Karolo ea khase ea indasteri e bohlokoa, e matlafatsang tsohle ho Semiconductor Tlhahiso ho likopo tsa bongaka. Kutloisiso polokeho ea khase, haholo mabapi le Khase ea Tlhaho ea Tlhaho le ho sebetsana le likhase tse ikhethang, ke paramone bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea bobeli ea ts'ebetso le Ts'ireletso ea tikoloho. Sengoliloeng sena se tla hlahloba likarolo tse tebileng tsa mananeo a polokeho ea khase, ho tsamaisana le maemo (Epa), le ts'ebeliso ea boikarabello ba khase ea tlhaho le likhase tse ling tsa indasteri. Ke baletsi ba bohlokoa ho mang kapa mang ea kenang ka tlas'a khatello ea khase ea indasteri, ba tsoang ho beng ba feme ho ea litulong tsa khalemelo.

Hobaneng ha polokeho ea polokeho ea khase e le lefapheng la indasteri, haholo-holo khase ea tlhaho?

Khase polokeho ha se mokhoa o motlehali; Ke tlhokahalo ea mantlha ea mokhatlo oa indasteri. Likotsi tse ka bang teng tse amanang le tse fapaneng likhase, ho kenyelletsa le e sebelisoang haholo khase ea tlhaho, batla li-protocol tsa polokeho. Khase ea tlhaho, Le ha mohloli oa bohlokoa oa matla, o beha matla a tlohang le ho phatloha ha ho se sebelisoe hantle. Linaheng tse ling Semiconductor Tlhahiso, tšebeliso ea bohlokoa haholo likhase tse ikhethang e hloka mekhoa e metle ea polokeho ea polokeho ea polokeho. Ketsahalo e le 'ngoe e amanang le Leqhoa Leang e ka lebisa ho tahlehelo ea bohlokoa ea lichelete, likhohlano tsa ts'ebetso, le tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa, bophelo bo kotsing. Ka hona, ho theha le ho boloka chelete e ngata Lenaneo la polokeho ea Khase ke ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho netefatsa tikoloho e bolokehileng le e atlehang ea ho sebetsa. Rona, joalo ka fektheri e nang le mela e supileng ea tlhahiso, utloisisa likotsi tsena ka sepheo sena le tsona li etelletse pele polokelong e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea ts'ebetso ea rona.

Ho feta methapong ea polokeho ea kapele, letla le ikarabellang la khase hape e na le litšupiso tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa Ts'ireletso ea tikoloho. Ho lokolloa ha sa laoleheng khase ea tlhaho, haholo-holo e entsoe ka Methane, e nang le matla Thapelo ea Greenhouse, e kenya letsoho ho futhumala ha lefatše ka bophara. The Epa e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho laola ho ikatisa le ho netefatsa hore lik'hamphani li latela Melao ea polokeho ea polokeho Seo se fokotsa tšusumetso ea tikoloho. E loketseng Pholoso ea Khase le lisebelisoa tsa thepa li bohlokoa ho thibela e ile ea fetoha sepakapakeng ea lintho tse kotsi. Ho hlokomoloha polokeho ea khase e ka lebisa liphellong tse matla tsa tikoloho, ho senya lefatše le botumo ba k'hamphani.

Ho utloisisa likotsi: ke eng e etsang likhase tse etsang efc le likhase tse ikhethang tse kotsi?

E fapaneng likhase likotsi tse ikhethang tse ikhethang. Khase ea EFC (Boemo bo pharalletseng) le ba bangata likhase tse ikhethang e sebelisoang liiesndasteri joalo ka Semiconductor Tlhahiso E ka ba ho ba tuma, ho na le chefo, lijalo, lijalo, kapa ke motsoako oa tsona. Ba bona Boikokobetso e etsa hore e se e le bohlokoa lits'ebetsong tse itseng empa ho boetse ho hloka taolo e hlokolosi. Mohlala, tse ling likhase li pyrophoric, ho bolelang hore li ka qholotsa ka boithatelo moeeng. Ba bang e ka ba chefo haholo, leha e le mahlomoleng a manyane, e beha bophelo bo botle ba motho kotsing. Utloisisa tse ikhethang kotsi e amanang le e mong le e mong khase ke mohato oa pele oa ho kenya tšebetsong mehato e sebetsang ea polokeho.

Ntle le moo, thepa ea nama ea likhase e boetse e tlatsetsa linthong tse ka bang teng. Li-cylinders tse hatisitsoeng tšoara likhase Tlas'a khatello e phahameng, e ka bang kotsi ea projectile haeba e se e utloisisoa kapa haeba silindar hoa hloleha. CryOgenic metsi likhase, joalo ka metsi Nitrogen kapa metsi Oksijene, hlahisa kotsi ea ho tumela mafu a leoatle le asphyxiation ka lebaka la ho fallisoa ke oksijene. Ka hona, li-protocol tsa polokeho li lokela ho sebetsana le likotsi tsa lik'hemik'hale le tsa 'mele tse amanang le mofuta o mong le o mong oa khase. Hona ho kenyelletsa ho ngolla ka nepo, ho tsamaisa letsoho lisebelisoa tsa lisebelisoa tse loketseng tsa tšireletso (PPE).

Ho Tsamaisa Lits'ebetso tsa Lekala le litekanyetso tsa ho sebetsana le khase: Seo u hlokang ho se tseba ke eng?

Ho latela Epa Melawana le ho latela Melao ea indasteri ha e khone ho qobella k'hamphani efe kapa efe e amehang ka liindasteri likhase. The Setsi sa Ts'ireletso ea Tikoloho beha litataiso ho fokotsa Tšilafalo ea Moea le tokollo ea lintho tse kotsi, ho kenyelletsa Emaeli ea Thapelo ea Greenhouse ho tloha Liliba tsa khase ea tlhaho mme Lits'ebeletso tsa Khase. Melao ena e koahela likarolo tse fapaneng, ho tsoa ho moralo le ts'ebetsong ea Litsamaiso tsa Phepelo mme Lipapali tsa Tsamaiso ea Lipapali Merero ea karabelo ea maemo a tšohanyetso haeba ho na le Leqhoa Leang. Kutloisiso le ho kenya tšebetsong melaoana ena ke ea bohlokoa ho qoba ho heletsa le liphetho tsa molao.

Ntle le Epa, tse fapaneng Mokhatlo oa Khase Lingoliloeng le Melao ea indasteri, joalo ka ba tsoang mekhatlo e kang Mokhatlo oa Tšireletso oa Morgia (Nfpa) le tsamaiso ea mosebetsi le ts'ebetso ea bophelo bo botle (Oha), fana ka tataiso e qaqileng mabapi le ho sebetsana le polokeho e bolokehileng, le ho boloka le ho tsamaisa tsa likhase. Maemo ana hangata a bontša litlhokahalo tse ikhethang bakeng sa Valve Mefuta, Pipeline Bothata, le lits'ebetso tsa tšohanyetso tsa ho koala. Ho fihlella le ho utloisisa ho loketseng PDF Litokomane le ho lula li ntlafalitsoe melaong ea morao-rao le Melao ea indasteri li bohlokoa bakeng sa ho boloka ts'ebetso e bolokehileng le e lumellanang le e lumellanang. Bakeng sa limaraka tsa rona tsa kantle ho naha ho usa, amerika e leboea, le Europe, re netefatsa mekhoa ea rona e kopana kapa e feta litlhoko tsena tse matla.

Ho kenya tšebetsong lenaneo la polokeho ea khase ea mafura a matla: Likarolo tsa mantlha ke life?

E felletseng Lenaneo la polokeho ea Khase ke lejoe la sekhobi sa ho thibela liketsahalo ebe o netefatsa boiketlo ba basebetsi le tikoloho. Likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa lenaneo le joalo li kenyelletsa:

• Tlhahlobo e nepahetseng ea Hazard: Ho Khetholla bokhoni bohle khase Likotsi ka hare ho setsi, ho kenyeletsoa thepa ea likhase, lintlha tse tsoang hohle, le likotsi tse pepesetsoang.
• Ts'ebetso e Sireletsehileng ea Ts'ebetso (Sops): Ho hlaolela mekhoa e hlakileng le e khopanye bakeng sa mesebetsi eohle e amanang le likhase, ho tsoa ho ho amohela le ho boloka li-cylinders tse hatisitsoeng Ho sebetsa Lisebelisoa le Litšebeletso hape e araba ka maemo a tšohanyetso.
• Koetliso ea mohiruoa: Ho fana ka koetliso e felletseng ho basebetsi bohle ba sebetsang le kapa ho potoloha likhase. Koetliso ena e lokela ho koahela thepa ea likhase, likotsi tse teng, mekhoa e meng e sireletsehileng ea matsoho, lipelaelo tsa karabelo ea maemo, tsa karabelo ea maemo a tšohanyetso le tšebeliso e nepahetseng ea ppe.
• Tlhahlobo e tloaelehileng le tlhokomelo: Ho kenya letsoho kemiso ea tlhahlobo ea kamehla ea khase Libaka tsa polokelo, lipeipi, li-valves, le Sistimi ea ho lemoha. Tlhokomelo ea thibelo ea bohlokoa ke ea bohlokoa ho khetholla le ho sebetsana le litaba tse ka bang teng pele li nyoloha.
• Morero oa nalane ea tšohanyetso: Ho hlaolela moralo o qaqileng oa ho araba mafura a khase, lithunya, kapa maemo a mang a tšohanyetso. Morero ona o lokela ho kenyelletsa lits'ebetso tsa pholoso, tlhaiso-leseling ea ho ikopanya le lits'ebeletso tsa tšohanyetso le lits'ebetso bakeng sa ho kuta lifuba le ho fokotsa likotsi.
• Litsamaiso tsa tumello ea ho fumana mosebetsi: Bakeng sa mesebetsi e kotsing e kholo e kenyelletsang likhase, kenya ts'ebetso ea tumello ea tumello ho netefatsa hore litlhoka tsohle tse hlokahalang pele ho mosebetsi o qala.
• Ketsahalo ea ho tlaleha le ho etsa lipatlisiso: Ho theha sistimi ea ho tlaleha le ho etsa lipatlisiso tsohle khaseSebaka se kopantsoeng, ho sa tsotelehe. Sena se lumella ho khetholla ha lisosa tsa metso le ts'ebetsong ea liketso tsa khalemelo ho thibela liketsahalo tsa nako tsa kamoso.

Likarolo tsena li sebetsa 'moho ho theha setso sa polokeho ea khase Hohle ka har'a mokhatlo.

Lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele le mahlale a ntlafatsang lebese le ho thibela ho oela ha khase ea tlhaho?

Tsoelo-pele ho Lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele mme mahlale a bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ea ho ntlafatsa polokeho ea khase le ho thibela Khase ea Tlhaho ea Tlhaho. Bakeng sa lipeipi, nts'etsopele ea li-corroon-li-assnion tse thibelang le ho fetisa mekhoa e tsoetseng pele e fokotsa kotsi ea ho tsoaloa ka lebaka la Corsuise. Bohlale Pipeline Litsamaiso tse nang le li-sensors li ka romella khatello, mocheso le phalle, ho lumella kapele Sistimi ea ho lemoha ea liamomalies tse ka bonts'ang ho chesehela.

E nchafetse Litsamaiso tsa Ho Fumana Khase, ho kenyelletsa libaka tse bonoang tse nkehang le li-sensor tse tsitsitseng, li ka supa esita le ho tsepamisa maikutlo a mmele oa likhase, lijana tse tsosang takatso le tsona tse khahlisang karabelo e potlakileng. Mahlale a ho beha leihlo la ho beha leihlo ho lumella basebetsi hore ba okamele Lits'ebeletso tsa Khase mme libaka tsa marang-rang ho tloha sebakeng se bohareng, ho ntlafatsa linako tsa karabelo haeba maemo a tšohanyetso a e-ba teng. Ho feta moo, tšebeliso ea li-drones tse nang le lik'hamera tsa infrared li ka patela libaka tse kholo bakeng sa mafura a khase, e leng ntho e bohlokoa haholo ho beha lintho tse ngata khase ea tlhaho lits'ebetso tsa lits'ebeletso. Ho tsetela tsena Mahlale a tsoetseng pele ha e bue feela ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso; Ke boitlamo ba ho ntlafatsa polokeho ea khase mme Ts'ireletso ea tikoloho.

Karolo ea Bohloeki ka likhase tsa indasteri: Hobaneng e le taba ea sehlahisoa sa semiconductor?

The bohloeki ea indasteri likhase ke ntho e bohlokoa, haholo-holo indasteri joalo ka Semiconductor Tlhahiso. Tšimong ena, le ho feta tekano ea e litšila likhase e ka ba le litlamorao tse mpe ho lesela Tsamaisa, e lebisang ho likopi le ho fokotsa lihlahisoa. Empty ea elektroniki e phahameng likhase tse ikhethang li bohlokoa bakeng sa mehato e fapaneng ho Semiconductor Tlhahiso, ho kopanyelletsa le ho tloha, deposiinisition le ho bolaea. Stritante bohloeki Litlhokahalo tsa likhase Boemong bona ba indastering ena bo hlokoma tlhoekiso mekhoa le mekhoa ea taolo ea boleng bo boima.

Ho boloka bohloeki le botshepehi tsa likhase Ho theosa le ketane ea phephe-phephela le hona hoa bohlokoa. Sena se kenyelletsa ho sebelisa tse loketseng li-cylinders tse hatisitsoeng mme tanka Lisebelisoa tsa ho thibela tšilafalo, hammoho le ho kenya ts'ebetsong lits'ebetso tse thata ho qoba ho hlahisoa ha litšila. Mekhoa ea tlhaiso ea litaba e sebelisetsoa ho Sekaseka The bohloeki tsa likhase Maemong a fapaneng ho netefatsa hore li kopana le litlhaloso tse hlokahalang. Bakeng sa lits'ebetso tseo u tlamehang ho li etsa bohloeki hoa hlokahala, ho sebetsa ka mokhoa o ikhethang le lits'ebetso tsa ho sebetsana le ho li sebelisa ho boloka khaseTšepatso ea 'stal ho fihlela e sebelisoa. Boinehelo ba rona ho bohloeki ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea indasteri ea rona likhase, e netefatsa khotsofalo ea bareki le ts'ebetso e nepahetseng mabapi le lits'ebetso tse batlang.

Litloaelo tse ntle ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa ho sebetsana le lifensetere tse sireletsehileng tsa li-cylinders tsa khase le likhase tse metsi?

Ho sebetsana le ho sebetsana le ho boloka le ho boloka li-cylinders tsa khase mme metsi likhase li bohlokoa ho thibela likotsi ebe u netefatsa polokeho ea mosebetsi. Mekhoa e metle e kenyeletsa:

• Ho Tseba Ho Loile le Labeding: Netefatsa bohle li-cylinders li ngotsoe ka mokhoa o hlakileng ka lebitso la khase le litemoso life kapa life tse loketseng.
• Polokelo e sireletsehileng: Ho boloka li-cylinders Libakeng tse nang le moea o futhumetseng hantle, hole le mehloli ea mocheso le sehlahlo ebe li ba hlomalletsa ho thibela ho o hlapaola kapa ho oa.
• Tšireletso ea Valve: Ho boloka silindar li-valves koala le ho sireletsoa ka li-cap tsa valve ha li sebelisoa.
• Lipaleng tse Saketseng: U sebelisa li-cork tse loketseng le lithibelo ha li tsamaea li-cylinders. Le ka mohla u se ke ua ba hula kapa ba li hula.
• Ho sebetsana le likhase tse nepahetseng tsa metsi: Ho roala liatlana tse loketseng tsa li-crykonic tse nepahetseng ha u e-na le ts'ireletso ha u sebetsana metsi likhase ho thibela ho chesoa ke serame. Ho netefatsa moea o lekaneng o lekaneng ho thibela asphyxiation.
• Liteko tsa Kamehla: Lekola li-cylinders Bakeng sa ho senya, li tsoa, ​​le ho ba le seaparo pele ho tšebeliso.
• Khethollo ea likhase tse sa lumellaneng: Ho boloka ho sa lumellane likhase ka thoko ho thibela karabelo e kotsi haeba ho na le ho qhekelloa.
• Ho latela melao ea polokelo ea polokeho ea polokeho (SDS): Ho sheba li-SDs tsa SDS bakeng sa litaelo tse ikhethang tsa polokelo bakeng sa e mong le e mong khase.

Ho latela mekhoa ena ho fokotsa kotsi ea likotsi tse amanang le li-cylinders tse hatisitsoeng mme CryOgenic lino tse bolaeang.

Ho sebetsana le khase ea tlhaho ho tsoa butle: Ho fumanoa, karabelo le thibelo ka 2022 le ho feta.

Ho sebetsana ka katleho Khase ea Tlhaho ea Tlhaho e hloka mokhoa o fapaneng oa mokhoa o fapaneng Ho lemoha, potlakela Karabo, le ho ba matla Thibelo maano. Joalokaha ho boletsoe pejana, o ile a tsoa pele Sistimi ea ho lemoha li bohlokoa bakeng sa ho tsebahatsa ka potlako. Litsamaiso tsena li tsoa ho li-handheld li-handheld li sebelisoa ke litsebi tsa marang-rang tsa sensor tsa sentso tse tsoelang pele Pipeline Ho tšepahala.

Hang ha a Khase ea Khase ea Tlhaho ea fumanoa, leano le hlalositsoeng hantle la karabelo e bohlokoa. Morero ona o lokela ho netefatsa lits'ebetso tsa ho cheseha, ho baleha sebakeng seo haeba ho hlokahala, le ho ikopanya le balaoli ba amehang. Ketso e potlakileng le e matla e ka fokotsa menyetla ea ho phatloha kapa sephetho se seng se kotsi.

Ho thibela Khase ea Tlhaho ea Tlhaho Qalong ea pele e pateloa. Sena se kenyelletsa mananeo a maholo a tlhokomelo ea lintho tse tsitsitseng bakeng sa Liliba tsa khase, lipeipi, le Lits'ebeletso tsa Khase, ho kopanyelletsa le tlhahlobo ea kamehla bakeng sa Corsuise mme o apare. Ho Etsa Bohlokoa Haholo Tsamaiso ea Tšireletseho litsamaiso le ho latela likhoele Melao ea polokeho ea polokeho Hape ke mehato e bohloko e bakang thibelo ea thibelo. Sepheo se lokela ho ba mokhoa o tiileng oa ho supa le ho fokotsa mehloli e ka ba teng pele e fetoha bothata. The Khase ea Khase ea Tlhaho ho 2022 e bile khopotso e matla ea bohlokoa ba maano ana a felletseng.

Khafetsa lipotso tse botsoang khafetsa ka polokeho ea khase, tšireletso ea tikoloho le taolo ea taolo.

Q: Mathata a mantlha a amanang le likhase tsa indasteri?
A: Liindasteri likhase e ka ba ho tukala, chefo, selikalikoe, ankphyxating, kapa ho beha kotsi ka lebaka la khatello e phahameng kapa CryOgenic lithemparetjha.

Q: Nka etsa bonnete ba bohloeki ba likhase tse ikhethang tseo ke li rekang?
A: Sebetsa ka botumo Barekisi ea fanang ka setifikeiti sa tlhahlobo ebile a latela ho thata Iso litekanyetso tsa tlhoekiso le taolo ea boleng.

Q: Ts'ireletso ea 'mele ea' mele e laoloang ke litheko tsa hau ho U.S.?
A: the Epa, Oha, le Nfpa ke 'mele ea bohlokoa ea ho fana ka Tlhahisoleseling mabapi le polokeho ea khase mme Ts'ireletso ea tikoloho.

Q: Ke lokela ho etsa eng haeba ke thelse leak ea khase?
A: Tšela sebaka hang-hang, tlosa mehloli efe kapa efe ea ho hlahlojoa, 'me u ikopanye le lits'ebeletso tsa tšohanyetso tsa tšohanyetso. Latela moralo oa k'hamphani ea hau ea tšohanyetso.

Q: Khamphani ea rona e ka fokotsa joang ho tsoa ha eona khase ea khase ea sethopo e amanang le khase ea tlhaho?
A: Ho kenya tšebetsong Pholoso ea Khase Litsamaiso, fokotsa ho itšehla thajana, 'me u tsetela ho Matla a ho nchafatsa mehloli e ka khonehang. Lekola khafetsa le ho boloka lisebelisoa ho li thibela Methane e ntshen.

Q: Nka fumana leseli le eketsehileng ka melao ea polokeho ea khase?
A: U ka fumana e qaqileng Tlhahisoleseling mabapi le melaoana ea Epa webosaete le liwebosaete tsa Mokhatlo oa Khases.

Ka bokamoso: Karolo ea matla a ntlafatsoeng le mekhoa e tsitsitseng indastering ea khase.

Le ha ba indasteri likhase lula u le bohlokoa bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse ngata, bokamoso ba Indasteri ea khase e hlophisitsoe haholoanyane le Matla a ho nchafatsa le mekhoa e tsitsitseng. Phetoho e tona ea litlhophiso e hloekisang e ntse e tsoela pele ho nchafatsa likarolo tse kang tlhahiso ea hydrogen le nts'etsopele ea motsoako oa khase e nyenyefatsang Emaeli ea Thapelo ea Greenhouse. Pholoso ea Khase mme ho nchafatsa Mahlale a ntse a tsoela pele haholoanyane, a lumella ho ts'oaroa le ho sebelisa hape ha ho le bohlokoa likhase, fokotsa litšila le tikoloho ea tikoloho.

Tsepamiso Ts'ireletso ea tikoloho e boetse e sututsa indasteri ho lebisa ho mekhoa ea tlhahiso e sebetsang hantle le ho amohela maemo a phahameng haholo Mahlale a ho fokotsa Tšilafalo ea Moea. E le morekisi ea etellang pele, re ikemiselitse ho sheba le ho kenya tšebetsong mekhoa e tsitsitseng ho fihlela lits'ebetsong tsa rona, ho tsoa mela e sebetsang ea ts'ebetso ho ba maemong a senyang a litšila. Khokahano ea Matla a ho nchafatsa mehloli le boitlamo ba ho boloka botsofali e tla ba bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea nako e telele le boikarabello ba tikoloho ea indasteri ea khase **.

• Tsoela pele hantle polokeho ha u ntse u sebetsana le likhase tsa indasteri.
• Utloisisa likotsi tse khethehileng tse amanang le khase e 'ngoe le e' ngoe.
• Khomarela melao ea epa le litekanyetso tsa indasteri.
• Kenya tšebetsong lenaneo la polokeho ea khase e felletseng ka koetliso le koetliso le tlhahlobo.
• Tsetela ho theknoloji e tsoetseng pele bakeng sa ho itlosa bolutu le thibelo.
• Etsa bonnete ba hore bohloeki ba likhase, haholo bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse kholo tse kang semiconductor
• Tshithatsa mekhoa e tsitsitseng 'me u hlahlobe mekhoa e ncha ea motlakase.

(Lihokela tsa kahare)

Bakeng sa tlhaiso-leseling ka mefuta e khethehileng ea khase, bona maqephe a rona ka Argon mme Nitrogen. Re boetse re fana ka mefuta e fapaneng ea Motsoako oa khase e etselitsoe litlhoko tsa hau tse khethehileng. Ithute haholoanyane ka boitlamo ba rona ba boleng le rona Makhalo a Bochabela a Purek e Bonolo.

Ka kopo ikopanye le rona Haeba u na le lipotso kapa u hloka tse ling Tlhahisoleseling mabapi le Rona likhase le eona Rona Lisebelisoa le Litšebeletso. Re mona ho khotsofatsa indasteri ea hau khase hloka ka bohloeki le botshepehi.