Argon (Ar) ndi gasi osowa kwambiri ntchito zitsulo, kuwotcherera, mafakitale mankhwala, ndi zina. Kupanga kwa argon makamaka kumadalira kulekanitsa magawo osiyanasiyana a gasi mumlengalenga, popeza kuchuluka kwa argon mumlengalenga ndi pafupifupi 0,93%. Njira ziwiri zazikulu zopangira ma argon a mafakitale ndi Cryogenic Distillation ndi Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA).

Cryogenic Distillation

Cryogenic distillation ndiyo njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakulekanitsa argon m'makampani. Njira imeneyi imagwiritsira ntchito kusiyana kwa malo otentha a zigawo zosiyanasiyana za gasi mumlengalenga, kusungunula mpweya pa kutentha kochepa, ndi kulekanitsa mpweya kudzera mu gawo la distillation.

Njira Yoyenda:

Chithandizo Cham'mlengalenga: Choyamba, mpweya umaunikiridwa ndipo poyamba umazirala kuchotsa chinyezi ndi carbon dioxide. Izi zimatheka pogwiritsira ntchito chowumitsira (CD) kapena molecular sieve adsorber kuchotsa chinyezi ndi zonyansa.

Kuponderezedwa ndi Kuzizira kwa Air: Pambuyo kuyanika, mpweya umatsindikizidwa ku ma megapascals angapo a kuthamanga, ndiyeno utakhazikika kupyolera mu chipangizo chozizira (mwachitsanzo, mpweya wozizira) kuti ubweretse kutentha kwa mpweya pafupi ndi malo ake a liquefaction. Izi zimachepetsa kutentha kwa mpweya kufika -170°C mpaka -180°C.

Kutulutsa mpweya: Mpweya woziziritsa umadutsa mu valve yowonjezera ndikulowa muzitsulo za cryogenic distillation. Zomwe zili mumlengalenga zimasiyanitsidwa pang'onopang'ono mkati mwa chigawocho potengera mfundo zawo zowira. Nayitrogeni (N₂ndi oxygen (O₂) amasiyanitsidwa ndi kutentha kochepa, pamene argon (Ar), ali ndi malo otentha pakati pa nayitrogeni ndi mpweya (-195.8)°C kwa nayitrogeni, -183°C kwa mpweya, ndi -185.7°C kwa argon), amasonkhanitsidwa m'magawo apadera azanja.

Fractional distillation: Mu ndime ya distillation, mpweya wamadzimadzi umasanduka nthunzi ndi kusungunuka pa kutentha kosiyana, ndipo argon imasiyanitsidwa bwino. Argon wolekanitsidwa ndiye amasonkhanitsidwa ndikuyeretsedwanso.

Kuyeretsa kwa Argon:

Cryogenic distillation nthawi zambiri imatulutsa argon ndi chiyero choposa 99%. Pazinthu zina (monga makampani opanga zamagetsi kapena kukonza zinthu zapamwamba), kuyeretsa kwina kungafuneke pogwiritsa ntchito ma adsorbents (monga ma activated carbon kapena molecular sieve) kuchotsa zonyansa monga nayitrogeni ndi okosijeni.

Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA)

Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) ndi njira ina yopangira argon, yoyenera kupanga pang'ono. Njirayi imalekanitsa argon ndi mpweya pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma adsorption a mpweya wosiyanasiyana pa zinthu monga ma sieve a maselo.

Njira Yoyenda:

Adsorption Tower: Mpweya umadutsa munsanja ya adsorption yodzazidwa ndi ma sieve a maselo, kumene nayitrogeni ndi okosijeni zimakokedwa kwambiri ndi ma molekyulu, pomwe mpweya wa inert ngati argon sunapangidwe, zomwe zimawalola kuti asiyane ndi nayitrogeni ndi mpweya.

Adsorption ndi Desorption: Pakazungulira kamodzi, nsanja ya adsorption imayamba kutulutsa nayitrogeni ndi okosijeni kuchokera mumlengalenga mopanikizika kwambiri, pomwe argon imatuluka kudzera mu nsanjayo. Kenako, pochepetsa kupanikizika, nayitrogeni ndi okosijeni amachotsa ku masieve a maselo, ndipo mphamvu ya adsorption tower's adsorption imabwezeretsedwanso kudzera mukusinthanso kwamphamvu.

Multi-Tower Cycle: Nthawi zambiri, nsanja zambiri za adsorption zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosinthana—imodzi ya kutengeka pamene inayo ili m’kusauka—kulola kupanga mosalekeza.

Ubwino wa njira ya PSA ndikuti ili ndi kukhazikitsidwa kosavuta komanso kutsika mtengo kwa ntchito, koma chiyero cha argon opangidwa nthawi zambiri chimakhala chotsika kuposa cha cryogenic distillation. Ndizoyenera pamikhalidwe yokhala ndi kufunikira kochepa kwa argon.

Kuyeretsedwa kwa Argon

Kaya akugwiritsa ntchito cryogenic distillation kapena PSA, argon yopangidwa nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mpweya wochepa, nitrogen, kapena nthunzi wamadzi. Kuti argon akhale oyera, njira zina zoyeretsera zimafunikira:

Condensation wa Zonyansa: Kuziziritsa kwina kwa argon kuti muchepetse ndikulekanitsa zonyansa zina.

Molecular Sieve Adsorption: Kugwiritsa ntchito ma cell adsorbers amphamvu kwambiri kuti muchotse kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni, mpweya, kapena nthunzi wamadzi. Masieve a mamolekyulu ali ndi kukula kwake komwe kumatha kutengera mamolekyu ena agasi.

Tekinoloje Yolekanitsa Mamembrane: Nthawi zina, ukadaulo wolekanitsa mpweya wamagetsi ungagwiritsidwe ntchito kulekanitsa mpweya potengera kulowetsa kosankha, kupititsa patsogolo chiyero cha argon.

Kusamala kwa Pa-Site Argon Production

Njira Zachitetezo:

Chiwopsezo cha Cryogenic: Madzi argon ndi kuzizira kwambiri, ndipo kukhudzana mwachindunji kuyenera kupewedwa kuti chisanu chikhale chozizira. Ogwira ntchito ayenera kuvala zovala zodzitchinjiriza za cryogenic, magolovesi, ndi magalasi.

Ngozi ya Asphyxiation: Argon ndi mpweya wa inert ndipo ukhoza kusuntha mpweya. M'malo otsekedwa, kutuluka kwa argon kungayambitse kuchepa kwa mpweya wa okosijeni, zomwe zimabweretsa asphyxiation. Choncho, madera omwe argon amapangidwa ndi kusungidwa ayenera kukhala ndi mpweya wabwino, ndipo machitidwe owunikira mpweya ayenera kuikidwa.

Kukonza Zida:

Pressure and Temperature Control: Zida zopangira Argon zimafunikira kuwongolera mwamphamvu komanso kutentha, makamaka muzambiri za cryogenic distillation ndi nsanja za adsorption. Zida ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa pafupipafupi kuti zitsimikizire kuti magawo onse ali m'mizere yoyenera.

Kupewa Kutuluka: Popeza dongosolo la argon limagwira ntchito mopanikizika kwambiri komanso kutentha kochepa, kukhulupirika kwa chisindikizo ndikofunikira. Mapaipi a gasi, malo olumikizirana, ndi ma valve ayenera kuyang'aniridwa nthawi ndi nthawi kuti asatayike.

Gasi Purity Control:

Kuwunika kolondola: Chiyero cha argon chofunika chimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi ntchito. Owunikira gasi ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi kuti ayang'ane chiyero cha argon ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mankhwalawa akukwaniritsa miyezo yamakampani.

Kuwongolera Zonyansa: Makamaka, mu cryogenic distillation, kulekanitsidwa kwa argon kungakhudzidwe ndi mapangidwe a distillation column, mikhalidwe yogwiritsira ntchito, ndi kuzizira bwino. Kuyeretsa kwina kungakhale kofunikira malinga ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito komaliza kwa argon (mwachitsanzo, ultra-high purity argon kwa mafakitale a zamagetsi).

Kuwongolera Mwachangu:

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu: Cryogenic distillation imakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, choncho kuyesetsa kukulitsa njira zoziziritsa komanso zoponderezana kuti muchepetse kutaya mphamvu.

Kubwezeretsa Kutentha kwa Zinyalala: Malo amakono opanga ma argon nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zinyalala zobwezeretsa kutentha kuti zibwezeretse mphamvu zoziziritsa zomwe zimatulutsidwa panthawi ya cryogenic distillation, kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zamagetsi.

Pakupanga mafakitale, argon makamaka imadalira cryogenic distillation ndi njira zotsatsira zotsatsa. Cryogenic distillation imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kupanga kwakukulu kwa argon chifukwa cha kuthekera kwake kupereka apamwamba chiyero argon. Chisamaliro chapadera chimafunikira panthawi yopanga kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo, kukonza zida, kuwongolera kuyera kwa gasi, komanso kuwongolera mphamvu zamagetsi.