I. Zowopsa

• Kulephera kupuma: Mipweya ya inert (N₂, Ar, He) imasamutsa mpweya mwachangu malo otsekeka kapena opanda mpweya wabwino. Zowopsa kwambiri: Kuperewera kwa okosijeni sikumveka bwino kwa anthu, kupangitsa kukomoka mwadzidzidzi popanda chenjezo.
• Moto/Kuphulika:
  • Mipweya yoyaka (C₂H₂, H₂, CH₄, C₃H₈) imayaka mukakumana ndi zoyatsira.
  • Oxidizer (O₂, N₂O) kwambiri imathandizira kuyaka, kukulitsa moto waung'ono kukhala zochitika zazikulu.
• Kawopsedwe: Kukumana ndi mpweya wapoizoni (Cl₂, NH₃, COCl₂, HCl) kumayambitsa zovuta thanzi, kuphatikizapo amayaka mankhwala kuti organic minofu.
• Zowopsa Zathupi:
  • Kuthamanga kwambiri kwamkati (nthawi zambiri 2000+ psi) kumatha kusintha silinda / valve yowonongeka kukhala projectile yoopsa.
  • Kugwa, kumenya, kapena kusagwira bwino kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa ma valve, kumasulidwa kosalamulirika, kapena kulephera koopsa.
• Kuwononga: Mipweya yowononga imawononga mavavu a silinda ndi zida pakapita nthawi, kuwonjezeka kuchucha ndi mwayi wolephera.

II. Mfundo Zoyambira

• Maphunziro: Zoyenera kwa zonse ma silinda ogwira ntchito. Oyang'anira omwe ali ndi udindo wotsatira ndi kuphunzitsa. Mapulogalamuwa ayenera kuphimba kwathunthu:
  • Katundu wa gasi, ntchito, zoopsa, kufunsira kwa SDS.
  • Kayendetsedwe koyenera, zoyendera, ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zinthu (kuphatikiza zida).
  • Njira zadzidzidzi (kuzindikira kutayikira, ma protocol amoto, kugwiritsa ntchito PPE).
  • Zofunikira zenizeni za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya gasi.
  • (Zolinga: Kukwanitsa kwaumunthu ndiye njira yoyamba yodzitetezera; chidziwitso chosakwanira ndicho chothandizira chachikulu).
• Chizindikiritso:
  • DALIKANI PA MA LEBOS YOKHA (dzina lolembedwa / losindikizidwa). OSAGWIRITSA NTCHITO COLOR CODING (mitundu imasiyanasiyana ndi ogulitsa, kutha, nyengo, kusowa kokhazikika).
  • Zolemba KUYENERA tsatirani OSHA HCS 2012 (29 CFR 1910.1200):
    • Pictogram (chithunzi chofiira chofiira, chizindikiro chakuda pa maziko oyera).
    • Mawu a Signal ("Ngozi" kapena "Chenjezo").
    • Ndemanga Zowopsa.
    • Ndemanga Zosamala.
    • Chozindikiritsa Zinthu.
    • Dzina/adiresi/foni.
  • Zolemba ziyenera kukhala pa chotengera chofulumira (silinda), zomveka, mu Chingerezi, zodziwika, komanso zosungidwa.
  • SDS iyenera kukhala zopezeka mosavuta kwa ogwira ntchito nthawi zonse.
  • (Zolinga: Zolemba zokhazikika, zokhala ndi zidziwitso zambiri zimavomerezedwa mwalamulo ndikuletsa kusakanikirana koopsa; njira zosakhazikika ndizosatetezeka).
• Inventory Management:
  • Khazikitsani kutsata kwamphamvu (kwa digito kovomerezeka) kuti mugwiritse ntchito, malo, kutha ntchito.
  • Gwiritsani ntchito dongosolo la FIFO kuteteza mpweya kutha / kusunga khalidwe.
  • Sungani masilinda athunthu & opanda kanthu padera kuteteza chisokonezo ndi zoopsa "kuyamwa-kumbuyo".
  • Zolemba zimatuluka bwino. Empties AYENERA kukhala ndi ma valve otsekedwa ndikusamalidwa ndi chisamaliro chofanana ndi chokwanira (zotsalira zotsalira).
  • Bweretsani zotayira/masilinda osafunikira mwachangu kwa wogulitsa (malo osankhidwa).
  • Malire Osungira:
    • Mipweya yowononga (NH₃, HCl, Cl₂, CH₃NH₂): ≤6 miyezi (kuyera kumadetsa, chiwopsezo cha dzimbiri chikuwonjezeka).
    • Mipweya yosawononga: ≤10 zaka kuyambira tsiku lomaliza loyesa hydrostatic (losindikizidwa pansi pa khosi).
  • (Zolinga: Imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zowopsa pamalopo (zolephera zochepa), imateteza kuopsa kwa gasi wowonongeka / wotha ntchito, kuwongolera zoopsa zotsalira zotsalira).

III. Malo Otetezedwa

• Malo:
  • Wokhala ndi mpweya wabwino, wowuma, wozizira (≤125°F/52°C; Mtundu E ≤93°F/34°C), kutetezedwa ku dzuwa, madzi oundana / matalala, kutentha, chinyezi, mchere, mankhwala owononga / utsi.
  • Miyezo Ya Mpweya Wovuta Kwambiri:

    • 2000 cu ft Oxygen/N₂O: Kutuluka kunja.

    • 3000 cu ft Zachipatala Zosayaka: Mpweya wokhazikika (zolowera zotsika khoma).

    • Mipweya Yapoizoni/Yowopsa Kwambiri: Kabati yolowera mpweya/chipinda pa kupanikizika koipa; liwiro la nkhope yeniyeni (avg 200 fpm); utsi wolunjika.
• Malo Oletsedwa:
  • Potuluka pafupi, masitepe, zikepe, makonde (chiwopsezo chotchinga).
  • M'malo opanda mpweya (makabati, makabati).
  • Zipinda zachilengedwe (zipinda zozizira / zofunda - kusowa mpweya wabwino).
  • Kumene masilinda amatha kukhala gawo lamagetsi (pafupi ndi ma radiator, matebulo oyambira).
  • Pafupi ndi zoyatsira kapena zoyaka.
• Chitetezo & Kuletsa:
  • sungani mowongoka NTHAWI ZONSE (Acetylene/Fuel gas valve end pamwamba).
  • NTHAWI ZONSE mumakani motetezeka kugwiritsa ntchito unyolo, zomangira, mabatani (osati C-clamps / mabenchi okwera).
    • Zoletsa: Pamwamba ≥1ft kuchokera pamapewa (chachitatu chapamwamba); Pansi ≥1ft kuchokera pansi; omangidwa pamwamba pakati pa mphamvu yokoka.
    • Makamaka kudziletsa payekhapayekha; ngati aikidwa m'magulu, ≤3 masilindala pa choletsa chilichonse, chili chonse.
  • NTHAWI ZONSE sungani chipewa choteteza ma valve kukhala otetezedwa komanso olimba pamanja pomwe sichikugwiritsidwa ntchito / cholumikizidwa.
  • (Zolinga: Imalepheretsa kugwetsa / kugwa / ma projectiles; imateteza valavu yomwe ili pachiwopsezo ku kuwonongeka komwe kumabweretsa kumasulidwa koopsa).
• Kusiyanitsa (ndi gulu la zoopsa):
  • Zoyaka moto vs. Oxidizers: ≥20 ft (6.1m) motalikirana KAPENA ≥5 ft (1.5m) chotchinga chachikulu chosayaka (1/2 hr mlingo wamoto) KAPENA ≥18 mu (45.7cm) magawo osayaka (2-hr moto rating) kupitilira pamwamba/mbali.
  • Zowopsa: Sungani padera makabati / zipinda zokhala ndi mpweya wowongolera ndi kuzindikira (Kalasi I/II imafuna kuzindikiridwa mosalekeza, alamu, kuzimitsa yokha).
  • Inerts: Ikhoza kusunga ndi mtundu uliwonse wa gasi.
  • Masilinda ONSE: ≥20 ft (6.1m) kuchokera kuzinthu zoyaka (mafuta, excelsior, zinyalala, zomera) ndi ≥3m (9.8ft) kuchokera kumagwero oyatsira (ng'anjo, ma boilers, malawi otseguka, zoyaka, mapanelo amagetsi, malo osuta).
  • (Zolinga: Kulekanitsa thupi / zotchinga ndizowongolera zaumisiri zoyambira zomwe zimalepheretsa kuchitapo / moto; zotchinga zimapereka nthawi yovuta kuti asamuke / kuyankha).

IV. Kugwira Motetezedwa & Transport

• Kusamalira:
  • Gwiritsani ntchito moyenera PPE (magalasi otetezedwa okhala ndi zishango zam'mbali, magolovesi achikopa, nsapato zachitetezo).
  • Ayi Kokani, tsitsani, dontho, menyani, gudubuzani, mugwiritse ntchito molakwika masilinda, kapena kusokoneza zida zothandizira.
  • Sungani zida za oxidizer (makamaka O₂). wopanda mafuta / mafuta.
  • Kodi ayi masilinda owonjezera (opanga oyenerera okha).
  • Kodi ayi chotsani zolemba.
• Transport:
  • Gwiritsani ntchito zida zapadera (magalimoto amanja, ma silinda, ma cradles) opangidwira masilinda.
  • NTHAWI zonse otetezera masilinda kungolo/lori (unyolo/chingwe), ngakhale kwa mtunda waufupi.
  • NTHAWI ZONSE sungani kapu yachitetezo cha valve yotetezedwa musanayambe komanso mukamayenda.
  • Transport wowongoka ngati nkotheka (Acetylene/Propane KUYENERA kukhala wowongoka).
  • Kondani magalimoto otsegula kapena mpweya wabwino.
  • NEVER kwezani ndi chipewa, gulaye, kapena maginito.
  • Mabanki Onyamula: Khalani osamala kwambiri (pakatikati pa mphamvu yokoka).
  • Inter-building Transport: Pokhapokha m'nyumba yobweretsera. Mayendedwe kudutsa misewu ya anthu onse ikuphwanya malamulo a DOT; kulumikizana ndi wogulitsa pamayendedwe apakatikati (ndalama zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito).
  • Hazmat: Kunyamula ≥1,001 lbs zinthu zowopsa kumafuna maphunziro a Hazmat & CDL; kunyamula mapepala otumizira.
  • (Zolinga: Zovala za valve ndizofunikira kwambiri paulendo kuti muteteze kuwonongeka kwa ma valve; Kutsata kwa DOT kumatsimikizira chitetezo cha anthu / ogwira ntchito panthawi yaulendo).

V. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Motetezeka

• Gwiritsani ntchito m'malo olowera mpweya wabwino.
• Gwiritsani ntchito wolondola, wodzipatulira wowongolera za mtundu wa gasi weniweni. MUSAMAgwiritse ntchito ma adapter kapena maulumikizidwe otsogola.
• "Kuphwanya" valve: Musanalumikize chowongolera, tsegulani pang'ono & nthawi yomweyo kutseka valavu nditaimirira pambali (osati kutsogolo) kuchotsa fumbi/dothi. Onetsetsani kuti gasi safika komwe amayatsa.
• Tsegulani vavu ya silinda pang'onopang'ono kuteteza kuwonongeka kwa owongolera.
• Za ma silinda a gasi, ma valve sayenera kutsegulidwa kuposa kutembenuka kwa 1.5; wrench yapadera yotsalira pa tsinde ngati itagwiritsidwa ntchito. Osasiya nsonga zozungulira kumbuyo.
• Kutaya-kuyesa mizere/zida zokhala ndi mpweya wolowera musanagwiritse ntchito.
• Gwiritsani ntchito fufuzani ma valve kuteteza kubwerera.
• Tsekani valavu ya silinda ndikutulutsa kutsika kwamtsinje pa nthawi yochuluka yosagwiritsidwa ntchito.
• Mavavu ziyenera kupezeka nthawi zonse pakugwiritsa ntchito.
• NEVER gwiritsani ntchito mpweya / mpweya woponderezedwa poyeretsa popanda mavavu ochepetsera oyenera (≤30 psi). NEVER kuwongolera mpweya wothamanga kwambiri pa munthu.
• NEVER kusakaniza mpweya kapena kusamutsa pakati pa masilindala. NEVER kukonza/kusintha masilinda.
• Kusamala Mwachindunji:
  • Zoyaka moto: Gwiritsani ntchito zoteteza flashback & otaya zoletsa. Hairojeni: Imafunika machubu a SS, masensa a H₂ & O₂. Kuyang'anitsitsa kutayikira, kuchotsa kuyatsa.
  • Mpweya: Zida zolembedwa "OXYGEN YOKHA". Sungani woyera, wopanda mafuta/lint. NEVER jet O₂ pamalo amafuta. Kupaka: Chitsulo, Mkuwa, Copper, SS.
  • Zowononga: Yang'anani nthawi ndi nthawi mavavu kuti aone dzimbiri. Ngati kutuluka sikuyamba pakutsegula pang'ono, gwirani mosamala kwambiri (chotheka plug).
  • Zowopsa / Zowopsa Zazikulu: Muyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu fume hood. Khazikitsani njira zotulutsira/kusindikiza. Kalasi I/II imafuna kuzindikira mosalekeza, ma alarm, kuzimitsa kwadzidzidzi, mphamvu yadzidzidzi yotulukira / kuzindikira.

VI. Kuyankha Mwadzidzidzi

• Zambiri: Anthu ophunzitsidwa okha ndi amene amayankha. Ogwira ntchito onse amadziwa dongosolo ladzidzidzi, ma alarm, kupereka malipoti. Unikani kutali ngati nkotheka.
• Kutuluka kwa Gasi:
  • Zomwe Zachitika Pomwepo: Kuthawa malo okhudzidwa mphepo / kuwoloka mphepo. Chenjezani ena. Yambitsani alamu yadzidzidzi. Imbani 911/zadzidzi zadzidzidzi (perekani zambiri: malo, gasi). Khalani pafupi ndi oyankha.
  • Ngati Safe: Tsekani valavu ya silinda. Tsekani chitseko, yatsani mpweya wonse wotulutsa mpweya potuluka.
  • Kutayikira Kwakukulu / Kosasinthika: Chokani nthawi yomweyo. Yambitsani alamu yamoto. Imbani 911. OSAlowanso.
  • Zoletsedwa: NEVER gwiritsani ma switch / zida zamagetsi (chiwopsezo cha spark). NEVER gwiritsani ntchito moto wotseguka / pangani zoyaka. NEVER gwiritsani ntchito makina / magalimoto.
  • Zachindunji: Mipweya Yowopsa - Chotsani / Itanani 911. Zopanda Zowopsa - Yesani valve yotseka; ngati kutayikira kukupitilira, tulukani/block/dziwitsani chitetezo. Hydrogen - Kuopsa kwa moto / kuphulika (lawi losawoneka), kusamala kwambiri.
• Moto Wophatikiza Masilinda:
  • Zambiri: Chenjezani/Chokani. Yambitsani alamu. Imbani 911 & ogulitsa.
  • Ngati Safe: Tsekani ma valve otseguka. Chotsani masilindala pafupi ndi moto.
  • Flames Imping on Cylinder (Ngozi Yophulika Kwambiri):
    • Kamoto kakang’ono, kanthawi kochepa: Kuyesera kuzimitsa pokhapokha ngati otetezeka.
    • Apo ayi: Chokani nthawi yomweyo. Yambitsani alamu yamoto. Imbani 911.
  • Moto wa Gasi Woyaka (Vavu SINGAtsekedwe): MUSAMAZIMIRE LAME. Kuzizira yamphamvu ndi madzi kuchokera pamalo otetezeka (kuseri kwa nyumba/khoma). Siyani gasi kuzimitsa. (Zolinga: Kuzimitsa popanda kuyimitsa mpweya kumabweretsa kudzikundikira komanso kuphulika koopsa kwambiri).
  • Masilinda a Acetylene Pamoto: OSATI kusuntha kapena kugwedezeka. Pitirizani kuziziritsa ≥1 ola moto wazimitsa; monitor kuti mutenthetsenso.
  • Ma Cylinders Ogubuduza: Mukatetezedwa, bwererani molunjika (kuphulika kwa disc kungayambike).
  • Kuwonetsedwa ndi Moto: Lumikizanani ndi ogulitsa nthawi yomweyo.
• Kutulutsa Mwangozi/Kuyeretsa:
  • Ogwira Ntchito Ophunzitsidwa Pokha (maola 8-24).
  • Muli (diking, absorbents - vermiculite/mabulangete otaya), gwiritsani ntchito zida zosayaka zoyaka moto.
  • Kuwongolera mpweya wabwino (tsekani zolowera m'nyumba, mazenera otsegula/zitseko).
  • Chokani m'dera, tchinga, kuyang'anira mphepo (kunja).
  • Chotsani antchito/zida mu "corridor yochepetsera kuipitsidwa".
  • Chotsani mphamvu / kutseka zida zamagetsi pafupi ndi kutayika (samalani ndi kuyaka pakuzimitsa).
• PPE: Valani PPE yoyenera pa ngozi: Kuteteza maso/Kumaso, maovololo, magolovesi (osagwira moto pamoto), zopumira.
• Lipoti: Nenani zochitika zonse & pafupi ndi zomwe zaphonya. Pitani kuchipatala ngati kuli kofunikira. Dziwitsani EH&S. Lipoti lathunthu la zochitika.

VII. Mfundo Zofunika Kwambiri

1. Limbikitsani Maphunziro & Luso: Kukhazikitsa maphunziro mosalekeza kutsindika za gasi katundu (SDS), njira zothandiza, ndi kuyankha mwadzidzidzi. Onetsetsani kuyankha kwa woyang'anira.
2. Tsimikizirani Kwambiri Kulemba: Lamulani kutsata kwathunthu kwa OSHA HCS 2012 kwa masilindala onse. Letsani kudalira kuyika mitundu. Khalidwe kuyendera zolemba pafupipafupi; sinthani zilembo zowonongeka/zosawerengeka nthawi yomweyo.
3. Konzani Kasamalidwe ka Inventory: Kukhazikitsa digito kutsatira dongosolo kwa kuyang'anira nthawi yeniyeni. Limbikitsani okhwima FIFO. Gawani Zodzaza & Zopanda masilinda momveka bwino. Khazikitsani malo obwerera odzipereka; bweretsani mwachangu zotulutsa / masilinda osafunikira. Khazikitsani malire a nthawi yosungira (≤6mo corrosives, ≤10yrs ena).
4. Onetsetsani Malo Osungirako Otetezeka: Tsimikizirani malo osungira mpweya wabwino (kukwaniritsa miyezo yeniyeni ya mitundu ya gasi / voliyumu), youma, yozizira (≤125°F), otetezedwa ku zinthu / kutentha / dzimbiri. Onetsetsani kuti malo ali kutali ndi zotuluka, magalimoto, zoopsa zamagetsi.
5. Limbikitsani Chitetezo Chakuthupi: sungani mowongoka NTHAWI ZONSE. NTHAWI ZONSE mumakani motetezeka kugwiritsa ntchito zoletsa zoyenera (matcheni/zomangira/mabulaketi) pamwamba pachitatu ndi pafupi ndi pansi. NTHAWI ZONSE sungani zipewa zoteteza ma valve zotetezedwa ngati sizikugwiritsidwa ntchito.
6. Tsimikizirani Kusiyanitsa Kwambiri: Pitirizani ≥20 ft kupatukana kapena kugwiritsa ntchito ≥5 ft chotchinga chachikulu chosayaka (1/2 hr moto mlingo) pakati pa zoyaka moto & oxidizer. Sungani poizoni mkati makabati / zipinda zokhala ndi mpweya wokwanira. Sungani Masilinda ONSE ≥20 ft kuchokera kuzinthu zoyaka / zoyatsira.
7. Konzani Kukonzekera Mayankho Adzidzidzi: Pangani & nthawi zonse konza mapulani atsatanetsatane kuphimba kutayikira, moto, kutulutsa. Onetsetsani ogwira ntchito onse amadziwa njira zotulutsira, kugwiritsa ntchito ma alarm, njira zoperekera malipoti. Perekani ndi kuphunzitsa PPE yoyenera. Tsindikani mfundo zofunika kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, ayi kuzimitsa moto wa gasi wosazimitsa).