Ngabe i-carbon dioxide ingaguqulwa ibe ngugesi?
1. Ungayiguqula kanjani i-CO2 ibe uphethiloli?
Okokuqala, ukusebenzisa amandla elanga ukuguqula I-Carbon Dioxide namanzi kuphethiloli. Abaphenyi basebenzisa amandla elanga ukuze bahlukanise i-carbon dioxide namanzi ukukhiqiza amagesi anjenge-hydrogen, i-carbon monoxide noma i-methane, bese kusetshenzwa ukuze uziguqulele amakhemikhali. Ngale ndlela, ososayensi baphumelele ukuguqula i-carbon dioxide ibe yi-carbon monoxide, okudingeka ukusabela kwe-zviack (ZVIACK).
Okwesibili, ama-microbes asetshenziselwa ukuguqula ikhabhoni dioxide ibe yi-organic. Usebenzisa ama-microorganisms (kufaka phakathi ama-algae namagciwane, njll.) Ukwenza izithombe, ukuguqula amandla okukhanya ngokuqondile kumandla wamakhemikhali, bese uguqula i-carbon dioxide ibe yi-organic mache. Isibonelo, abacwaningi basebenzisa i-algae ukuguqula amandla elanga kanye nekhabhoni diokdide kumafutha namanye ama-biomass ukwenza izinto ezinjenge-biodiesel ne-biogasoline.
Ekugcineni, ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kusetshenziselwa ukuguqula i-carbon dioxide ibe ngophethiloli. Isibonelo, abacwaningi basebenzisa ukusabela kwe-thermochemical noma kwe-electrochemical ukuguqula i-carbon dioxide ibe yi-ammonia noma ezinye izinto ezingokwemvelo, ezingase zicutshungulwe zibe ngamakhemikhali angasetshenziswa njengophethiloli ongasetshenziswa njengophethiloli ongasetshenziswa njengophethiloli ongasetshenziswa njengophethiloli. Isibonelo, ukuncishiswa kwe-electrochemical kusetshenziselwa ukuguqula i-carbon dioxide ibe yi-acid ehlelekile noma izinto eziphilayo ezifana ne-formic acid, bese ziqhutshwa zingene kumafutha, njll.
2. I-CO2 ingaguqulwa kwezinye izinto?
Izinto ezingaxhumana nazo I-Carbon Dioxide Faka izitshalo, izilwane, ama-microorganisms kanye nokusabela okuthile kwamakhemikhali.
Izitshalo ziyiziguquli ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-carbon dioxide. Baguqula i-carbon dioxide ibe izinto eziphilayo nge-photosynthesis, ngaleyo ndlela banikeze amandla adingwa izinto eziphilayo. I-photosynthesis inqubo lapho izitshalo zimunca amanzi ne-carbon dioxide emandleni elanga, bese zisebenzisa ama-athomu e-carbon akuzo ukuze zenze ushukela nezinye izinto eziphilayo, kuyilapho zikhipha umoya-mpilo. Lezi zinto eziphilayo zisetshenziswa izitshalo njengezinto ezingavuthiwe zokukhula nokuzala kwazo, futhi isikhutha siphinde sikhishwe izitshalo, ngaleyo ndlela kuqedele umjikelezo wesikhutha.
Izilwane kanye nama-microorganisms nazo zingaguqula i-carbon dioxide ibe yi-oksijini nge-oxygen ngenqubo yokuphefumula, ikakhulukazi ezinye izinto zasolwandle, njll.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, okunye ukusabela kwamakhemikhali nakho kungaguqula i-carbon dioxide kwezinye izinto. Isibonelo, amalahle avuthayo angaguqula i-carbon dioxide ibe yi-sulfur dioxide namanzi, futhi i-calcium carbonate ingaguqula i-carbon dioioxide ibe yi-calcium carbonate, esetshenziselwa ukwenza izinto ezinjengezinsimbi kanye nosimende. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okunye ukusabela kwamakhemikhali nakho kungaguqula i-carbon dioxide ibe ama-hydrocarbons, njenge-methane, futhi uyisebenzise ngezinhloso ezahlukahlukene.
Ngamafuphi, izitshalo, izilwane, ama-microbes, futhi okunye ukusabela kwamakhemikhali konke kuyakwazi ukuguqula imvelo ngokuguqula i-carbon dioxide kwezinye izinto.
3. Singaguqula i-CO2 ibuyele kumalahle?
Ngomqondo, kungenzeka futhi.
Amalahle avelaphi? Kukhiqizwa izitshalo ezingcwatshwe emhlabathini. Into yekhabhoni ezitshalweni kwesinye isikhathi ivela ezitshalweni ezingena I-Carbon Dioxide Emoyeni futhi uwaguqula abe yinto e-organic nge-photosynthesis. Ngakho-ke, ngenani elifanayo lama-moles ama-athomu carbon, amandla e-carbon dioxide aphansi kunalokho kwamalahle. Ngakho-ke, ngokwemvelo, ukusabela kwamalahle avuthayo ukukhiqiza i-carbon dioxide kungaqhubeka ngokuzenzakalela lapho amandla okuqala (anjengenqubo yokuguqula i-carbon dioxide egcekeni izinto eziphilayo ayikwazi ukuqhubeka ngokuzenzakalelayo, futhi kufanele idlule ku-photosynthesis, futhi amandla avela elangeni.
Uma sikhuluma ngokucwengwa kobufazi, singalingisa i-Photosynthesis inqubo yokwakheka kwamalahle. Kodwa-ke, akukho nzuzo yezomnotho nhlobo.
4. I-CO2 ingaguqulwa ibe yigesi yemvelo?
Yebo, indlela yamakhemikhali idla amandla amaningi, ngakho-ke inzuzo ikufanele ukulahleka.
Ukutshala izihlahla, usebenzisa imvelo ukuguqula, kuthatha isikhathi eside, futhi kudinga imizamo yesikhathi eside yawo wonke umuntu, kanye nezinqubomgomo ze-Z-F eziqinile, ezingaguquki, ezisebenzayo, nezisebenzayo zokwandisa izitshalo zomhlaba, zinganciphisi. Ngemva kokuba uhlaza ludle i-carbon dioxide, ngokuhamba koqweqwe lomhlaba, luphenduka uwoyela, njll njengasezikhathini zasendulo.
Kukhona nohlobo lokusanhlamvu oludonsa i-carbon dioxide, futhi ngokuqondile lukhiqiza utshwala kanye ne-biogas kusuka okusanhlamvu notshani, okubuye kube yinguquko
5. Kwenzekani lapho i-carbon dioxide ne-hydrogen kuhlanganiswa?
I-Carbon Dioxide Futhi i-hydrogen ingaphendula ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo ehlukene ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukile zokuphendula:
1. I-Carbon Dioxide ne-hydrogen bayasabela ekushiseni okuphezulu ukuze bakha i-carbon monoxide namanzi;
2. I-Carbon dioxide ne-hydrogen yasabela ngaphansi kokushisa okuphezulu kanye nengcindezi ephezulu yokwenza i-methane namanzi. I-Methane iyinto elula kakhulu ye-organic kanye nengxenye eyinhloko yegesi yemvelo, i-biogas, i-pit gas, njll., Eyaziwa ngokuthi igesi;
3. I-Carbon dioxide ne-hydrogen iyasabela ekushiseni okuphezulu bese wengeza i-catalyst ruthenium-phosphine-chromium compound ukukhiqiza i-methanol, okuyinto elula kakhulu yotshwala ye-monohydric futhi iyinhlekelele elula futhi eshintshayo ngephunga lotshwala. Isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-formaldehyde kanye nama-pesticides, njll.
I-6. Ukuguqula i-carbon dioxide ibe yi-liquid fuels
Ochwepheshe bamakhemikhali base-Illinois baphumelele ukudala uphethiloli emanzini, isikhutha kanye nokukhanya okubonakalayo ngokusebenzisa izithombe zokufakelwa. Ngokuguqula i-carbon dioxide ibe ngama-molecule ayinkimbinkimbi afana ne-propane, ubuchwepheshe obuluhlaza obuluhlaza buye badlulela ngempumelelo ukuhlanganisa i-carbon dioxide ngokweqile kanye nesitolo samandla amakhemikhali ngesibalo sokukhanya kwelanga okuphansi kanye ne-peak energy.
Izitshalo zisebenzisa ukukhanya kwelanga ukuze zishayele ukusabela kwamanzi kanye nekhabhoni diokda ukukhiqiza i-glucose ephezulu yamandla ukugcina amandla elanga. Esifundweni esisha, abacwaningi bahlakulela ukusabela okwenziwe ngegolide ama-nanoparticles acebile asebenzisa i-catalyst ukuguqula i-carbon dioioxide kanye namanzi kuphethiloli usebenzisa ukukhanya okuluhlaza okotshani okusetshenziswa kwezithombe zemvelo. Lokhu okutholakele okusha kushicilelwe ejeni lezokuxhumana nge-Natural.
"Inhloso yethu ukukhiqiza ama-hydrocarbon ayinkimbinkimbi, angamanzi avela ku-carbon dioxide ngokweqile kanye nemithombo yamandla esimeme njengamandla elanga," kusho uPrashant Jain, uprofesa we-chemistry kanye nombhali-co-author. “Izibaseli eziwuketshezi zifanelekile ngoba ziyahambisana nezibaseli zegesi. Alula, aphephile futhi ayonga kakhulu ukuwahambisa, futhi enziwe ngama-molecule amaketanga amade anamabhondi amaningi, okusho ukuthi aminyene kakhulu.”
Elebhu kaJain, u-Sungju Yu, umcwaningi we-postdoctoral kanye nombhali wokuqala wocwaningo, wasebenzisa i-catalyst yensimbi ukuze amunce ukukhanya okuluhlaza futhi ahambise ama-electron nama-proton adingekayo ukuze kusetshenziswe amakhemikhali e-carbon dioxide namanzi, esebenza njenge-chlorophyll ku-photosynthesis yemvelo.
Ama-nanoparticles egolide asebenza kahle njenge-catalysts ngoba ama-surfari abo asabela kalula ngama-molecule e-carbon dioxide, amunca ngempumelelo amandla okukhanya ngaphandle kokubhidliza njengezinsimbi ezithambekele ukugqwala, kusho uJain.
Kunezindlela eziningi zokukhipha amandla agcinwe kumakhemikhali wamakhemikhali ama-hydrocarbon fuels. Kodwa-ke, indlela elula nengokwesiko yokushisa izogcina ikhiqiza i-carbon dioxide eningi, ephikisana nomqondo wokuthwebula nokugcina amandla elanga kwasekuqaleni, kusho uJain.
"Kunezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingezona ezendabuko zama-hydrocarbon ezenziwe ngale ndlela," esho. "Angakwazi ukukhiqiza amandla amanje kanye ne-voltage ukuze anikeze amandla amaseli kaphethiloli. Maningi amalebhu emhlabeni wonke asebenza ngendlela yokuwenza asebenze kahle." guqula amandla amakhemikhali akuma-hydrocarbon abe amandla kagesi.”
