Ezimweni eziphakeme zegumbi lokuhlinzela esibhedlela noma ewodini lezimo eziphuthumayo, izintambo zokuphila ezingabonakali zigijima ezindongeni futhi zime ngomumo emathangeni ensimbi. Lokhu akuzona nje izimpahla; ziyimikhiqizo yemithi esekela ukuphila. Kwabasebenzi bokuthengwa kwempahla kanye nabaphathi bezikhungo, ukuqonda ubunkimbinkimbi be igesi yezokwelapha akugcini nje ngokuphathelene nokusetshenziswa—kumayelana nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwesiguli kanye nobuqotho bokusebenza. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umoya-mpilo osiza ukuphefumula kwesiguli noma umoya wezokwelapha ukushayela amathuluzi okuhlinza, ikhwalithi nokuthembeka kwalawa magesi akuxoxiswana.

Lesi sihloko sinikeza umbono ophelele we igesi yezokwelapha imboni, eyenzelwe ochwepheshe abafuna ukwenza kahle. Sizohlola okubalulekile imikhiqizo yegesi yezokwelapha, eziqinile izindinganiso zegesi yezokwelapha ukugcinwa nokusabalalisa, kanye ne umkhuba omuhle kakhulu amaphrothokholi achazwe izinhlangano ezifana ne-NFPA. Ekupheleni kwalokhu kufundwa, uzoba nokuqonda okucacile kokuthi ungahlola kanjani izinhlelo zegesi yezokwelapha bese ukhetha ozakwethu abathembekile bakho Izikhungo zezempilo.

Yini Kahle Ehlanganisa Igesi Yezokwelapha Esimisweni Sokunakekelwa Kwezempilo?

A igesi yezokwelapha ichazwa ngokuthi ethize Uhlobo lwegesi ekhiqizwayo, epakishwayo, futhi ehloselwe ukulawulwa esigulini ukuze kubulawe izinzwa, ukwelapha, noma ukuxilongwa. Ngokungafani nejwayelekile igesi yezimboni, a igesi yezokwelapha kufanele ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile zokuhlanzeka kanye nezidingo zokulawula. E-United States nakwezinye izifunda eziningi, la magesi alawulwa njengezidakamizwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i- ukwenziwa kwamagesi ezokwelapha kudinga ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi Ukunikezwa kwegesi ayinakho ukungcola okungalimaza isiguli.

Ku-a ukulungiselelwa kwezempilo, la magesi asebenza njengengxenye ebalulekile ukunakekelwa kwesiguli. Babhekwa njenge idivayisi yezokwelapha noma umuthi kuye ngokuthi ziwusebenzisa kanjani. Umehluko ubalulekile ngoba uyala inqubo yesitifiketi sokwelashwa okuqokiwe imikhiqizo. Uma uthenga imikhiqizo yegesi yezokwelapha, uthenga isiqinisekiso sokuhlanzeka nokuvumelana. Noma yikuphi ukuhlinzekwa kwezokwelapha imikhiqizo kumele ize nochungechunge olucacile lokugcinwa kanye nezitifiketi zokuhlaziya (CoA) ukufakazela ukuthi ziyahlangabezana amagesi ebanga lemithi izindinganiso.

Imaphi Amagesi Ezokwelapha Asetshenziswa Kakhulu Ezibhedlela?

Kunobubanzi obuhlukahlukene amagesi ezokwelapha asetshenziswa kwezokwelapha zanamuhla, ngayinye inenhloso eyingqayizivele. Amagesi afana nomoya-mpilo yizona ezibonakala kakhulu, ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukuphefumula kanye nokusekela ukuphila. Nokho, uhlu amagesi abalulekile idlulela ngalé kwalokho. I-nitrous oxide, evame ukubizwa igesi ehlekayo, iwumgogodla wokwelapha wamazinyo nasekuhlinzweni ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zokudambisa izinhlungu nezibulala-zinhlungu.

Umoya wezokwelapha kungenye insiza ebalulekile. Ungumoya osemkhathini ohlanzekile, ocindezelwe osetshenziselwa ukuphefumula kwesiguli nokushayela imishini yezokwelapha njengama-ventilators. Bese kuba khona i-Carbon Dioxide, esetshenziselwa ukuhogela phakathi nokuhlinzwa okungavamisile, kanye neNitrojeni, evame ukusetshenziswa ewuketshezi lapho kuhlinzwa khona noma njengegesi ukuze kusetshenziswe amathuluzi okuhlinza omoya. I ukusetshenziswa kwamagesi ezokwelapha kuhlanganisa nezingxube ezikhethekile zokuhlola ukusebenza kwamaphaphu. Ukuqonda ukuthini Kusetshenziswa amagesi isiza ekuhleleni i indawo yokugcina na- uhlelo lokuhlinzeka ngegesi izidingo zeminyango eyahlukene.

I-Medical Gas System Iwasakaza Kanjani Amagesi Asindisa Ukuphila?

A uhlelo lwegesi yezokwelapha uhlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi esibhedlela. Yenzelwe ukuthi sabalalisa ezokwelashwa amagesi asuka emthonjeni ophakathi nendawo kuya endaweni eqondile ukunakekelwa kwesiguli, njengendawo yokuphuma eceleni kombhede noma indawo yokuhlinza. Lezi amapayipi amapayipi kumele iklanywe ukuze igcine ingcindezi nokugeleza njalo, iqinisekise lokho ukugeleza kwegesi yezokwelapha ayilokothi iphazamiseke phakathi nenqubo ebucayi.

Izakhiwo ze izinhlelo zamapayipi egesi yezokwelapha kuhilela ubunjiniyela obuyinkimbinkimbi. Kuhlanganisa okokusebenza komthombo (njengamathangi ayinqwaba noma izitshalo zokuminyanisa), inethiwekhi yamapayipi, amavalvu, ama-alamu, namayunithi wetheminali. Ukuthembeka kwezinhlelo zegesi yezokwelapha kubaluleke kakhulu. Uma a Ukunikezwa kwegesi ehluleka noma uma kukhona Ukuvuza kwegesi, imiphumela ingaba yingozi. Ngakho-ke, izikhungo zezempilo kumele tshala ezinhlelweni eziqinile ezihlanganisa izinto ezingasasetshenziswa kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuqapha obuthuthukisiwe ukuze kutholwe noma yikuphi ukwehla kwengcindezi noma ubumsulwa ngokushesha.

Kungani Amasilinda Egesi Engumgogodla Wokuhlinzekwa Kwegesi Yezokwelapha?

Nakuba izibhedlela ezinkulu zithembele kumapayipi, i isilinda igesi yezokwelapha ihlala iyingxenye ebalulekile ye ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ingqalasizinda. Ama-cylinders egesi ukunikeza ukuphatheka, okuvumela iziguli ukuba zithuthwe phakathi kwamawodi noma izibhedlela ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukwelashwa kwazo. A isilinda futhi ingumthombo oyinhloko wokusekelayo; uma ipayipi elikhulu lihluleka, i ama-cylinders egesi exhunywe ohlelweni oluningi lukhahlela ngokuzenzakalela ukuze kugcinwe ukunikezwa.

Sisinye isitsha segesi kufanele iqine futhi ilandeleke. Igesi yezokwelapha ecindezelwe igcinwa ngengcindezi ephezulu, okusho ubuqotho be- isilinda kuyinkinga enkulu yokuphepha. Ama-cylinders egesi ziza ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, kusukela emathangeni amancane aphathwayo e-aluminium ama-ambulensi kuya kumasilinda ensimbi amakhulu emakamelweni ahlukahlukene. Ukuphatha i-inventory yalezi zisilinda kuwumsebenzi obalulekile izinsiza zegesi yezokwelapha, edinga ukulandelwa okuqinile kwamasilinda aphelele aqhathaniswa angenalutho ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqhubeka ukuhlinzekwa kwamagesi ezokwelapha.

Imaphi Amaphrothokholi Abalulekile Wokuphatha Amasilinda Egesi Ngokuphepha?

Ukuphepha ngaphakathi Izikhungo zezempilo idlulela ekuphathweni ngokomzimba kwemishini. Imithethonqubo yokuphatha amasilinda egesi zenzelwe ukuvimbela izingozi zomzimba kanye Ukuvuza kwegesi. A isilinda igesi yezokwelapha ingaba i-projectile eyingozi uma i-valve ikhishwa. Ngakho-ke, umkhuba omuhle kakhulu ibeka ukuthi amasilinda kumele ahlale evikelwe endaweni yokubeka noma inqola, angalokothi ashiywe emile.

Abasebenzi kumele baqeqeshwe ukuthi bawafunda kanjani amalebula namakhodi ombala ama-cylinders egesi. Isibonelo, e-US, Okuluhlaza kubonisa i-Oxygen, kuyilapho uBlue ubonisa I-Nitrous oxide. Kuyadida amagesi ahlukene kungaba inhlekelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i- indawo yokugcina ingomane ama-cylinders egesi kumele kungene umoya kahle, kome, futhi kuvikeleke, kuhlukanise amasilinda agcwele kwangenalutho. Izikhungo zokunakekelwa kwempilo kumele ziphoqelele lezi Imikhuba Yokuphepha ngokuqinile ukuvikela kokubili iziguli kanye nokunakekelwa kwezempilo abasebenzi ezingozini ezihlobene ezokwelapha ezicindezelwe amagesi.

I-NFPA 99 Ikuchaza Kanjani Ukwenza Okungcono Kakhulu Kokuphepha Kwegesi Yezokwelapha?

Emhlabeni we ukuphepha kwegesi yezokwelapha, INFPA 99 iyindinganiso yegolide. Ikhodi Yezinsiza Zokunakekelwa Kwempilo Yenhlangano Yezokuvikela Umlilo Kazwelonke (NFPA 99) ichaza izidingo zegesi yezokwelapha kanye nezinhlelo ze-vacuum. Inikeza i imihlahlandlela yamagesi ezokwelapha mayelana nokufakwa, ukuhlolwa, ukuhlola, ukugcinwa, kanye nokusebenza. Kunoma yisiphi isikhungo ofuna ukusinakekela inqubo yesitifiketi sokwelashwa okuqokiwe amasistimu, ukunamathela INFPA 99 kuyimpoqo.

Le khodi ihlukanisa ubungozi futhi ichaza izinga lesistimu elidingekayo ngokusekelwe kuleyo ngozi. Ibeka yonke into kusukela kusayizi wamapayipi kuya endaweni yamavalvu ezindawo. INFPA 99 ukuhambisana kuqinisekisa ukuthi Amasistimu wegesi ziphephile ezigulini nakubasebenzi. Iphinde igunyaze ukuqinisekiswa okujwayelekile kanye nezitifiketi ngabahloli abaqeqeshiwe. Kumphakeli noma umphathi wesikhungo, ulwazi olujulile lwe INFPA 99 kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthobela nokugcina okuphakeme kakhulu amazinga okuphepha kanye nekhwalithi.

Yini Eqinisekisa Ukwethembeka Kwezinhlelo Zegesi Yezokwelapha Ekunakekelweni Okubalulekile?

Le khasi ukwethembeka kwezinhlelo zegesi yezokwelapha yakhelwe phezu kokuphelelwa umsebenzi kanye nokuqapha. Esimweni sokunakekelwa okubucayi, asikho "isikhathi sokuphumula." A uhlelo lwegesi yezokwelapha ngokuvamile isebenzisa ukunikezwa okuyisisekelo, ukunikezwa kwesibili, kanye nendawo ebekiwe. Uma ithangi le-oxygen eliwuketshezi liyancipha, isistimu ishintshela ebhange lesibili le ama-cylinders egesi.

-Isimanje Amasistimu wegesi afakwe amaphaneli e-alamu ayinkimbinkimbi. Lawa ma-alamu aqapha ukuhamba kwegesi, ingcindezi, namazinga okuhlanzeka ngesikhathi sangempela. Uma ingcindezi yehla noma uma ukungcola zitholiwe, i-alamu ixwayisa uchwepheshe wezempilo kanye nethimba lonjiniyela ngokushesha. Ukugcinwa kwegesi yezokwelapha imishini, okuhlanganisa ukuseviswa okuvamile kwama-compressor nama-manifolds, ibalulekile. Le ndlela esebenzayo iqinisekisa ukuthi Ukunikezwa kwegesi yezokwelapha ihlala ingaphazanyiswa, ivikela ukuphepha kwesiguli.

Ahluke Kanjani Amagesi Ebanga Lemithi Yezimboni?

Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi igesi yezokwelapha na- igesi yezimboni. Nakuba ifomula yamakhemikhali ingase ifane (isb., O2), i ukwenziwa kwamagesi ezokwelapha kuhilela izilawuli zekhwalithi eziqinile kakhulu. Kusetshenziswa amagesi ezokwelapha njengezidakamizwa; ngakho-ke, kufanele zikhiqizwe ezikhungweni ezihambisana ne-Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP). Igesi yezimboni ayidingi leli zinga lokuhlolisisa mayelana nokungcoliswa kwezinto eziphilayo noma ukulandelela ukungcola.

Nini amagesi akhiqizwa ingomane ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha, zonke izinyathelo zibhaliwe. I isitsha segesi kufanele inikezelwe ezinsizakalweni zezokwelapha ukuze kuvinjwe ukusuleleka okuphambene. Ukusebenzisa imboni isilinda ingomane igesi yezokwelapha kuwukwephulwa okukhulu kwezimiso zokuphepha. Amagesi asezingeni lezemithi bahlolwe ngokuqinile ukuthi bangobani, bahlolwe, kanye nokungcola ngaphambi kokuba bakhululwe. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi amagesi esigulini yikho kanye okunqunywe udokotela, ngaphandle kokungcola okuyingozi.

Yiziphi Izinkonzo Okufanele Umhlinzeki Wegesi Wezokwelapha Othembekile Ayinikeze?

Ukukhetha okulungile Umhlinzeki wegesi wezokwelapha ibaluleke njengegesi uqobo. Umhlinzeki wezinga eliphezulu wenza okungaphezu nje kokushiya ama-cylinders egesi. Banikeza olunzulu izinsiza zegesi yezokwelapha, okuhlanganisa ukubonisana kwesakhiwo sesistimu, ukuphathwa kwempahla, nokuhlolwa kokuphepha okuvamile. Kufanele basize Izikhungo zezempilo ekuzulazuleni kwendawo yokulawula eyinkimbinkimbi, kuhlanganisa INFPA 99 ukuhambisana nezidingo ze-FDA.

Umphakeli onokwethenjelwa uqinisekisa ukuthi kusenesikhathi ukulethwa kwamagesi ezokwelapha ukuvimbela ukushoda. Kufanele futhi banikeze ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi basesibhedlela mayelana ukuphatha okuphephile na- ukuphathwa kwamagesi ezokwelapha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele baqinisekise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wabo, banikeze igesi yezinga eliphezulu njenge I-Oxygen Yezokwelapha na- I-Nitrous oxide ngokulandeleka okugcwele. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwesibhedlela nomphakeli waso wubambiswano ukuphepha kwesiguli.

Izikhungo Zokunakekelwa Kwezempilo Zingakugcina Kanjani Ukuthobelana Namazinga Okuphepha?

Ukugcina amazinga okuphepha kanye nekhwalithi kuyinqubo eqhubekayo. Izikhungo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo kufanele ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwengozi njalo kanye nokucwaninga kwabo izinhlelo zegesi yezokwelapha. Lokhu kubandakanya ukuhlola Ukuvuza kwegesi, iqinisekisa ukusebenza kwe-alamu, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi konke ama-cylinders egesi zigcinwa ngendlela efanele ku- indawo yokugcina. Le khasi Ukuphathwa Kwezokuphepha Emsebenzini Nezempilo (OSHA) nezinye izindikimba nazo zinemininingwane ethile izidingo zezokwelapha ukugcinwa nokuphathwa kwegesi okufanele kuhlangatshezwane nayo.

Ukuqeqeshwa kuyisihluthulelo. Njalo uchwepheshe wezempilo oxhumana naye igesi yezokwelapha—kusuka kumhlengikazi elungisa imitha yokugeleza kwegazi ukuya kumphathi ohambisa a isilinda—idinga ukuqeqeshwa njalo. Kumele baqonde izakhiwo ze amagesi avuthayo, izingozi zomfutho ophezulu, kanye neziqondile amaphrothokholi okuphatha amasilinda egesi. Ngokugqugquzela isiko lokuphepha nokubambelela kulo imihlahlandlela yamagesi ezokwelapha, izikhungo zingaqinisekisa inhlalakahle yazo iziguli kanye nokunakekelwa kwezempilo abasebenzi.

Ukuthathwa Key

• Incazelo Ebucayi: Igesi yezokwelapha ilawulwa njengesidakamizwa/idivayisi, edinga ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu kanye nezilawuli eziqinile kune igesi yezimboni.
• Ingqalasizinda: A uhlelo lwegesi yezokwelapha ihlanganisa amapayipi amaphakathi ne ama-cylinders egesi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunikezwa okunganele futhi okuqhubekayo ukunakekelwa kwesiguli.
• Ukuphepha Okokuqala: Imithethonqubo yokuphatha amasilinda egesi zibalulekile; amasilinda kufanele avikelwe, alebulwe ngendlela efanele, futhi ahlukaniswe phakathi indawo yokugcina.
• Izinga Lokulawula: INFPA 99 usetha ibhentshimakhi umkhuba omuhle kakhulu ekufakweni nasekugcinweni kwe izinhlelo zamapayipi egesi yezokwelapha.
• Ukwethembeka Kwesistimu: Le khasi ukwethembeka kwezinhlelo zegesi yezokwelapha kuncike ekuphelelweni umsebenzi, ekuqaphelweni kwe-alamu ngesikhathi sangempela, kanye nokugcinwa kochwepheshe okuvamile.
• Ubambiswano lwabahlinzeki: A okwaziyo Umhlinzeki wegesi wezokwelapha inikeza hhayi nje Amagesi aphezulu amsulwa, kodwa futhi nokusekelwa kokuthobela, ukuqeqeshwa, nokwethenjelwa izinsiza zegesi yezokwelapha.