Ngabe i-carbon dioxide ingaguqulwa ibe ngugesi?
1. Ungayiguqula kanjani i-CO2 ibe uphethiloli?
Okokuqala, ukusebenzisa amandla elanga ukuguqula I-Carbon Dioxide namanzi kuphethiloli. Abaphenyi basebenzisa amandla elanga ukuze bahlukanise i-carbon dioxide namanzi ukukhiqiza amagesi anjenge-hydrogen, i-carbon monoxide noma i-methane, bese kusetshenzwa ukuze uziguqulele amakhemikhali. Ngale ndlela, ososayensi baphumelele ukuguqula i-carbon dioxide ibe yi-carbon monoxide, okudingeka ukusabela kwe-zviack (ZVIACK).
Okwesibili, ama-microbes asetshenziselwa ukuguqula ikhabhoni dioxide ibe yi-organic. Usebenzisa ama-microorganisms (kufaka phakathi ama-algae namagciwane, njll.) Ukwenza izithombe, ukuguqula amandla okukhanya ngokuqondile kumandla wamakhemikhali, bese uguqula i-carbon dioxide ibe yi-organic mache. Isibonelo, abacwaningi basebenzisa i-algae ukuguqula amandla elanga kanye nekhabhoni diokdide kumafutha namanye ama-biomass ukwenza izinto ezinjenge-biodiesel ne-biogasoline.
Ekugcineni, ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kusetshenziselwa ukuguqula i-carbon dioxide ibe ngophethiloli. Isibonelo, abacwaningi basebenzisa ukusabela kwe-thermochemical noma kwe-electrochemical ukuguqula i-carbon dioxide ibe yi-ammonia noma ezinye izinto ezingokwemvelo, ezingase zicutshungulwe zibe ngamakhemikhali angasetshenziswa njengophethiloli ongasetshenziswa njengophethiloli ongasetshenziswa njengophethiloli ongasetshenziswa njengophethiloli. Isibonelo, ukuncishiswa kwe-electrochemical kusetshenziselwa ukuguqula i-carbon dioxide ibe yi-acid ehlelekile noma izinto eziphilayo ezifana ne-formic acid, bese ziqhutshwa zingene kumafutha, njll.
2. I-CO2 ingaguqulwa kwezinye izinto?
Izinto ezingaxhumana nazo I-Carbon Dioxide Faka izitshalo, izilwane, ama-microorganisms kanye nokusabela okuthile kwamakhemikhali.
Izitshalo zingabaguquli ababaluleke kakhulu be-carbon dioxide. Baguqula i-carbon dioxide ibe yinto e-organic nge-photosynthesis, ngaleyo ndlela inikeze amandla adingekayo ngezinto eziphilayo. I-Photosynthesis inqubo lapho izitshalo zidonsa khona amanzi kanye nekhabhoni i-dioxide kusuka emandleni elanga, bese usebenzisa ama-athomu ekhabhoni kuwo ukuze enze ushukela kanye nezinye izinto eziphilayo, ngenkathi ekhulula umoya-mpilo. Lezi zindaba ze-organic zisetshenziswa yizitshalo njengezinto zokwakha ezingavuthiwe zokukhula kwazo nokuzala kwazo, futhi i-carbon dioxide iphinde yakhishwa yizitshalo, ngaleyo ndlela iphothulwa umjikelezo wekhabhoni dioxide.
Izilwane kanye nama-microorganisms nazo zingaguqula i-carbon dioxide ibe yi-oksijini nge-oxygen ngenqubo yokuphefumula, ikakhulukazi ezinye izinto zasolwandle, njll.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, okunye ukusabela kwamakhemikhali nakho kungaguqula i-carbon dioxide kwezinye izinto. Isibonelo, amalahle avuthayo angaguqula i-carbon dioxide ibe yi-sulfur dioxide namanzi, futhi i-calcium carbonate ingaguqula i-carbon dioioxide ibe yi-calcium carbonate, esetshenziselwa ukwenza izinto ezinjengezinsimbi kanye nosimende. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okunye ukusabela kwamakhemikhali nakho kungaguqula i-carbon dioxide ibe ama-hydrocarbons, njenge-methane, futhi uyisebenzise ngezinhloso ezahlukahlukene.
Ngamafuphi, izitshalo, izilwane, ama-microbes, futhi okunye ukusabela kwamakhemikhali konke kuyakwazi ukuguqula imvelo ngokuguqula i-carbon dioxide kwezinye izinto.
3. Singaguqula i-CO2 ibuyele kumalahle?
Ngomqondo, kungenzeka futhi.
Amalahle avelaphi? Kukhiqizwa izitshalo ezingcwatshwe emhlabathini. Into yekhabhoni ezitshalweni kwesinye isikhathi ivela ezitshalweni ezingena I-Carbon Dioxide Emoyeni futhi uwaguqula abe yinto e-organic nge-photosynthesis. Ngakho-ke, ngenani elifanayo lama-moles ama-athomu carbon, amandla e-carbon dioxide aphansi kunalokho kwamalahle. Ngakho-ke, ngokwemvelo, ukusabela kwamalahle avuthayo ukukhiqiza i-carbon dioxide kungaqhubeka ngokuzenzakalela lapho amandla okuqala (anjengenqubo yokuguqula i-carbon dioxide egcekeni izinto eziphilayo ayikwazi ukuqhubeka ngokuzenzakalelayo, futhi kufanele idlule ku-photosynthesis, futhi amandla avela elangeni.
Uma sikhuluma ngokucwengwa kobufazi, singalingisa i-Photosynthesis inqubo yokwakheka kwamalahle. Kodwa-ke, akukho nzuzo yezomnotho nhlobo.
4. I-CO2 ingaguqulwa ibe yigesi yemvelo?
Yebo, indlela yamakhemikhali idla amandla amaningi, ngakho-ke inzuzo ikufanele ukulahleka.
Ukutshala izihlahla, usebenzisa imvelo ukuguqula, kuthatha isikhathi eside, futhi kudinga imizamo yesikhathi eside yawo wonke umuntu, kanye nezinqubomgomo eziqinile, ezingaguquki, ezisebenzayo nezinqubomgomo ezisebenzayo zokwandisa izimila zomhlaba, zinganciphisi. Ngemuva kokuthi izimila zidla i-carbon dioxide, ngokunyakaza kokuqothuka komhlaba, kuphenduka uwoyela, njll. Njengezikhathi zasendulo.
Kukhona nohlobo lokusanhlamvu oludonsa i-carbon dioxide, futhi ngokuqondile lukhiqiza utshwala kanye ne-biogas kusuka okusanhlamvu notshani, okubuye kube yinguquko
5. Kwenzekani lapho i-carbon dioxide ne-hydrogen kuhlanganiswa?
I-Carbon Dioxide Futhi i-hydrogen ingaphendula ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo ehlukene ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukile zokuphendula:
1. I-Carbon Dioxide ne-hydrogen bayasabela ekushiseni okuphezulu ukuze bakha i-carbon monoxide namanzi;
2. I-Carbon dioxide ne-hydrogen yasabela ngaphansi kokushisa okuphezulu kanye nengcindezi ephezulu yokwenza i-methane namanzi. I-Methane iyinto elula kakhulu ye-organic kanye nengxenye eyinhloko yegesi yemvelo, i-biogas, i-pit gas, njll., Eyaziwa ngokuthi igesi;
3. I-Carbon dioxide ne-hydrogen iyasabela ekushiseni okuphezulu bese wengeza i-catalyst ruthenium-phosphine-chromium compound ukukhiqiza i-methanol, okuyinto elula kakhulu yotshwala ye-monohydric futhi iyinhlekelele elula futhi eshintshayo ngephunga lotshwala. Isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-formaldehyde kanye nama-pesticides, njll.
I-6. Ukuguqula i-carbon dioxide ibe yi-liquid fuels
Ochwepheshe bamakhemikhali base-Illinois baphumelele ukudala uphethiloli emanzini, isikhutha kanye nokukhanya okubonakalayo ngokusebenzisa izithombe zokufakelwa. Ngokuguqula i-carbon dioxide ibe ngama-molecule ayinkimbinkimbi afana ne-propane, ubuchwepheshe obuluhlaza obuluhlaza buye badlulela ngempumelelo ukuhlanganisa i-carbon dioxide ngokweqile kanye nesitolo samandla amakhemikhali ngesibalo sokukhanya kwelanga okuphansi kanye ne-peak energy.
Izitshalo zisebenzisa ukukhanya kwelanga ukuze zishayele ukusabela kwamanzi kanye nekhabhoni diokda ukukhiqiza i-glucose ephezulu yamandla ukugcina amandla elanga. Esifundweni esisha, abacwaningi bahlakulela ukusabela okwenziwe ngegolide ama-nanoparticles acebile asebenzisa i-catalyst ukuguqula i-carbon dioioxide kanye namanzi kuphethiloli usebenzisa ukukhanya okuluhlaza okotshani okusetshenziswa kwezithombe zemvelo. Lokhu okutholakele okusha kushicilelwe ejeni lezokuxhumana nge-Natural.
"Umgomo wethu ukukhiqiza ama-hydrocarbons ayinkimbinkingi, ancishile ama-hydrocarbons kusuka kwi-carbon dioxide ngokweqile kanye nemithombo yamandla esimeme njengamandla elanga," kusho uPrashant Jain, uProfesa wamakhemikhali kanye nomlobi we-Chemistry kanye nomlobi wokufunda. "Amafutha e-liquid alungile ngoba ayahambisana namafutha e-gaseous. Kulula, kuphephile futhi kwezomnotho ukuhambisa ama-molecule amade, okusho ukuthi bangamandla amaningi."
Kulebhu kaJain, iSungju yu, umcwaningi we-postdoctol kanye nomlobi wokuqala wokufunda, wasebenzisa i-catalyst yensimbi ukudonsa ukukhanya kwamakhemikhali kanye namaprotheni adingekayo ekuphendukelweni kwamakhemikhali kwekhabhoni dioxide namanzi, asebenza njenge-chlorophyll in Photoynthesis yemvelo.
Ama-nanoparticles egolide asebenza kahle njenge-catalysts ngoba ama-surfari abo asabela kalula ngama-molecule e-carbon dioxide, amunca ngempumelelo amandla okukhanya ngaphandle kokubhidliza njengezinsimbi ezithambekele ukugqwala, kusho uJain.
Kunezindlela eziningi zokukhipha amandla agcinwe kumakhemikhali wamakhemikhali ama-hydrocarbon fuels. Kodwa-ke, indlela elula nengokwesiko yokushisa izogcina ikhiqiza i-carbon dioxide eningi, ephikisana nomqondo wokuthwebula nokugcina amandla elanga kwasekuqaleni, kusho uJain.
"Kukhona ezinye izinhlelo ezingezona zendabuko ze-hydrocarbons zenziwe ngale ndlela," kusho yena. "Bangakhiqiza amanje kanye ne-voltage emangqamuzaneni kaphethiloli. Kunamalebula amaningi emhlabeni wonke asebenzela ukuthi angaphumelela kakhudlwana." Guqula amandla amakhemikhali kuma-hydrocarbons abe amandla kagesi. "
