Le ndatshana ingeyawo wonke umuntu odinga ukuqonda umgogodla wemboni yanamuhla: amoniya. Sizobuyela ekujuleni kulokho igesi ye-ammonia , Kwenziwa kanjani, izinhlelo zayo ezinkulu, nokuthi yini okufanele uyibheke kumhlinzeki othembekile. Lokhu akuyona nje ukubukwa kwezobuchwepheshe; Kungumhlahlandlela osebenzayo ovela kumnikazi wefektri kumnikazi webhizinisi, eklanyelwe ukukunikeza ukucaciseleka nokuzethemba okudingayo ukwenza izinqumo ezinhle kakhulu zokuthenga.

Yini ngempela igesi ye-ammonia futhi iyini izakhiwo zayo?

Emgogodleni wayo, amoniya (NH₃) iyingxenye yamakhemikhali eyenziwe ngeyodwa nitrogen i-athomu kanye nokwebathathu i-hydrogen ama-athomu. Kuyinto igesi engenamibala ngephunga elihlukile kakhulu, elibucayi - ungalibona iphunga laso elibukhali ngokushesha. Abantu abaningi bahlobanisa leli phunga nemikhiqizo yokuhlanza indlu, evame ukuqukatha I-Ammonium Hydroxide, isixazululo esinamanzi se amoniya. Kepha indima yayo idlulela kude kakhulu. Ngesimo sayo esimsulwa, esicindezelwe, yitshe legumbi le ikhemisi lezimboni. Le khasi Izakhiwo ze-ammonia Kwenze kube ngokuzemayo okuguquguqukayo. Inokuphansi okuphansi iphuzu elibilayo ka -33.34 ° C (-28.01 ° F), okuvumela ukuthi isetshenziswe kalula ngaphansi kwengcindezi yokugcinwa nokuhamba, isici esibucayi se igesi yezimboni.

Omunye obaluleke kakhulu Izakhiwo ze-ammonia igesi lokho kunjalo I-Ammonia iyancibilika kakhulu emanzini. Lapho lokhu igesi Qhafaza, kwakha isisekelo, noma i-alkaline, ikhambi. Lokhu kusebenza kabusha kuyisizathu esibalulekile sokusetshenziswa kwayo okusakazekile ku-acid audizing kanye Ukukhiqizwa komanyolo. Naphezu kwezinzuzo zayo eziningi, kubalulekile ukukhumbula lokho I-Ammonia inobuthi ngokugxila okuphezulu. Ukuqonda lezi zindawo eziyisisekelo isinyathelo sokuqala sanoma ngubani obandakanyeke ekuthengeni noma ekuphatheni lokhu okubalulekile I-Chemical Compound. Le khasi isenzo se-ammonia Ngezinqubo ezahlukahlukene zivela ngqo kule nhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yezimpawu zomzimba nezamakhemikhali.

Ukubaluleka kwale molecule elula akunakweqiwa. Kusuka ekudleni ematafuleni ethu kuya emoyeni opholile kusuka eziqandisini zethu, I-Amoniya idlala indima ebalulekile. Ikhono layo lokusebenza njengenkampani ephethe futhi esebenza kahle ye i-hydrogen na- nitrogen kwenza kube yinto ebaluleke kakhulu eluhlaza ngaphakathi izinqubo eziningi zezimboni. Njengoba sihlola umuntu wenkuqunu kanye nezicelo, uzobona ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani igesi yezimboni Isekela ezomnotho zomhlaba futhi ithinte cishe zonke izici zempilo yanamuhla. Le khasi Ukusetshenziswa okugcwele iwa- amoniya Ingabe i-testament iyizakhiwo zayo ezinamandla nezisebenzayo.

Kutholakala kanjani ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni ze-ammonia?

Iningi lezwe amoniya Idalwe ngenqubo eguqule ezolimo kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule: inqubo ye-haber-bosch. Le ndlela ye Ukukhiqizwa kwe-ammonia kuyinto yonjiniyela wamakhemikhali ohlanganisa umkhathi igesi ye-nitrogen ne- i-hydrogen, ngokuvamile kuthathwe kusuka igesi yemvelo noma enye Amafutha fosssil, ukuze khiqiza i-ammonia. Inqubo inhle emcabangweni kepha iyinkimbinkimbi ekwakhiweni, okudinga izingcindezi eziphakeme (150-250 bar) ne Ukushisa okuphezulu (400-500 ° C), kanye ne-catalyst esekwe ngensimbi ukusheshisa ukusabela.

Le khasi Synthesis of ammona kuqala nge Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Hydrogen. Methane kusuka igesi yemvelo uphendula nge-Steam ukukhiqiza i-hydrogen na- I-Carbon Dioxide. Le khasi nitrogen ihlukaniswe nje ukusuka emoyeni esiphefumulayo. Lawa magesi amabili ahlanzwa, acindezelwe, futhi anikezwe isiphithiphithi. Ngaphakathi, ngaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu nokushisa, basabela ekwakhekeni amoniya. Okuholele okushisayo igesi ingxube ipholile, kubangele amoniya ukuze ahlukaniswe ngakho-ke kungahlukaniswa, kuyilapho ongeqiswanga nitrogen na- i-hydrogen baphinde babuyiselwe emuva kwinqubo. Lokhu kuvula okuqhubekayo kwenza ukukhiqizwa kwe-ammonia yezimboni Inqubo esebenza kahle kakhulu.

Njengomnikazi wefektri, ngingakutshela lokho okwenza lokhu umuntu wenkuqunu ukugxila njalo. Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoba inqubo ye-Haber-Bosch inamandla amakhulu, i-accounting ye-1% yokusetshenziswa kwamandla emhlabeni. Izinto ezintsha kubuchwepheshe beCatalyst Technology kanye nokuhlanganiswa kokushisa kuhlale kuhlolisiswa ukunciphisa izindleko kanye nezinyathelo zemvelo. Lapho utholile amoniya, unambitha umkhiqizo owazalwa kwelinye lempumelelo ebaluleke kakhulu ngaphakathi ikhemisi lezimboni. Ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina incike ngokuphelele ekuqondeni nasekulawuleni okulungiselelwe kuzo zonke izinyathelo zalokhu okufunwayo ammonia synthesis inqubo.

Yiziphi izinto ezivame kakhulu zezimboni ze-ammonia?

Lapho abantu bebuza ukuthi yini Kusetshenziswa i-ammonia Ngoba, impendulo ilula: cishe konke, ukuqala ngokudla kwethu. Ukusetshenziswa okukodwa okukhulu kwe amoniya-I-Acconing ngaphezulu kwama-80% abo bonke Ammonia akhiqizwa Emhlabeni jikelele-kwenzelwe Ukukhiqizwa komanyolo. Kungumthombo oyinhloko we nitrogen ingomane Umanyolo we-ammonia Imikhiqizo efana ne-urea ne-ammonium nitrate. Ngaphandle kwalokhu igesi yezimboni, asikwazanga ukusekela isivuno sezitshalo esidingekayo ukondla inani labantu emhlabeni. Lesi sixhumanisi Ukukhiqizwa kokudla kwenza ukunikezwa okuthembekile kwe amoniya udaba lokuphepha emhlabeni jikelele.

Ngaphesheya kwepulazi, amoniya -nana Izicelo eziningi zezimboni. Kuyisithako esibalulekile ku Ukukhiqizwa kwamapulasitiki, Izicucu zokwenziwa ezifana ne-nylon, iziqhumane, kanye nemithi eminingi yezemithi. Ezikhungweni zokwelashwa kwamanzi, amoniya isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-chloramine, ukubulala amagciwane okuzinzile futhi kunomphumela ohlala isikhathi eside kune-chlorine. Le khasi imboni yamakhemikhali kuncike kakhulu ku amoniya Njengebhulokhi yokwakha eminye amakhemikhali ezimboni. Empeleni, uma ubona umkhiqizo oqukethe nitrogen, kunethuba elihle lokuthi amoniya wayehilelekile ekudalweni kwawo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, I-Ammonia iyakhonza njengesiqandisi esisebenza ngempumelelo nemvelo. Kudala ngaphambi kokusungulwa kwe-freyoni, amoniya kwakuyisiqandisi sokukhetha Izinhlelo Zesiqandiso Zezimboni, futhi kwenza ukubuya okukhulu. Ngomhlaba wonke wokufudumala (GWP) kanye ne-ozone defeTetion engenzeka (i-ODP) ye-zero, kuyindlela enhle kakhulu kwisiqandisini sokwenziwa esilimaza umkhathi. Kusuka ezitshalweni zokudla ezinkulu zokudla ku-ice rinks, Ama-Ammonia Refideration Systems ahlinzeke ukupholisa okusebenzayo. Leli igesi iyasetshenziswa Ngezindlela eziningi ezifihliwe ezisekela izimpilo zethu zansuku zonke. Lezi Izicelo ezahlukahlukene zezimboni qokomisa ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani lokhu igesi empeleni kunjalo.

Kungani i-Amhydrous Ammonia ibalulekile ezimbonini eziningi kangaka?

Igama uzovame ukuzwa Izilungiselelo Zezimboni Is anhydrous ammonia. Lokhu kusho nje amoniya lokho kumsulwa futhi kuqukethe amanzi amancane kakhulu noma awekho (an-hydrous = "ngaphandle kwamanzi"). Kuyindlela eyisisekelo ye amoniya isetshenziswe cishe konke Izicelo zezimboni. Ngoba ayifakwanga, kuyindlela egxile kakhulu futhi esebenza kahle yokuhambisa nokusebenzisa nitrogen. Kumlimi, ukufaka isicelo anhydrous ammonia ngqo emhlabathini uletha inani eliphezulu le nitrogen izakhi zezilimo ezitshalweni ngendlela ezinzile. Ukuhlanzeka kwalo yikho okwenza kube namandla futhi kuphumelele.

Emhlabeni wokwelashwa kwensimbi, amoniya kuhlukaniswe (kuphulwe phansi) ku i-hydrogen na- nitrogen e- Ukushisa okuphezulu. Le ngxube isetshenziselwa ukwenza lukhuni indawo yensimbi yensimbi kwinqubo ebizwa ngokuthi yi-nitriding. Le khasi nitrogen Ama-athomu aphazamise ebusweni bezingxenye zensimbi, adala ukuqina okunzima kakhulu okuphikisana nokugqoka nokugqwala. Kusetshenziswa futhi njengesimo sokuvikela esihlalweni ukuvikela i-oxidation ngesikhathi sokunxusa. Kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-welding, ezihlakazekile amoniya ingasetshenziswa njengesihlangu esibizwa ngokuthi igesi. Nakhu ukuqhamuka kwayo lapha kubalulekile ekwakheni okuhlala isikhathi eside, okuphezulu kwezensimbi.

Ekugcineni, ngamakhemikhali umuntu wenkuqunu, anhydrous ammonia yi-solvent enamandla ne-realent eguquguqukayo. I-ammonia nayo iyasetshenziswa Ekwenziweni kwe-nitric acid, okuyisisekelo sayo yonke into kusuka kumadayi kuya kuma-rocket profellals. Amandla ayo okwenza njengesizinda senza kube lusizo lokungathathi hlangothi kwama-byproducts acidic ekuphendukeni kwamakhemikhali. Lapho Isikhulu Esithengwayo NjengoMark Shen Orders amoniya, ngokujwayelekile zi-oda le fomu elihlanzekile, eline-anhydrous, ngoba ukugxila kwalo kanye nokuntuleka kokungcola kubalulekile ebuqothweni balezi -ahlukeneyo bezimboni izinqubo. Ukuhlanzeka kwalo kuqinisekisa imiphumela engabikezelwa futhi ethembekile, okungaxoxiswanga ekukhiqizweni kwezibalo eziphezulu.

"Eminyakeni yami engama-30 ekuthengeni amakhemikhali, ngifunde into eyodwa: ubumsulwa bezinto zakho zokusetshenziswa buza umkhiqizo wakho wokugcina. Nge amoniya, alikho indawo yokuyekethisa. Umthombo othembekile wokuhlanzeka okuphezulu anhydrous ammonia isisekelo somugqa wokukhiqiza ozinzile. "- UViokeran Wezimboni

Yiziphi izingozi ezibalulekile zokuvezwa kwe-ammonia futhi zingashintshwa kanjani?

Naphezu kokusebenzisa kwayo okusakazekile, kumele sihlale sihlonipha Izingozi ze-ammonia. Kuhlukaniswa njengento enobuthi nenobuthi. Ukuchayeka e-ammonia kungadala ukucasuka okukhulu esikhunjeni, amehlo, umphimbo kanye namaphaphu. Ngalokho I-Ammonia iyancibilika kakhulu Ngamanzi, ifuna ngokushesha umswakama emzimbeni, okuholela ekushayweni kwamakhemikhali. Ukuphefumula okuphezulu Izinga le-ammonia kungabulala. Ubungozi obuqala ngaphakathi Izilungiselelo Zezimboni kuvela ekukhishweni ngengozi kusuka emathangini okugcina acindezelwe noma amapayipi. Lokhu yingakho izimiso zokuphepha eziqinile akuyona nje isincomo; ziyimfuneko.

Ukunciphisa ubungozi be Ukuvezwa kwe-ammonia iqala ngezilawuli zobunjiniyela. Izinsizakusebenza Sebenzisa i-ammonia Kufanele ube nezinhlelo zomoya eziqinile kanye nezinzwa zokutholwa okuvuzayo ezingadala ama-alamu kanye nokuvalwa okuzenzakalelayo. Izisetshenziswa zokuzivikela (i-PPE) umugqa olandelayo wokuvikela. Noma ngubani osebenza eduze Ubuningi be-ammonia Kufanele ifakwe futhi iqeqeshelwe ukusebenzisa ama-respirators, amagilavu ​​alwa namakhemikhali, kanye nama-goggles aqinile egesi noma izihlangu zobuso. Siqinisekisa ukuthi bonke abasebenzi bethu baqeqeshwa ngokuqinile kulezi zinqubo.

Mhlawumbe isu elibucayi kakhulu lokunciphisa liwukulungela okuphuthumayo. Zonke izindawo kufanele zibe nemibukiso yezimo eziphuthumayo, iziteshi zamehlo, kanye necebo lokufuduka elicacile nelinempilo. Ukuqeqesha Abasebenzi kulokho okufanele ukwenze uma Ukuchayeka e-ammonia kungadala Impikiswano ibaluleke kakhulu. Akukona ukuphendula igesi ngokuphepha ngesikhathi sokusebenza okujwayelekile; Kumayelana nokwazi kahle ukuthi kufanele usabele kanjani lapho okuthile kungahambi kahle. Ukuze umthengi, lokhu kubalulekile. Umhlinzeki obeka phambili futhi ongakhombisa ukuthi lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha nguyena oqonda imvelo yangempela yomkhiqizo abawuthengisayo. Lapho ubhekene ne-A Enamandla igesi yezimboni thanda amoniya, Udinga umlingani okwazisa ukuphepha okuningi njengoba wenza.

Kufanele kulawulwe kanjani ukugcinwa kwe-ammonia okuphephile?

Okufanele Ukugcinwa kwe-ammonia kuyisici esibucayi sokuphatha ubungozi bayo kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuhlinzekwa okuzinzile. Kusukela i-ammonia inengcindezi ephezulu ye-vapor emazingeni okushisa aveent, I-Amonia kufanele zigcinwe kungaba njengoketshezi ngaphansi kwengcindezi noma esigabeni esiqandisiwe ngokugcwele ekucindezelweni komkhathi. Amanani amancane ngokuvamile agcinwa kumasilinda acindezelwe noma amathangi, njenge Izinga lokushisa eliphansi elifakwe i-gas cylinder Sinikezela. Lezi ziqukathi zakhiwe ukubekezelela izingcindezi eziphakeme futhi zifakwe ama-valves wokusiza izingcindezi ukuvimbela ukwehluleka okuyinhlekelele uma kucindezelwa ngokweqile.

KAKHULU Ubuningi be-ammonia, ezinjengalezo ezitholakala ezikhungweni zokukhiqiza noma ezikhungweni ezinkulu zokusabalalisa, isigciniwe sesiqandisiwe sivame kakhulu. Le khasi amoniya ipholile kuyo iphuzu elibilayo (-33 ° C) futhi igcinwe emathangini amakhulu, afakwe kahle. Le ndlela inciphisa ingcindezi ngaphakathi kwethangi, okwenza kube ngokuphephile ngokwemvelo. Kodwa-ke, -khwithithita Uhlelo oluqhubekayo lweqandisisa ukuze lugcinwe amazinga okushisa aphansi, anezela ubunzima nezindleko. Zombili lezi zindlela zidinga ukuhlolwa njalo kanye nokunakekelwa kwamathangi, amapayipi nama-valve ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho babo.

Njengomhlinzeki, siyaqonda ukuthi izinto zokufunda nokugcina zikukhathaza amakhasimende ethu. Siqinisekisa ukuthi kwethu amoniya ihlanganiswe futhi ihanjiswa ngokuhambisana nawo wonke amazinga aphesheya. Amasilinda namathangi esiwasebenzisayo, kungaba msulwa amoniya noma Indawo yokukhuthaza Imikhiqizo, ihlolwe futhi yaqinisekiswa. Izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukugcina amoniya Kufanele ukhethwe ngokucophelela - ngokwesibonelo, i-Corredes yethusi, ithusi, ne-zinc, ngakho-ke insimbi iyinto yokuzikhethela. Ukulebula okufanele, izinqubo zokuphatha eziphephile, kanye nemibhalo ecacile yonke ingxenye yohlelo oluphelele lokuphepha oluqinisekisa igesi Ifika esikhungweni sakho ngokuphepha futhi isilungele ukusetshenziswa.

Uyini umthelela wezemvelo we-ammonia kanye nokunyuka kwe-ammonia eluhlaza?

Kufanele sithembeke nge Umthelela wezemvelo we-ammonia ukukhiqiza. Inqubo yendabuko ye-haber-bosch ithembele kakhulu Amafutha fosssil, ngokuqondile igesi yemvelo, zombili njenge-feedstock ye i-hydrogen Futhi njengomthombo wamandla wokufaka amandla okushisa aphezulu, ukusabela okuphezulu kwengcindezelo. Le nqubo ingumthombo obalulekile we I-Carbon Dioxide (Co₂) ukuphuma, okuluhlaza omkhulu igesi. Njengoba umhlaba uqhubekela eDemoirbonazation, The igesi yezimboni Umkhakha ufunela izindlela zokuhlanza yenza i-ammonia.

Le nselelo inikeze umqondo wokuthi "Green Ammonia." Lokhu amoniya kukhiqizwa kusetshenziswa inqubo engenakukhishwa ngokuphelele ekuphumeni kwekhabhoni. Le khasi umuntu wenkuqunu Indlela iyafana, kepha okokufaka kuhlukile. Le khasi i-hydrogen kukhiqizwa nge-electrolysis yamanzi enikwe amandla yimithombo yamandla evuselelekayo efana nomoya noma ilanga, kanye nitrogen isahlukaniswe emoyeni. Umphumela amoniya I-Molecule iyafana, kepha ukukhiqizwa kwayo kushiya i-Footprint encane yezemvelo. Ngenkathi kusabiza kakhulu kunezindlela zendabuko, izindleko ze Green Ammonia kulindeleke ukuthi ukwehla njengamandla avuselelekayo kuba ashibhile futhi asakazeke kakhudlwana.

Nokho amoniya Ngokwalo kungaba ngumngcoli uma ededelwa emigwaqweni yamanzi (lapho kuyingozi empilweni yasemanzini), ukukhathazeka kwawo okukhulu kwemvelo ukukhiqizwa kwawo. Ukuguqukela ku Green Ammonia imelela ithuba elikhulu. Akuhlali kuphela ukukhiqizwa kwe umanyolo na- amakhemikhali ezimboni Kepha nezikhundla amoniya njengomthwali ongaba khona wamandla avuselelekayo. Umkhakha usendleleni eguqukayo, futhi njengomkhiqizi wokucabanga phambili, sibheke kakhulu futhi sitshale imali kubuchwepheshe ezokwenza Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Amonia esimeme izizukulwane ezizayo.

Ungayiqinisekisa kanjani ikhwalithi kanye nesitifiketi e-ammonia synthesis?

Ukuze umthengi njengoMark Shen, onebhizinisi lakhe ancike emafutheni athengisa kabusha ekwakhiweni kwezinkampani, ikhwalithi kanye nesitifiketi akunakuphikiswa. Iphuzu lobuhlungu lokukhwabanisa isitifiketi langempela futhi kungaba nemiphumela emibi. Ngakho-ke, uqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi amoniya Uthenga uhlangana namazinga okuhlanzeka adingekayo futhi usekelwa yimibhalo esemthethweni? Isinyathelo sokuqala ukufuna isitifiketi sokuhlaziywa (COA) kuyo yonke i-batch. Lo mbhalo, onikezwe umphakeli, imininingwane yokwakheka okuqondile kwe igesi, kufaka phakathi ubumsulwa be amoniya kanye Izinga le-ammonia Ukungcola njengamanzi namafutha.

Kodwa-ke, isitifiketi sithembeke kuphela njengenkampani ekhipha yona. Yilapho kufakwa khona idumela lomhlinzeki kanye nokuvela obala. Umphakeli othembekile kufanele azimisele futhi akwazi ukukuhamba ngezinqubo zawo zokulawulwa kwekhwalithi. Efektri yami, ngokwesibonelo, sisebenzisa i-Chromatography yegesi ethuthukisiwe ukuhlaziya imikhiqizo yethu. Samukela ukuhlolwa kwalowo nalowo kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhasimende ethu. Sikholelwa ekwakheni ukwethembana ngokusobala. Kufanele ukwazi ukubuza, "Ngikhombise ilebhu yakho, ngikhombise izinqubo zakho zokuhlola, ngikhombise izitifiketi zokuphatha ezisezingeni eliphakeme njenge-ISO 9001." Impendulo engabaza noma engacacile ifulege elikhulu elibomvu.

Ungesabi ukucela izinkomba. Khuluma namanye amakhasimende, ikakhulukazi labo abasesifundeni sakho noma embonini. Isipiliyoni sabo sokuqala sibalulekile. Lapho uxoxa ngezinto ezibonakalayo, buza ngezinyathelo ezithile abazithathayo ukuvikela ukungcoliswa ngesikhathi sokugcwalisa nokuhamba. Isibonelo, ama-cylinder anikezele amagesi athile, afana nethu I-hydrogen cylinder, vimbela ukungcola. Ekugcineni, ikhwalithi eqinisekise ivele mayelana nokukhuthala okufanele. Kudinga ukubambisana nomphakeli akubona hhayi nje njengokuthengiselana, kepha njengomlingani wesikhathi eside impumelelo yakhe iboshelwe kokwabo.

Ngabe i-ammonia ingaba yikusasa lamafutha ahlanzekile?

Enye yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezijabulisa kakhulu zesikhathi esizayo amoniya amandla alo njenge-zero-carbon amalahle. Umqondo awumusha, kepha uzuze inani elikhulu elikhulu ekucindezelweni kwe-Global DeCarbonatization. Nini amoniya isetshenziswa njenge amalahle, iqhuma ukukhiqiza kuphela nitrogen namanzi-cha I-Carbon Dioxide. Lokhu kwenza kube ngenye indlela ekhangayo ehlukile kumafutha e-fossil, ikakhulukazi emikhakheni enzima ukuyenza ngogesi, njengokuthumela kwasolwandle kanye nomkhakha onzima.

Inzuzo enkulu amoniya ine-a amalahle ubuningi bawo bamandla. Ngenkathi kungeyona nje amandla-aminyene njengophethiloli noma udizili, aminyene kakhulu kunokucindezelwa i-hydrogen, futhi ingagcinwa njengoketshezi ngokucindezela okulinganiselayo kanye nokushisa. Lokhu kwenza kube lula kakhulu futhi kushibhile ukugcina nokuhambisa ngamanani amakhulu. Ingqalasizinda Yomhlaba Wonke Yokukhiqiza, Ukugcina, Nokuthumela amoniya isivele ikhona, ngenxa yayo Sebenzisa kwezolimo. Singakwazi ukubekezelela le nethiwekhi ekhona yokwakha okusha amoniya-Based Energy Enernomy.

Kodwa-ke, izinselelo zikhona. Amoniya Kungaba nzima ukusula, futhi ukuhlangana kwawo kwesinye isikhathi kungakhiqiza ama-nitrogen oxides (nox), okungukungcola okuyingozi, yize ubuchwepheshe buthuthukiselwa ukunciphisa lokhu. Isithiyo esikhulu kunazo zonke siyakhuphuka Ukukhiqizwa KweGreen Ammonia ukuhlangana nesidingo esingahle sibe. Kepha kungenzeka ukuthi kunzima. I-Amonia yayingakwazi Yiba yindlela eyinhloko esigcina futhi ethule amandla avuselelekayo kusuka ezifundeni ezinelanga nezinomoya eziya ezikhungweni zabantu emhlabeni jikelele. Njengomkhiqizi wobabili amoniya kanye namagesi akhona, siphambi kwalesi singuquko esingahle sikwazi ukuhambisa i-hydrogen na- nitrogen edingeka ukunika amandla ikusasa elihlanzekile.

Yini okufanele uyibheke kumphakeli we-ammonia othembekile?

Ukuthola umphakeli ofanele kumayelana nokuningi kwentengo. Kumnikazi webhizinisi njengoMark, kumayelana nokuthola umlingani ongasusa amaphoyinti wezinhlungu njengezikhala zokuxhumana nokubambezeleka kokuthumela. Okokuqala nokubaluleke kakhulu, funa ubuchwepheshe. Ngabe umphakeli uyaziqonda izici zobuchwepheshe ze igesi, izinhlelo zayo, kanye nezidingo zokuphepha? Ummeleli wezentengiso onolwazi angaba insiza ebalulekile, kukusiza ukuxazulula izinkinga kunokuba uthathe i-oda nje. Njengoba u-Allen, ngiqinisekisa ukuthi iqembu lami aliqeqeshiwe hhayi nje ekuthengisweni, kodwa ezisekelweni ze igesi yezimboni Izicelo.

Okwesibili, hlola ukukhiqizwa kwabo kanye namakhono we-Logistics. Ifektri enemigqa eminingi yokukhiqiza, efana neyethu, ine-redundancy eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, ukunciphisa ubungozi bephuzu elilodwa lokwehluleka okwenza ukubambezeleka okubangela ukubambezeleka. Buza ngokuphathwa kwabo kokuhlinzekwa kwempahla. Baphatha kanjani ukuthunyelwa? Yiziphi izikhathi zazo ezijwayelekile zokuhola? Ingabe banokuhlangenwe nakho okuthumela ezweni lakho kanye nokuphatha amasiko? Umhlinzeki onerekhodi elifakazelwe lokulethwa kwesikhathi kwa-USA, eYurophu, noma e-Australia kukhombisa amakhono okudla angakunika ukuthula kwengqondo. Kufanele bakwazi ukunikeza hhayi nje amoniya, kepha uhla oluphelele lwemikhiqizo efana umoya ohlanzekile na- I-Carbon Dioxide.

Ekugcineni, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, funa ukuzibophezela ekubambisaneni. Lokhu kusho ukuxhumana okucacile, okusebenzayo. Uma kunokubambezeleka okungenzeka, kufanele ube ngowokuqala ukwazi, hhayi owokugcina. Kusho ukuhlinzeka ngokuqinisekiswa okuyiqiniso, okuqinisekisiwe kukho konke ukuthunyelwa. Kusho ukuthi kutholakale ukuphendula imibuzo futhi kusebenze ngezinselelo ndawonye. Umhlinzeki ofanele ngumuntu otshalile empumelelweni yakho ngoba bayazi ukuthi ukukhula kwakho ukukhula kwawo. Abakuthengi nje a igesi engenamibala esikhumbuzweni; Banikeza ingxenye ethembekile, esezingeni eliphakeme lempumelelo yebhizinisi lakho.

Ukuthathwa Key

Njengoba sihlole umhlaba we amoniya, kusukela kusisekelo sayo umuntu wenkuqunu amandla awo njengehlanzekile amalahle, Amaphuzu ambalwa ambalwa avelele kunoma yimuphi umthengi wezimboni:

• I-Amonia ibalulekile: Kuyisisekelo igesi yezimboni, Kubucayi kwezolimo, isiqandisi, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali. Ukubaluleka kwalo akunakweqiwa.
• Ikhwalithi ibaluleke kakhulu: Ubumsulwa be amoniya, ikakhulukazi anhydrous ammonia, kunomthelela ngqo ukuphepha nokuphumelela kwesicelo sayo. Njalo funa futhi uqinisekise isitifiketi sokuhlaziywa.
• Ukuphepha Okokuqala: Amoniya izinto eziyingozi. Umphakeli onokwethenjelwa kufanele akhombise ukuzibophezela okujulile ekuphatheni ngokuphephile, ukugcinwa, kanye nezinqubomgomo zokuhamba.
• Ikusasa liluhlaza: Umkhakha uqhubekela phambili Ukukhiqizwa kwe-ammonia. Ukubambisana nomhlinzeki ocabangayo ophambili kuqinisekisa ukuhlinzekwa kwakho kokuhlinzekwa kulungele ikusasa.
• Ukubambisana ngentengo: Umphakeli othembekile unikeza okungaphezu kwentengo yokuncintisana. Banikeza ubuchwepheshe, ukuxhumana okusobala, kanye nokwethenjwa kwezinto, ukuqeda ukubambezeleka okubizayo nobungozi.