangelwa okuphelele kwezinto eziningi. Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokuhambisana, ukuhlaziya okuphelele nokwakheka kusuka ku-technical, ezomnotho, ukuphepha, ukubuka kwezemvelo, kanye nokuhlolwa kokulawula kuyadingeka.
Okokuqala, ukukhethwa kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa okuvuthiwe kuyisisekelo sokwakhiwa kwenqubo yokukhiqiza igesi. Ngokuya ngezidingo ezithile zenqubo, izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezisetshenziswayo zifaka amalahle, igesi yemvelo, i-biomass, kanye ne-petroleum coke. Izindleko, ukutholakala, ukufaneleka kanye nokuqina kokuhlinzekwa kwezinto ngakunye okuluhlaza kudinga ukuhlolwa ngokuphelele ukugwema ukuphazamiseka kokukhiqiza ngenxa yokushoda kwezinto ezingavuthiwe noma ukuguquguquka kwekhwalithi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izidingo zangaphambi kokwelashwa kwezinto zokwelashwa ezivuthiwe, njengokuchoboza, ukomisa, noma ukususwa, kungakhuphula ubunzima kanye nezindleko zenqubo, ngakho-ke ukuhlelwa okufanele kwezinyathelo zangaphambi kokwelashwa kuyadingeka. Lapho ukhetha indlela yenqubo, izinqubo ezahlukahlukene kumele zisindwe ngokumelene nomunye ngokusekelwe kwizidingo zangempela. Izinqubo zokukhiqiza igesi ezijwayelekile zifaka phakathi ukufakwa kwamalahle, ukuguqulwa kwe-Steam, i-oxidation ethile, ne-electrolysis yamanzi yokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen. Ukukhethwa kwalezi zinqubo akumele kubhekwe ngokuguqulwa kahle kepha futhi kuhlole ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukuhlanzeka komkhiqizo, ukuphatha ngomkhiqizo, nezinye izinto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwenza kahle ukwakheka kwenqubo kubalulekile. Ukulungisa izimo zokuphendula (isb. Ukuguquguquka kwendlela yenqubo nakho kuyinto ebalulekile okufanele uyicabangele. Amandla okuvumelanisa nezinto zokwenziwa okuhlukile noma akhiqize amagesi ahlukahlukene (isb. Ukukhethwa kwemishini nokuthembela kwalo nakho kuyizinto ezibalulekile ezithonya ukuqina kanye nomnotho we Ukukhiqizwa kwegesi esendaweni . Imishini eyisisekelo efana nama-reactors, ama-compressors, imibhoshongo yokuhlukanisa, namadivayisi wokuhlanza (isb. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kwemishini engafuneki kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kwefektri. Ngemishini ebucayi efana ne-compressors, amasistimu wesipele kufanele abe sendaweni ukugwema ukumiswa kokukhiqizwa ngenxa yokuhluleka kwephuzu elilodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhetha abahlinzeki ngobuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe kanye nensizakalo enhle yokuthengisa kungaqinisekisa ukulungiswa okubushelelezi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemishini. Mayelana nokulawulwa kwengozi yokuphepha, izinqubo zokukhiqiza igesi zivame ukubandakanya amazinga okushisa aphezulu, izingcindezi eziphakeme, namagesi avuthayo noma aqhumayo, ngakho-ke imidwebo eqinile yobufakazi iyadingeka. Amadivayisi wokutholwa kwegesi (E.G., izinzwa ezingenampilo) nezinhlelo zokuvalwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo (i-ESD) kufanele zifakwe. Ama-opharetha kufanele alandele ngokuqinile izinqubo zokusebenza futhi aqhube njalo ukuqhuba ukushayela okuphephile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ahlome ngemishini yokuvikela edingekayo. Amapulani aphuthumayo kufanele athuthukiswe ukubhekana nezingozi ezingavikelekile, njengemililo, ukuvuza kwegesi, ubuthi, njll. Ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nokuphathwa kokukhishwa kubalulekile. Izinqubo zokukhiqizwa kwegesi esizeni emakhelini amakhemikhali zikhiqiza amagesi angcolile, amanzi amdaka, kanye nokungcola okuqinile, izindlela ezisebenzayo zokwelapha imfucumfucu, okufana nokususwa kwegesi, ubuchwepheshe bokususa uthuli, kumele lusetshenziswe. Ukwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka akufanele kunganakwa, namanzi angcolile a-acidic adinga ukungathathi hlangothi kanye nezinsimbi ezisindayo zitholwa ukuze kusetshenziswe kabusha. Izinhlelo zokwelashwa ze-biochemical kufanele zihlangabezane namazinga okuphuma. Imfucumfucu eqinile, efana nomlotha futhi usebenzise ama-catalysts, kufanele ilahlwe ngokuhambisana nokusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza noma imigomo yokugcwaliswa komhlaba ovumelanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, unikezwe umthetho oqinile womhlaba wokukhishwa kwekhabhoni, ukusetshenziswa kweCarbon Capect Technology (CCUS) nobuchwepheshe obuluhlaza we-hydrogen kungasiza ukufeza izinhloso zokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni futhi kunciphise ama-footprints kakhabhoni. Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye nokulawulwa kwezindleko kuwumongo wokusebenza kwezomnotho kwezinqubo zokukhiqiza igesi. Ubuchwepheshe obufana nokuhlanganiswa kokushisa, ama-catalyst asebenzayo, namadrayivu efrikhwensi ahlukahlukene anganciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla futhi athuthukise ugesi kanye nokusetshenziswa kahle komusi. Ekubalweni kwezindleko, kubalulekile ukumboza izindleko ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa izinto zokusetshenziswa, amandla, ukwehla kwezisetshenziswa, abasebenzi, nokuphathwa kwemvelo, kanye nokuhlola inani lezindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila ukuze kuqinisekiswe imbuyiselo ephusile yokutshalwa kwezimali. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhlola amandla efektri maqondana nesidingo semakethe kuyadingeka ukuze kugwenywe ukutshalwa kwezimali ngokweqile noma ukushoda kwamandla. Ukuhambisana nokulawula nokujwayelekile kuyisidingo esiqinile sayo yonke imboni yamakhemikhali. Ifekthri kufanele ihambisane nemithetho yasekhaya neyamazwe ngamazwe, njengokuthi “Imithetho Yokulawulwa Ngokuphephile Kwamakhemikhali Ayingozi” kanye “Namazinga Okukhishwa Okuphelele Kwezinto Ezingcolisa Umoya,” futhi ithole izimvume zokukhiqiza ukuphepha ezidingekayo kanye nezimvume zokuhlola umthelela kwezemvelo (EIA). Ukwengeza, izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe njenge-ISO 14001 (Environmental Management) kanye ne-ISO 45001 (Occupational Health and Safety) nazo kufanele zicatshangelwe. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokukhula, ezenzakalelayo kanye ne-digitalization sekube yizindlela ezibalulekile emafemini anamuhla amakhemikhali. Ngokwamukela amasistimu wokulawula athuthukile (isb., DCS / SCADA), ukuqapha kwangempela kanye nokwenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwendawo kungatholakala. I-AI algorithms ehlanganisiwe ingalungisa amapharamitha enqubo ngokusekelwe kwidatha yesikhathi sangempela ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza nokuqina. Ngokwengeziwe, ubuchwepheshe bokuqagela bokuqagela, ngezinkomba zokuqapha njengokudlidliza kwemishini kanye nokushisa, kunganikeza izexwayiso zakuqala zokuhluleka nokuhluleka kokuphumula. Ukuphepha kwedatha nakho kuyisici esibalulekile sefektri yedijithali, kanye nezinyathelo ezisebenzayo kufanele zithathwe ukuvikela amasistimu wokulawula izimboni (ama-ICS) kusuka kuma-cyberattacks. Ukukhethwa kwesayithi lefektri nokwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda kubalulekile ngokulinganayo. Ifektri kufanele itholakale endaweni enokuhamba okulula futhi eduze nabathengisi ababonakalayo noma abasebenzisi abakhulu ukunciphisa izindleko zokulahla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunikezwa kwamandla ezinzile, imithombo yamanzi eyanele, nezinhlelo zeSteam / zokupholisa kumele zitholakale. Ukuhlelwa Kweyo Logistics kufanele kufake ukwakheka okunengqondo kwezinto ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo nezinto zokuhamba zomkhiqizo futhi ubheke umthamo wezindawo zokugcina. Mayelana nezinsiza zabantu, amabhizinisi amakhemikhali adinga ukuzihlomisa ngonjiniyela abanamakhono, ochwepheshe, namaqembu okuphatha ezokuphepha. Ukuqeqeshwa okuvamile mayelana nokusebenza, izimpendulo eziphuthumayo, nokuvikela ukuphepha kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi abasebenzi bangakwazi ukubhekana nezinselele ezihlukahlukene zokukhiqiza nokuphepha. Ukuthuthukiswa kwesiko lebhizinisi nakho kubaluleke kakhulu, kugxilwe ekuqiniseni umqondo “wokuphepha kuqala” nokusungula uhlelo lokuphatha ukuphepha olubandakanya bonke abasebenzi. Ukufunwa kwemakethe kanye nokuguquguquka komkhiqizo nakho kuyizinto ezibalulekile kwinqubo yokukhiqiza igesi. Kususelwa ekufunweni kwemakethe, ukuhlanzeka kwegesi, ingcindezi, kanye nezindlela zokuhlinzeka kufanele kuguqulwe kalula. Ikakhulu ngokukhula okusheshayo kwesidingo samandla we-hydrogen, imiklamo yomugqa wokukhiqiza amamondo anika amandla amabhizinisi ukusheshe aphendule kuzinguquko zemakethe. Ngokuya kwabaphathi bezingane, ifektri kufanele ibekele isikhala noma ukuhlangana kokunwetshwa kwamandla okuzayo noma ukuvuselelwa kwezobuchwepheshe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphathwa kwemvelo kwemishini yokuthatha umhlalaphansi kufanele kuhlelwe kusengaphambili ukugwema ukungcoliswa okusele. Ukucatshangelwa okujulile futhi kufaka phakathi izingozi zezwe, ikakhulukazi esimweni sokuncika kakhulu ekuthengisweni kwezinto ezingavuthiwe, lapho izinguquko zezombusazwe zamazwe ngamazwe zingaholela ezingozini zokuhlinzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe akufanele kunganakwa, futhi kufanele kuqashelwe ubuchwepheshe obusha be-gasification kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-electrochemical hydrogen ukuze kugcinwe ukuncintisana kwebhizinisi. Kumongo womnotho oyindilinga, ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yemikhiqizo, njenge-CO₂ ye-urea synthesis, nakho kuyindlela ebalulekile yentuthuko esimeme. Ku Inqubo yokukhiqiza igesi esendaweni , Ifektri yemboni yamakhemikhali kumele icubungule ngokuphelele Ukukhethwa okungavuthiwe kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukuklanywa kwenqubo, ukukhethwa kwemishini, ukuphathwa kwezokuphepha, ukuhambisana nemvelo, nezinye izimo ukufeza izinhloso zokukhiqiza eziphephile, ezisebenza kahle nezizinzile. I-Huazhong Gas yinkampani engochwepheshe yokukhiqiza igesi eChina . Siqhuba ukuhlolwa kwesayithi ngokususelwa endaweni yefekthri futhi senze ngezifiso izixazululo ngokuya ngemikhiqizo edingekayo. Ngokwamukela imikhiqizo ethuthukile kanye nobuchwepheshe bokwakha, sisiza amafektri ahlangabezane ngokushesha nezidingo zawo. Samukela izingxoxo nawe.IZIHLOKO
