Kusankha choyenera gasi njira yoperekera ndi imodzi mwazisankho zofunika kwambiri zomwe eni bizinesi angapange. Zimakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito anu kuchita bwino, mfundo yanu yaikulu, ndipo ngakhale chitetezo cha malo anu antchito. Monga mwini wa mafakitale gasi fakitale ku China, dzina langa ndine Allen, ndipo ndakhala zaka zambiri ndikuthandiza mabizinesi ku USA, Europe, ndi Australia kutsatira njira yomweyi. Ndalankhula ndi maofesala ambiri ogula zinthu ngati a Mark Shen, atsogoleri okhwima, odziwa bwino ntchito omwe amakhala akuthwa komanso amangofunafuna mpikisano. Nkhaniyi ndi yanu. Ndi chitsogozo chopanda pake kuti mumvetsetse zosiyana gasi wa mafakitale njira yoperekera zosankha, kuchokera kuzodziwika bwino yamphamvu kwa wamkulu kusungirako gasi wambiri. Tifotokoza zabwino ndi zoyipa za chilichonse, kukuthandizani kuti mukhale anzeru, olimba mtima gasi katundu.

Kodi Njira Zoyambira Zopangira Gasi Wamafakitale Ndi Chiyani?

Dziko la gasi wa mafakitale amapereka a mitundu yosiyanasiyana yoperekera, iliyonse idapangidwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito mosiyanasiyana komanso zosowa zogwirira ntchito. Kumvetsetsa zosankhazi ndi gawo loyamba kuti mukwaniritse bwino zomwe mumapeza. Pachimake, kusankha kumatengera momwe mumalandirira ndikusunga gasi muyenera. Njira zinayi zazikuluzikulu ndi masilinda othamanga kwambiri, microbulk machitidwe, gasi wambiri tank, ndi gasi pamalopo kupanga.

Taganizani ngati makwerero. Umayamba ndi masilinda pawokha kwa ma voliyumu otsika ndikukwera mpaka kumayankho ophatikizika monga anu gasi zofunika kukula. Gawo lirilonse limapereka zambiri kuchita bwino ndi mtengo wotsika pa gawo la gasi, koma imafunanso ndalama zoyambira zokulirapo komanso malo ambiri. Kupanga chisankho cholakwika kumatha kubweretsa zovuta zopanga, kukwera mtengo, kapena kuwononga ndalama zosafunikira. Mwachitsanzo, fakitale yaikulu yopangira zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito masilinda ingakhale yosagwira ntchito modabwitsa, pomwe labu yaying'ono yokhala ndi zazikulu thanki lalikulu kungakhale kuwononga ndalama. Cholinga ndi kupeza zoyenera kwambiri pabizinesi yanu.

Pano pali mwachidule mwachidule chachikulu njira zoperekera gasi:

Kodi Ma Cylinders A Gasi Othamanga Kwambiri Ndi Liti Amene Amasankha Bwino?

Ma silinda apamwamba kwambiri ndi njira zachikhalidwe komanso zodziwika bwino kusungirako gasi. Awa ndi akasinja achitsulo kapena aluminiyamu omwe amabwera m'maganizo mukaganizira zowotcherera gasi kapena labotale magetsi gasi. Mu izi njira yoperekera, gasi imatsitsidwa kwambiri kuthamanga kwambiri sungani ndikusungidwa muzotengera zonyamulika izi. Ubwino woyamba wa masilinda gasi ndiye chotchinga chawo chochepa cholowera. Palibe chifukwa chokhazikitsa chachikulu kapena mgwirizano wautali. Mukungoyitanitsa masilinda amapereka muyenera, agwiritseni ntchito, ndipo muwasinthanitse kuti akhale odzaza.

kusinthasintha uku kumapanga kupezeka kwa silinda njira yabwino kwa mabizinesi omwe ali otsika kapena osadziwikiratu kugwiritsa ntchito gasi. Ganizirani za malo opangira kafukufuku, mashopu ang'onoang'ono opangira zinthu, kapena madipatimenti okonza omwe amangofunika gasi mwa apo ndi apo. Kwa ogwiritsa ntchito awa, mtengo wokwera pa unit za gasi imathandizidwa ndi ndalama zocheperako zamtsogolo. Komabe, pamene bizinesi ikukula, zofooka za masilinda kuwonekera. Logistics wa cylinder kusamalira—kulandira, kusuntha, kulumikiza, ndi kubweza—kukhoza kukhala mtengo waukulu wa ntchito. Komanso, pali chiwopsezo chachikulu cha kusokoneza koperekera ngati muiwala kuyitanitsa, komanso kuchuluka kwa magalimoto nthawi zonse kutumiza magalimoto amatha kusokoneza tsamba lanu.

Kwa eni bizinesi amene amayamikira kuchita bwino, ndalama zobisika za yamphamvu kasamalidwe ndi vuto lalikulu. Nthawi iliyonse wogwira ntchito ayimitsa kupanga a yamphamvu kusintha, mumataya nthawi yamtengo wapatali. Palinso nkhani yowononga gasi; kawirikawiri, 10-15% ya gasi amakhalabe mu "chopanda" yamphamvu ndipo amabwezedwa kwa wopereka. Pazifukwa izi, kudalira ma silinda a gasi othamanga kwambiri ndi zoona zokhazokha zotsika mtengo kwa mapulogalamu otsika kwambiri.

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Kodi Gasi wa Microbulk Ndi Njira Yabwino Yopangira Ma Cylinders?

Monga mabizinesi akukulira kufunikira kwawo pafupipafupi yamphamvu swaps, nthawi zambiri amadzipeza ali pamavuto apakati. Amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri gasi za masilinda kukhala oyenerera, koma osakwanira kulungamitsa chachikulu kusungirako gasi wambiri thanki. Apa ndi ndendende pamene microbulk gasi dongosolo limawala. Microbulk ndi nzeru zatsopano njira yoperekera zomwe zimathetsa kusiyana masilinda ndi chikhalidwe katundu wambiri. Muli ndi thanki yoyima, ya cryogenic, yaying'ono kwambiri kuposa thanki yayikulu yodzaza, yomwe imayikidwa komwe muli.

Tankiyi imasungirako gasi m'malo mwake kwambiri mawonekedwe amadzimadzi. A apadera kutumiza gasi galimoto imabwera patsamba lanu ndikudzaza thanki popanda kukusokonezani kapena kufunikira kusinthana ndi zida zilizonse. Dongosololi limathetsa zovuta zonse za yamphamvu kasamalidwe. Palibenso ntchito yamanja yosintha, palibenso nthawi yochepetsera kupanga, palibenso zotsalira zomwe zawonongeka gasi, ndipo palibenso wamtengo wapatali malo osungira kutengedwa ndi chopanda kanthu ndi chodzaza masilinda. The microbulk thanki amapereka mosalekeza, odalirika kupereka gasi mwachindunji anu ntchito.

Kuchokera pamalingaliro amtengo, ma microbulk systems perekani kupulumutsa kwakukulu pa pa gawo la gasi kuyelekeza ndi ma silinda apamwamba kwambiri. Ngakhale pali mtengo woikidwiratu woyamba kapena mgwirizano wobwereketsa thanki, kusungako kumapitilira gasi ndipo ntchito nthawi zambiri imapereka phindu lofulumira pazachuma. Ndawona makasitomala ambiri mu chakudya ndi chakumwa ndi magawo opanga kuwala sintha ntchito zawo ndi kuchepetsa mtengo wawo posintha kuchokera ku zovuta kusungirako silinda dera kumodzi, kothandiza microbulk thanki.

Ndani Ayenera Kudalira Zotumizira Gasi Wochuluka?

Pamene kampani kugwiritsa ntchito gasi imafika pamlingo wapamwamba komanso wokhazikika, ndi nthawi yoganizira a gasi wochuluka. Ichi ndiye chochuluka zotsika mtengo njira yopezera magulu akuluakulu za gasi wa mafakitale. The kusungirako gasi wambiri dongosolo limaphatikizapo lalikulu, loyima cryogenic thanki yoyikidwa pamalo anu. Monga microbulk system, izi thanki amasunga gasi mumpangidwe wamadzimadzi koma pamlingo wokulirapo. Magalimoto akuluakulu onyamula mafuta amanyamula kutumiza gasi wambiri, kudzaza tanki yanu pa ndondomeko yokonzedweratu kutengera deta ya telemetry yomwe imayang'anira ntchito yanu.

Mabizinesi kuti kudalira mpweya wochuluka zikuphatikizapo mafakitale aakulu, malo processing mankhwala, mphero zitsulo, ndi zipatala. Kwa ntchito izi, gasi sichiri chongodyedwa; ndizofunika kwambiri, monga madzi kapena magetsi. Phindu loyamba la kusungirako zambiri ndi economies of scale. Kugula gasi mu zimenezo mpweya wambiri amachepetsa kwambiri mtengo pa unit. Amapereka chitetezo chokwanira kwambiri, kuonetsetsa kuti mzere wopangira mavoti apamwamba sudzaimitsidwa chifukwa cha a gasi kuchepa.

Inde, a gasi wambiri yankho ndi kudzipereka kwakukulu. The matanki osungira zimafuna padi lalikulu la konkriti ndi zovomerezeka zazikulu zachitetezo, zomwe zimayimira gawo lalikulu. Mgwirizano ndi wopereka gasi ndi mgwirizano wanthawi yayitali. Komabe, kwa kampani iliyonse yomwe ili ndi zazikulu zofunikira za gasi, phindu mu kupulumutsa mtengo ndi magwiridwe antchito osatsutsika. Izi njira yoperekera ndiye msana wamakono gasi wa mafakitale makampani, kupangitsa kuti ntchito zofunidwa kwambiri ziziyenda bwino komanso zotsika mtengo. Kaya ndi nayitrogeni wambiri posungira chakudya kapena mpweya wopangira zitsulo, katundu wambiri ndi zofunika.

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Kodi Kupanga Gasi Patsamba Ndi Chiyani Ndipo Ndikoyenera Pa Bizinesi Yanga?

Kwa ogwiritsa ntchito gasi akuluakulu komanso ovuta kwambiri, pali sitepe imodzi yomaliza yokwera makwerero: kupanga gasi pamalowo. Izi njira yoperekera amathetsa kutumiza palimodzi. M'malo mokhala ndi gasi kubweretsedwa ndi galimoto, kakang'ono kupanga gasi chomera chimamangidwa mwachindunji pamalo anu. The ambiri matekinoloje ndi mayunitsi olekanitsa mpweya (ASUs), omwe amalekanitsa nayitrogeni ndi okosijeni kumlengalenga, ndi ma jenereta a mpweya ngati haidrojeni. ASU imatenga mpweya wozungulira, kuuzizira, ndikuusungunula kuti ukhale woyera kwambiri mawonekedwe amadzimadzi mpweya.

Ubwino woyamba wa komweko m'badwo ndi ufulu wopereka. Imachotsa chiwopsezo chilichonse chokhudzana ndi kutsekedwa kwa misewu, kuchepa kwa oyendetsa magalimoto, kapena kusokoneza kwina kulikonse gasi katundu. Kwa kwambiri mpweya wambiri ogwiritsa ntchito, makamaka omwe ali kutali, komweko itha kukhalanso njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri pakapita nthawi, chifukwa imachotseratu ndalama zoyendera. Mafakitale monga kupanga zamagetsi kapena kaphatikizidwe kakang'ono ka mankhwala nthawi zambiri amapeza kuti kukhazikika komanso mtengo wake umapindulitsa gasi pamalopo ndi zofunika.

Komabe, iyi ndiye ndalama zambiri kuposa zonse njira zosungira. Pamafunika ndalama zambiri kuti amange fakitale, komanso ndalama zopititsira patsogolo zokonzanso ndi magetsi. Si mipweya yonse yomwe ingapangidwe bwino pang'ono pang'ono, ndipo milingo yachiyero ikhoza kukhala yosayenerera ntchito zonse. An komweko fakitole ili ngati kukhala ndi malo anuanu opangira magetsi—imakupatsani mphamvu zowongolera komanso imabwera ndi udindo wonse wogwira ntchito. Ndi chisankho chanzeru chomwe chasungidwa kumakampani omwe kugwiritsa ntchito gasi ndi zazikulu komanso zofunikira kwambiri kotero kuti amayenera kukhala odzipangira okha.

Kodi Mumafananiza Bwanji Mitengo Yosiyanasiyana Yosungira Gasi?

Poyesa njira zoperekera gasi, ndi kuyesa kungoyang'ana pa mtengo pa kiyubiki phazi la gasi. Uku ndikulakwitsa. Mwiniwake wabizinesi wodziwa ngati Mark amadziwa kuti mtengo weniweni ndi Total Cost of Ownership (TCO). Izi zikuphatikiza osati mtengo wa gasi lokha komanso ndalama zonse zogwirizana, zonse zachindunji ndi zina.

Tiyeni tiwononge ndalama zenizeni zomwe muyenera kuziganizira pa chilichonse njira yosungirako:

• Masilinda:
  • Mtengo wa Gasi: Mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri pa unit.
  • Ndalama Zobwereka: Zolipiritsa pamwezi kwa aliyense yamphamvu komweko.
  • Malipiro Otumizira: Malipiro a kusintha kulikonse ndi kutumiza.
  • Ndalama Zantchito: Malipiro a ogwira ntchito ogwira ntchito, ogwirizanitsa, ndi oyang'anira yamphamvu kufufuza.
  • Zinthu Zowonongeka: Mtengo wa 10-15% wa gasi adabwerera "zopanda kanthu" masilinda.
  • Mtengo Wopuma: Mtengo wotayika wa kupanga pakusintha kwa silinda.
• Microbulk / Bulk Gasi:
  • Mtengo wa Gasi: Mtengo wotsika kwambiri pa unit.
  • Kubwereketsa / Kubwereketsa Zida: Ndalama pamwezi pa thanki ndi zida za vaporization.
  • Mtengo Woyikira: Mtengo wanthawi imodzi wopangira konkriti ndi mapaipi.
  • Mtengo wapatsamba: Mtengo wa malo kapena malo omwe thankiyo imatenga.
  • Mitengo Yanthawi Yaitali: Ngakhale kukhazikitsidwa koyambirira kumakhala kokwera mtengo, ndalama zogwirira ntchito zomwe zikuchitika ndizotsika kwambiri.

Mukasanthula TCO, chithunzi chandalama chimamveka bwino. Kampani imagwiritsa ntchito $3,000 pamwezi mpweya wa silinda akhoza kupeza kuti a microbulk system, mosasamala kanthu za chindapusa chake chobwereketsa, chikhoza kuchepetsa ndalama zonse zomwe amawononga pamwezi kufika pa $2,000 kupyolera mu kutsika gasi ndalama ndi kuthetsa ntchito ndi zinyalala.

Ndi Zinthu Ziti Zomwe Muyenera Kuziganizira Posankha Njira Yanu Yoperekera Gasi?

Ku sankhani mpweya wabwino njira yoperekera, muyenera kuwunika bwino zomwe kampani yanu ili nayo. Sizokhudza voliyumu yokha; ndizokhudza kupanga yankho lomwe likugwirizana ndi zolinga zanu zamalonda. Monga wothandizira, awa ndi mafunso omwe ndimalimbikitsa makasitomala anga kudzifunsa.

Nawa mfundo zofunika kuziganizira:

1. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Volume & Pattern: Zingati gasi mumagwiritsa ntchito tsiku, sabata, kapena mwezi? Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito kwanu kumakhala kokhazikika komanso kodziwikiratu, kapena kumasinthasintha? Wokhazikika wokhazikika, wogwiritsa ntchito mawu apamwamba ndi woyenera gasi wambiri, pomwe wogwiritsa ntchito molakwika, wocheperako ndi woyenera masilinda.
2. Zofunikira za Purity and Pressure: Mulingo wanji gasi chiyero kodi ntchito yanu ikufuna? Kodi muyenera mpweya wothamanga kwambiri ku ntchito? Ena komweko machitidwe ali ndi malire a chiyero, ndi machitidwe ambiri amafuna ma vaporizer kuti apange kuthamanga.
3. Malo Opezeka ndi Malo Opezeka: Kodi muli ndi malo oyenera a microbulk kapena thanki lalikulu? Malowa ayenera kupezeka ndi magalimoto akuluakulu onyamula katundu. Ngati malo ndi ochepa kwambiri, masilinda amadzimadzi (wotchedwanso dewars) kapena kuthamanga kwambiri masilinda ikhoza kukhala njira yanu yokhayo.
4. Zofunikira pa Chitetezo ndi Kasamalidwe: Ndinu okonzeka kuthana ndi ma protocol achitetezo osuntha ndi kulumikizana ma silinda apamwamba kwambiri? Chapakati machitidwe osungira monga microbulk ndi zambiri nthawi zambiri amakhala otetezeka ngati iwo kuchepetsa kugwira ntchito pamanja komanso kukhala ndi malo ochepa otayikira.
5. Njira Zachuma: Kodi bajeti yanu yogwiritsira ntchito ndalama zazikulu ndi yotani? Kodi mungakonde zotsika mtengo zam'tsogolo ndi zokwera mtengo kwambiri (masilinda), kapena ndinu okonzeka kuti aganyali mu dongosolo kuti kuchepetsa wanu ndalama zanthawi yayitali (zambiri)?

Kodi Njira Yanu Yoperekera Zinthu Imakhudza Bwanji Kuchita Mwachangu ndi Chitetezo?

Kusankha kwa makina osungira gasi zimakhudza kwambiri machitidwe anu a tsiku ndi tsiku. Dongosolo losagwirizana bwino limapangitsa kukangana ndi kusachita bwino, pomwe dongosolo loyenera limatha sintha ntchito yanu. Zotsatira zowonekera kwambiri ndizogwira ntchito. Malo omwe amadalira masilinda ayenera kupereka nthawi ya ogwira ntchito ku kasamalidwe kazinthu, kuyitanitsa, komanso mwakuthupi kusintha masilinda. Iyi ndi nthawi yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zinthu zowonjezera. Kusintha ku a microbulk kapena gasi wambiri system imayendetsa ntchito, kumasula antchito anu.

Kugwira ntchito moyenera ilinso ndi uptime. Bizinesi yomwe ikuyendetsa njira yovuta siyingakwanitse kutha gasi. Ndi masilinda, ichi ndi chiwopsezo chokhazikika chomwe chimadalira kufufuza kwazinthu zamanja. Ndi zamakono makina osungira gasi ambiri, telemetry monitoring imalola wogulitsa kuti azitha kuyang'anira ntchito yanu patali ndikukonzekera a kutumiza zokha, kalekale musanatsike. Izi proactive kasamalidwe ka gasi zimatsimikizira kuyenda kosalekeza, kosasokonezeka, kupititsa patsogolo zokolola ndikuchotsa kupsinjika kwa kusowa komwe kungakhalepo.

Zoonadi, chitetezo ndicho chofunika kwambiri. Pamene a makampani gasi ali ndi mbiri yabwino yachitetezo, kusuntha kolemetsa, kuthamanga kwambiri masilinda chibadwa amakhala ndi ziwopsezo zakuvulala kapena kutulutsidwa mwangozi. A chokhazikika kusungirako gasi wambiri kukhazikitsa ndi makina opangidwa ndi zinthu zambiri zotetezedwa. Mwa kuyika malo osungiramo pakati ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zolumikizira pamanja, mumakulitsa kwambiri mbiri yachitetezo cha malo anu onse.

Chifukwa chiyani Robust Supply Chain Ndiwofunika Pazinthu Zanu Zamagetsi?

Ziribe kanthu gasi kupereka mode mumasankha, kudalirika kwake kumangofanana ndi magulidwe akatundu zomwe zimathandizira. Monga mwini bizinesi yemwe amagula zinthu padziko lonse lapansi, mukudziwa kale izi. Kuchedwa kwa kutumiza kapena zovuta zamtundu zitha kuyimitsa ntchito yanu yonse. Izi ndi zoona makamaka kwa magetsi gasi. Mutha kukhala ndi zapamwamba kwambiri thanki lalikulu, koma ndizopanda ntchito ngati supplier wanu kutumiza galimoto sikuwoneka pa nthawi yake.

Kumanga a chain yokhazikika amayamba ndi kusankha bwenzi loyenera. A odalirika wopereka gasi ndi amodzi omwe ali ndi netiweki yotsimikizika yamayendedwe, magwero angapo opanga, komanso kusanthula kwakukulu kwazinthu. Mubizinesi yanga, tili ndi mizere isanu ndi iwiri yopanga chifukwa redundancy ndiye chinsinsi chodalirika. Ngati mzere umodzi uli ndi vuto, tili ndi ena asanu ndi limodzi owonetsetsa kuti maoda amakasitomala athu adzazidwa. Uwu ndi mtundu wa kulimba mtima womwe muyenera kuyang'ana. Funsani omwe angakhale ogulitsa za mapulani awo angozi. Kodi amathana bwanji ndi zosokoneza zamayendedwe kapena kukwera kofunikira kosayembekezereka?

Komanso, wodalirika gasi katundu ndi zowonekera. Izi zikufotokoza zowawa zazikulu zomwe ndamva kuchokera kwa ogula ngati Mark: kuopa ziphaso zachinyengo. Wothandizira wapamwamba adzapereka zolemba zomveka bwino, zotsimikizika za gasi chiyero ndi kuwongolera khalidwe kwa aliyense kutumiza. Izi sizolemba zokha; ndikukutsimikizirani kuti chinthu chomwe mukulandira chikukwaniritsa zomwe mukufuna ndikuteteza zida zanu ndi njira zanu. Anu kuchuluka kwa gasi wamakampani ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri, komanso chake magulidwe akatundu ikuyenera kufufuzidwa mofanana ndi gawo lina lililonse la bizinesi yanu.

Kodi Strategic Gas Supplier Angakhale Bwanji Oposa Ongogulitsa?

Pamsika wamakono wampikisano, ubale pakati pa bizinesi ndi ogulitsa ake uyenera kukhala mgwirizano. A moona njira wopereka gasi sichimangotenga oda yanu ndikusiya chinthu. Amakhala ngati chowonjezera cha gulu lanu, kukupatsani ukadaulo wokuthandizani kukhathamiritsa njira zanu, kuchepetsa ndalama, ndikuwongolera chitetezo. Iyi ndiye filosofi yomwe tamangapo kampani yathu.

Wothandizira wamkulu amayamba ndi kukuthandizani sankhani gasi wanu njira yoperekera. Sangakugulitseni zomwe ziri zophweka kwa iwo; adzakusanthulani bwinobwino kugwiritsa ntchito gasi, mapulani anu akukula, ndi malire anu atsamba kuti apangitse yankho lomwe ndi zoyenera kwambiri pabizinesi yanu. Iwo angathandize kupanga mapaipi kuchokera thanki yosungirako kwa inu ntchito ndikuwonetsetsa kuti dongosolo lonse lakhazikitsidwa moyenera komanso motetezeka.

Kuphatikiza pa chithandizo choyambirira, chithandizo chamankhwala chimaperekedwa. Atha kukuthandizani kuyang'anira momwe mumagwiritsira ntchito kuti muwone mipata kuchita bwino zopindula ndi kuchepetsa kutaya. Amakudziwitsani za matekinoloje atsopano ndi gasi watsopano mapulogalamu omwe angathandize bizinesi yanu. Uku ndiye kusiyana pakati pa wogulitsa wosavuta ndi mnzanu yemwe adayikapo pakupambana kwanu. Mukapeza wothandizira amene ali wokonzeka kugawana nanu ukadaulo wake ndikugwira ntchito limodzi ndi inu, sikuti mukungogula gasi molekyu; mukupeza mwayi wampikisano.

Zofunika Kwambiri

• Unikani Voliyumu Yanu: Chofunika kwambiri posankha a njira yoperekera ndi yanu kugwiritsa ntchito gasi. Zovala zotsika kwambiri masilinda, voliyumu yapakati ndiyabwino microbulk, ndi zofuna zamphamvu kwambiri gasi wambiri.
• Ganizirani Mtengo Wonse: Osangoyang'ana mtengo pa unit. Unikani Mtengo Wonse wa Mwini, kuphatikizapo ogwira ntchito, zinyalala, zolipiritsa zobwereketsa, ndi mtengo wanthawi yopuma.
• Kuchita Mwachangu Ndikofunikira: Kusuntha kuchokera masilinda ku a microbulk kapena zambiri system imathetsa kugwirira ntchito pamanja, imalepheretsa kuyimitsidwa, ndikumasula antchito anu kuti azigwira ntchito zofunika kwambiri.
• Chitetezo Choyamba: Chapakati machitidwe osungira gasi mwachibadwa ndi otetezeka kusiyana ndi kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa masilindala othamanga kwambiri, chifukwa amachepetsa kagwiridwe ka manja ndi malo omwe angathe kutuluka.
• Sankhani Wokondedwa, Osati Wogulitsa: Anu wopereka gasi ayenera kukhala ogwirizana ndi a chain yokhazikika, kuwongolera kotsimikizika, ndi ukatswiri wokuthandizani kukhathamiritsa zonse gasi- ntchito zogwirizana.