Chifukwa chiyani nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu cryopreservation?
1. N'chifukwa chiyani muzigwiritsa ntchito nayitrojeni wamadzimadzi ngati firiji?
1. Chifukwa kutentha kwa madzi nayitrogeni palokha ndi yotsika kwambiri, koma chikhalidwe chake ndi chochepa kwambiri, ndipo n'zovuta kuti nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi agwirizane ndi mankhwala, choncho amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati firiji.
2. Nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi amauma kuti amwe kutentha, kuchepetsa kutentha, ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati firiji.
3. Nthawi zambiri, ammonia amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati firiji komanso madzi otsekemera.
4. The ammonia mpweya utakhazikika ndi condenser kukhala madzi ammonia, ndiyeno ammonia madzi amalowa nthunzi nthunzi nthunzi, ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimatenga kutentha kuchokera kunja kukwaniritsa cholinga refrigeration, motero kupanga mosalekeza mayamwidwe mayamwidwe firiji mkombero.
5. Nayitrojeni ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati firiji mu "cryogenic" mikhalidwe, ndiko kuti, pafupi kwambiri ndi madigiri 0 (-273.15 madigiri Celsius), ndipo kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'ma laboratories kuti aphunzire superconductivity.
6. Mankhwala, nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati firiji kuti agwire ntchito pansi pa cryanesthesia.
7. M'munda wapamwamba kwambiri, nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga malo otsika kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, zida zina zopangira ma superconducting zimangopeza katundu wapamwamba kwambiri pa kutentha kochepa pambuyo pothandizidwa ndi nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi.
8. Kutentha kwa mpweya wa nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi ndi -196 madigiri, omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati gwero lozizira kwambiri. Kutsika kwa kutentha kwa matayala, kusungirako majini m'zipatala, ndi zina zotero zonse zimagwiritsa ntchito nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi ngati gwero lozizira.
2. Kodi nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi amateteza bwanji maselo?
Njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakusunga ma cell ndi yamadzimadzi nayitrogeni cryopreservation, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito njira yoziziritsa pang'onopang'ono yokhala ndi kuchuluka koyenera kwa chitetezo kuti amaundane maselo.
Zindikirani: Ngati ma cell amaundana mwachindunji popanda kuwonjezera chinthu chilichonse choteteza, madzi mkati ndi kunja kwa ma cell amatha kupanga masinthidwe a ayezi, zomwe zingayambitse zovuta zingapo. Mwachitsanzo, kutaya madzi m'thupi kwa ma cell kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa ma electrolyte am'deralo, kumasintha mtengo wa pH, ndikuchotsa mapuloteni ena chifukwa chazifukwa zomwe zili pamwambazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mawonekedwe amkati a cell asokonezeke. Zimayambitsa kuwonongeka, kutupa kwa mitochondrial, kutayika kwa ntchito, ndi kusokonezeka kwa metabolism yamphamvu. The lipoprotein zovuta pa nembanemba selo nawonso mosavuta kuwonongedwa, kuchititsa kusintha permeability wa nembanemba selo ndi kutayika kwa selo zili. Ngati makhiristo ochuluka a ayezi amapangidwa m'maselo, pamene kutentha kwachisanu kumachepa, kuchuluka kwa madzi oundana kumawonjezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kosasinthika kwa kasinthidwe ka DNA ya nyukiliya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maselo afa.
Kutentha kobisika komanso kwanzeru komwe kumatengedwa ndi chakudya chamadzimadzi cha nayitrogeni pokhudzana ndi chakudya kumapangitsa kuti chakudyacho chizizizira. Nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi amatulutsidwa m'chidebecho, mwadzidzidzi amasintha kutentha ndi kupanikizika, ndikusintha kuchoka kumadzi kupita ku mpweya. Munthawi ya kusintha kwa gawoli, nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi amawira ndikusintha nthunzi pa -195.8 ℃ kukhala mpweya wa nayitrogeni, ndipo kutentha kobisika kwa nthunzi ndi 199 kJ/kg; ngati -195.8 Kutentha kumakwera kufika -20 ° C pansi pa nayitrogeni pamphamvu ya mumlengalenga, imatha kuyamwa 183.89 kJ/kg ya kutentha koyenera (kutentha kwapadera kumawerengeredwa ngati 1.05 kJ/(kg?K)), komwe kumatengedwa ndi kutentha kwa vaporization ndi kutentha kwanzeru komwe kumatengedwa panthawi yakusintha kwa gawo la nayitrogeni. Kutentha kumatha kufika 383 kJ/kg.
M'kati mwa kuzizira kwa chakudya, chifukwa kutentha kwakukulu kumachotsedwa nthawi yomweyo, kutentha kwa chakudya kumazizira mofulumira kuchokera kunja kupita mkati kuti kuzizira. Ukadaulo wozizira wa nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi umagwiritsa ntchito nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi ngati gwero lozizira, lomwe siliwononga chilengedwe. Poyerekeza ndi firiji yachikhalidwe yamakina, imatha kutsika kutentha komanso kuzizira kwambiri. Ukadaulo wozizira wa nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi uli ndi liwiro lozizira kwambiri, kwakanthawi kochepa, ndipo Chakudyacho ndichabwino, chitetezo chambiri komanso chosaipitsa.
Ukadaulo wozizira wa nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi wagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pozizira mwachangu zinthu zam'madzi monga shrimp, whitebait, biological crab, ndi abalone. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti shrimp yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ukadaulo wamadzimadzi wozizira wa nayitrogeni imatha kukhala mwatsopano, mtundu komanso kukoma. Osati zokhazo, mabakiteriya ena amathanso kuphedwa kapena kusiya kuberekana pa kutentha kochepa kuti akwaniritse ukhondo wapamwamba Amafuna.
Cryopreservation: Nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi angagwiritsidwe ntchito posungiramo zitsanzo zosiyanasiyana zamoyo, monga maselo, minofu, seramu, umuna, ndi zina zotero. Zitsanzozi zikhoza kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali pa kutentha kochepa ndikubwezeretsedwa ku chikhalidwe chawo choyambirira. Liquid nitrogen cryopreservation ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri posungira, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pofufuza zamoyo, ulimi, kuweta nyama ndi zina.
Chikhalidwe cha ma cell: Nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pa chikhalidwe cha ma cell. Pa chikhalidwe cha ma cell, nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusunga ma cell kuti ayesedwe. Nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuundana ma cell kuti asunge kuthekera kwawo komanso momwe chilengedwe chimakhalira.
Kusungirako ma cell: Kutsika kwa kutentha kwa nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi kumatha kusungitsa bata ndi kukhulupirika kwa ma cell, ndikuletsa kukalamba kwa maselo ndi kufa. Choncho, nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri posungira ma cell. Maselo osungidwa mu nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi amatha kubwezeredwa mwachangu pakafunika ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa zinthu zosiyanasiyana.
Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nayitrogeni wamadzi amtundu wa chakudya kuli ngati ayisikilimu wa nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi, mabisiketi a nayitrogeni amadzimadzi, kuzizira kwa nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi komanso mankhwala oletsa ululu pamankhwala amafunikiranso nayitrogeni wamadzi oyeretsedwa kwambiri. Mafakitale ena monga makampani opanga mankhwala, zamagetsi, zitsulo, etc. ali ndi zofunika zosiyanasiyana chiyero cha madzi asafe.
