Aloha,ʻo wauʻo Allen, a mai kaʻu mau ala Vantage ma Kina, e kū nei i ko mākou mau laina hana meaʻaiʻehiku, uaʻike mua wau i ka neʻeʻana o ka ʻO nā wahi kūikawā ʻoihana. ʻO kēiaʻatikala no nā mea nona nāʻoihanaʻoihana a me nā luna hoʻomalu e like me Mark Shen i USA,ʻo wai e nānā nei e hoʻokele i ka Ke kūʻaiʻana i ka mākeke kūʻai. ^. Ināʻoe e hoʻohana ai Nā kikowaenaʻoihana a makemake e hoʻomaopopo i nā mea kūʻai aku, e hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi, a loaʻa i nā hoa hana hilinaʻi, a lailaʻo kēia mau mea hohonu loa noʻoe. E nānā mākou i ka global uila uila uilae nānā ana i nā mea pāʻani, nā mea pāʻani nui, a pehea e hoʻoholo ai i nā hoʻoholo i haʻiʻia. ʻAʻole kēia kekahi Hoike; He alakaʻi e kōkua iāʻoe e hoʻonui i kāu uku o Nā kikowaena uila uila a noho i mua o kahi pae hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū. E loaʻa iāʻoe ka waiwai Nā meaʻona kūʻai i loko o kahi'āpana e pili ana i ke kumu nui o kaʻenehana hou.

ʻO ka hoʻomaopopoʻana i nā mea pono: He aha nāʻano kūikawā kūikawā a no ke aha e pili nui ai nā mea kūʻai uila?

E hoʻomaka kākou me nā kumu kumu. He aha hoʻi ʻO nā mea kūʻai kūikawā? ʻAʻole e like me nā pahuhopu maʻamau i hoʻohanaʻia ma nā helu nui no nā noi ākea ʻO nā mea kūʻai kūikawā he mau'āpana kiʻekiʻe a iʻole nā'āpana i hanaʻia a iʻole nā ​​hui likeʻole. Ua weheweheʻia lākou e ko lākou ikaika, ka maʻemaʻe, a iʻole ka hoʻohuihui,ʻo ia ka mea e kūpono ai, kahi e kūpono ai iā lākou i nā noi kūikawā. E noʻonoʻo iā lākou e like me keʻano o nā pono hana o ka honua. 'Ōlelo mākeke mākeke aia nā meaʻelua, akāʻo ka ʻO ka mākeke kālepa kūikawā nā mea iʻoi aku i nā koina hou aʻe, nā koi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.

Ano, i loko o kēia'āpana, ʻO nā pahu uila uila he subgroup koʻikoʻi. ʻO kēia mau mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi loa e hoʻohanaʻia a me nā hana kiʻekiʻe a me nāʻano likeʻole i hoʻohana pololeiʻia ma ka hana hana hana no Nā Kūlana Hui Pūmail a me nā polokalamu. ʻO nā pono pono e koi pinepineʻia i kēia mau mea - e noʻonoʻo i nā'āpana i kēlā me kēia biliona a iʻole nā'āpana no nā pae trillion. No ke aha keʻano o ke kaula? No ka mea, hiki iā ia ke hōʻino nui loa i ka microchip i kahi microchip a iʻole kahi hōʻike hōʻike hōʻike holomua. HE MEA Nā hale uila ʻO nā koa unsung ma hope o nā mea kelepona i loko o kā mākou mau peke, nā kamepiula i kā mākou papa hana, a me nā mea olakino e mālama ana i nā ola. Ka pono o ka ʻO nā mīkini uila uila nā hopena kūpono i ka hua a me ka hana o Nā polokalamu uila uila holomua.

'Ōlelo koi no nā mea kūikawā kūikawā i hoʻohanaʻia i ka ʻOihana Polokalamu Pūnaewele ua hana nuiʻia no ka mea e hōʻike houʻia kaʻenehana o kēia manawa ma ka hoʻonuiʻana i nā mea liʻiliʻi aʻoi aku paha. Ma keʻano he meaʻona ma Kina, uaʻike wau i kēia noi i ka makahiki e ulu ana ma hope o ka makahiki. Pili i nā hui Hanaʻia ka mīkini No kēia hana, e like me kā mākou, e hoʻolōʻihi i nāʻenehana i hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻia a me nā pono hana e hoʻokō ai i kēia mau kūlana kūpono. No laila, ke kamaʻilio nei mākou ʻO nā mīkini uila uila, ke kūkā nei mākou i kahi huahana kahi i loaʻaʻole keʻano; ʻo ia ka mea holoʻokoʻa.

ʻO ke kiʻiʻana o keʻano hana

'Ōlelo Ke kūʻaiʻana i ka mākeke kūʻai aole e ulu wale; E hele ana ia! ʻO kekahi mau mea nui e pili ana i kēia koʻikoʻi ulu ulu. ^. Mua,ʻo ka hoʻonuiʻole o ka ʻOihana Polokalamu Pūnaewele ʻo ia ke kaʻa mua. E noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka Pūnaewele o nā mea (IT), 5G Technology, kaʻike akamai (AI) ʻO kēia mau mea hoʻonāukiuki āpau e hilinaʻi nui i ka holomua semiconduc pā nā moa a me nā mea nani Nā Kūlana uila, kēlā me kēlā me kēia koiʻana i kahi suite o ʻO nā pahu uila uila i kā lākou hana. Hoʻokumu kēia i ka hoʻomau a me ka piʻiʻana koi no nā'ōnaehana uila uila.

ʻO ka lua, ka paʻakikī a me ka mitianization o Nā Kūlana Hui Pūmail ʻo ia ka mea hana hana hana ke lilo nei i mea makemake hou. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā mea kūʻai aku aʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea i hoʻopaʻaʻia i nā pae i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe aʻoi aku ka nui ʻO nā wahi kūikawā hana. Hōʻike pololei kēiaʻano i ka ʻO ka nui o nā mākeke kūʻai uila uila uila uila, ke kāohi nei i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. Keʻike nei mākou i kahi alaloa i kū i luna i loko o ka global uila uila uila. ^. Wahi a kekahi Hōʻike noiʻi noiʻi mākeke, o ka ʻO ka nui o nā mākeke kūʻai kūʻai uila uila ua hanaʻia e hoʻomau i kona ulu ikaika, me kahi hui uluna o keʻano he nui

ʻO nā loli hope loa, nā hoʻololiʻana mea hana uila e pāʻani pū kekahi. ʻOiai e hoʻomauʻia nā'āina i hoʻopaʻaʻia e hanaʻia, e kū ana nāʻoihana e kū'ē i kā lākou semiconduc pā a mea hana uila hiki ke hiki. ʻO kēia ʻO ka hoʻonuiʻana o ka mākeke Ma kahi kūlana o ka honua honua i ka holoʻokoʻa Ka uluʻana o ka mākeke. ^. E like me ka mea hāʻawi, e hoʻoponopono pū ana mākou i kā mākou Hanaʻia ka mīkini a me nā kaulahao e hoʻokō ai i kēia dinamic mākeke mākeke. ^. 'Ōlelo koi no nā sanis kūikawā he mea kūpono kūpono o kā mākou honua e aʻo nei i ka honua Ke kūʻaiʻana i ka mākeke kūʻai aia ma ka puʻuwai o kēia hoʻololi. 'Ōlelo ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka uila Ke lilo neiʻo Gares i ka nui o ka holoiʻana, e neʻe ana i nā palena o ka mea hiki ke hiki i kaʻenehana.

Ke hōʻole nei i ka noi:ʻO nā'āpana kīwina e wehewehe i nā mākeke uila uila uila?

'Ōlelo ʻO nā mākeke kūʻai uila uila uila he kūlike, me nā kī nui nā'āpana o ka uila Hoʻopiʻi e pili ana i ka Gasinascape ma luna o keʻano o ke kinoea, noi a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Hiki i ka hoʻomaopopoʻana i kēia mau'āpana e kōkua i nā mea kūʻai aku e like me Mark e hana hou i nā hoʻoholo kūʻai akuʻana.

Hoʻokahi ala e waiho ai i ka ʻO ka mākeke kālepa kūikawā ma keʻano o Ua hoʻohanaʻia nā mea kanu. ^. E pili ana i kēia:

• ʻO nā mea kanu nui: ʻOiai e noʻonoʻo pinepineʻiaʻo ka hanaʻoihana,ʻo Ultra-High Turiaty mauʻano likeʻole Nitrogen, Aron, Helium, a me hydrogen e lilo ana i nā uila. Hoʻohanaʻia lākou no ka hoʻokumuʻana i nā lewa o ka hanaʻana, e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ana, a me keʻano laweʻana.
• Nā halloorbons uila (me nā mea uila uila uila uila): E like me NF3 (NUTROGEN TRIFLUORIDE), SF₆ (sulfur hexafludide), chm₃, a me nā chmp ʻO ka hana semiconductor.
• Nā Sildion Sildion: Silane (sih₄) a me kāna mau derivatives (like me dichitatil (like diclorosillane) no ka waihoʻana i nā papa silicon
• Nā Mīpī DAPANT: Arsine (Ash₃), phoshua (PH₃), a hoʻomāinoini i kāna mea kūʻai aku e hana i nā mea transiss. He mākaukau nui kēia ʻO nā pahu uila uila.
• Nā Gery Gases: Neon,ʻo Hyptton, a Xenon (e like me kā mākou 99.999% hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe 50l Cylinder Xenon Gas) hoʻohanaʻia i nā mea kanu no ka lithography, ka mālamalama, a me nā noi noi'ē aʻe.
• ʻO nā mea'ē aʻe'ē aʻe a me nāʻano likeʻole: Hoʻopili kēia i kahi ākea ākea o nā hau a me nā momi Uā Kekaiulani lima, Kaʻi o Mnobon Mnoxide, nā Ameri, a me nāʻano maʻamau e like me nā'anā kūikawā o nāʻokoʻaʻokoʻa i ka hana hana hana.

ʻO kekahi hōʻailona nui e noiʻia e ka noi. ʻO ka palapala inoa inoa inoaʻoleʻia ʻO ka hana semiconductor. ^. Eia nō naʻe, Pāʻani pāʻani uila uila nā kuleana koʻikoʻi ma:

• Hōʻikeʻo Flat Panol (FPDS): Hana lcd, aled, a me kekahi Hōʻike Manaʻo.
• Nā alakaʻi (māmā e hoʻololi i nā diodes): Ka hanaʻana o ka mālamalama-maikaʻi a me nā hōʻike.
• Nā Solar Selels (Photovoltacs): Nā mea hoʻonaninani o nā kāleka kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi.

'Ōlelo mākaʻikaʻi mākeke No kēlā me kēia nā'āpana o ka uila Hoʻololi nā mākekeʻo Gas, me hanaʻoihana semiconducor ka mea maʻamau e paʻa ana i ka'āpana nui loa ma muli o ka nui o ka shee a me nāʻano likeʻole o nā mea i hoʻohanaʻia ma nāʻano likeʻole nā papa. E like me ka Nāʻenehana hana hana e hoʻomau i ka uluʻana, pēlā nō hoʻi koi no nā sanis kūikawā i loko o kēia mau'āpana.

ʻO ka mea hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū:ʻO wai nā mea pāʻani e like me ka mea pāʻani e like me ke kalepa uila uila o ka honua?

'Ōlelo global uila uila uila hōʻikeʻia e kahi hui o nā hui multinational nui a me nā mea pāʻani kiʻekiʻe. Ka hoʻomaopopoʻana i ka mea nui Nā mea pāʻani mākeke hiki ke hāʻawi i nā meaʻike i loko Nā Kauka Kūʻai Kūʻai a me nā hana hoʻoweliweli. Nā 'like me Liden (i hui pū me ka praxair), Nā huahana a me nā mea kanu, inc., Ka wai wai wai, a me taiyo nippon sanso corporation ka mea i hoʻopili pinepineʻia ʻO nā mea pāʻani nui i ka loea uila ʻO ka hui Gas. ʻO kēia mau mea nui i loaʻa i nā hui honua global, nā mea nui R & D, a me kahi port bortfolio o ʻO nā wahi kūikawā huahana.

ʻO kēia mau mea nui nā mea pāʻani ma ka loea uila mākeke mākeke e komo nui i loko Hanaʻia ka mīkini ʻenehana, nāʻenehana hoʻomaʻemaʻe, a me nā'ōnaehana mana o ka maikaʻi e hoʻokō ai i ke kaula pono o nāʻoihana uila. ^. Hana pinepine lākou me ke alakaʻiʻana semiconduc pā mea hana e hoʻomohala hou nā hau a me nā momi no nā hanaʻelua o ka hanauna. Ko lākou nui mākaʻikaʻi mākeke he hopena o nā makahiki he mau makahiki o kaʻike, nā lako e pono ai, a me nā mea lawelawe e pono ai. ʻo kahi laʻana, Nā huahanape Pūnaewele he ikaika ikaika i ka hoʻolakoʻana ʻO nā mīkini kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe i na mea hana uila 'Ōpala. Penei, Liden hāʻawi i kahi ākea ʻOhana o nā kikowaena kūikawā hanaʻia no nā noi uila likeʻole.

Eia nō naʻe,ʻo ka ʻO ka mākeke kālepa kūikawā Loaʻa pū kekahi i nā mea kūʻai aku'ē aʻe, e pili ana i nāʻoihana e like me kā mākou ma Kina, e nānā ana i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ʻO nā pahu uila uila me nā mea hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū, kūikawā ma nā'ōlelo o ka hāʻawi a me ka uku-kumukūʻai. Nui nā luna waiwai, e like me Mark, e loaʻa i ka waiwai i loko o kā lākou mea kūʻai aku a me ka hanaʻana me nā mea kūpono e hiki ai ke hāʻawi i ka maikaʻi a me nā mea maikaʻi ʻO ka hana kūikawā. ^. ʻO ke kī eʻike i nā mea hoʻolako e hiki ke hoʻokō pinepine i nā kiko'ī maʻemaʻe, e hāʻawi i ka laweʻana i ka hōʻoia. 'Ōlelo ʻO nā mākeke kūʻai uila uila honua Global he hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū, he mau mea pono e loaʻa ai nā mea kūʻai aku ma o ke kaʻaʻana i ka hanaʻana a me ka hana pono ʻO nā mea kūʻai kūikawā.

 ʻO ka puʻuwai o kaʻenehana: Pehea keʻano nui o nā mea hoʻokūkū kūikawā ma Semicohyuctor e hoʻomaʻamaʻa a me nā mea uila?

ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻonui i ka mea nui o ʻO nā mea kūʻai kūikawā i ʻO ka hana semiconductor a me ka nui Nāʻenehana hana hana. ^. HE MEA E pāʻani ana nā mea kanu i kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi ma kahi o kēlā me kēia wahi o ka hanaʻana i nā pahu i ka mana o kā mākou honua piha. Mai ka hoʻomākaukauʻana i ka walaʻau silitic i ka pohō hope loa, kiko'ī ʻO nā pahu uila uila he mea kūlike. 'Ōlelo hana hana hana a a semiconduc pā pili i nā haneli o nā wāwae, he nui nā mea e hilinaʻi nui i nā hopena pono kūpono e hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻia e kēia mau kaʻa.

E noʻonoʻo i ka huakaʻi o kahi huakaʻi silicon:

• Ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe: Hoʻohanaʻia nā Groes e like me Nitrogen Trifluoride (NF₃) no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻana o Plasma no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻana o nā keʻena URDATION, e lawe ana i nā koena i makemakeʻoleʻia. Mālama kēia i kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi no nā kaʻina hana ma hope.
• Kāleka: Silane (sih₄) he corasterne ʻO nā mīkini uila uila Ua hoʻohanaʻia no ka waihoʻana i ke kalaʻana i ka chepor (cvd) e waiho i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni o ka silicon a silika diioxide. Nā mea'ē aʻe e hana i nā papa hana nui a iʻole nā ​​kiʻiʻoniʻoni.
• Etching: ʻO kēia kahi e hoʻopiliʻia nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻohālikelike i ka wafer. E like me nā chlorine (cllorine Ke koho o ʻO nā wahi kūikawā e hoʻoholo ana i ka helu a me kaʻaoʻao.
• Kekuhi: E hana i nā mea kūʻai aku, pono e hoʻokomoʻia nā mea kūpono i loko o ka silika. Hanaʻia kēia me ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka dorant Ua hoʻohanaʻia nā mea kanu Me he phosphine (PH₃), Arsree (Ashin), a iʻole Domirane (B₂H₆). ʻO ka nānāʻana o kēia mau mea Nā hale uila pono e mālamaʻia.
• Kahakai: ʻOiai ke kīʻana o nā kukui i ke kī, Nā haunaele E like me Aron (ar), Krypton (Kr), a me Xenon (Xe) i hoʻohanaʻia i nā mea kūʻai aku. Nā mea likeʻole e like me ʻO ka Cylinder Game Gaminder Hoʻohana pūʻia e hana i nā mea pale pale.

Ma hope o nā semiconductors, Hoʻohanaʻia nā mīkini uila uila uila Ma ka hanaʻana i nā hōʻike papa inoa-papa inoa, nā leʻa, a me nā solar solar. No ka laʻana, e launa pū e like me ka ammonia (nh₃) a me Silane i hoʻohanaʻia e hana i nā mea kūʻai kiʻiʻoniʻoni 'Ōlelo ka hanaʻana o nā uila ʻAʻole hiki i nā polokalamu ke hikiʻole ke loaʻaʻole keʻano kūpono o kēia mau mea ʻO nā mīkini kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. ^. 'Ōlelo Nā noi i kaʻoihana Semiconductor he mea nui, a me ka nā mea e kākoʻo ai ʻO nā kaʻina hana e hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻia kēia mau kaʻina hana. 'Ōlelo ʻO nā mea pāʻani kūikawā kahi kuleana pololei i ka hana, hilinaʻi, a me ke kumu o ka hope Nā Kūlana uila.

Ke hoʻokele nei i kēia manawa: He aha nā kumu kūʻai kūʻai nui ma keʻano o nā mea kūʻai aku ma ke kahua kūʻai

'Ōlelo ʻO ka mākeke kālepa kūikawā, nui ka ʻO nā mīkini uila uila ʻO ka māhele, ua manaʻoʻia e kekahi kī Nā Kauka Kūʻai Kūʻai. ^. Hiki i ka hoʻomaopopoʻana ke kōkua i nāʻoihanaʻoihana a me nā hoʻolālā e like me ka hoʻolālā ma muli. Hoʻokahi dynamic nuiʻo ia ka wikiwiki o ka wikiwiki o ka hana hoʻokolohua ma mua o ka ʻOihana Polokalamu Pūnaewele. ^. E like me nā mea liʻiliʻi e loaʻa ai,ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki, aʻoi aku ka ikaika ʻO nā mea kūʻai kūikawā a me na novel nā hau a me nā momi hoʻonui. Ke hoʻomau nei kēia i ka R & D i loko Hanaʻia ka mīkini a hoʻomaʻemaʻe.

ʻO kekahi mea nui loaʻo ia ka'āina geopolitical a me nā mea e hāʻawi ai i ke alakaʻiʻana i ke kaulahao. Nā hanana e like me nā pona o nā pandkex a iʻole nā ​​hana kālepa e hiki ke hopena i ka loaʻa a kumukūʻai o nā mīkini uila. ^. Ua alakaʻiʻia kēia mauʻoihana he nui, me nā mea ma ka USA a meʻEulopa, e loiloi i nā hana pili i nā hana a me nā mea hana ma ka'āina. 'Ōlelo Uaʻike ka mākeke i ka ulu nui,ʻaʻole naʻe ia me kaʻole o kona mau mea paʻakikī. No mākou e like me kahiʻoihana, e hōʻoia ana i kahi lako kūpono o nā mea waiwai a me ka mālama ponoʻana i nā loiloi pono e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i kēia mau mea kūʻai aku no kā mākou mau mea kūʻai aku.

Ke hoʻomau nei nā lula kūlohelohe a me ke kūpaʻaʻana i keʻano o ka mākeke mākeke. ^. Kekahi ʻO nā pahu uila uila, i kekahi mau fluororcarbons, he nui ka nui o ka honua honua (gwp). ʻO kēia ke kaʻaʻana i ka noiʻi i nā kikowaena'ē aʻe me ka hopena o ke kaiāulu haʻahaʻa a me ka hoʻolahaʻana i nā hana maikaʻi a me ka hoʻihoʻi houʻana ʻO nā mea kūʻai kūikawā. ^. Nā 'like me Liden a Nā huahanape Pūnaewele ua pili pono i ka hoʻomohalaʻana i nā'ōnaehana Green. 'Ōlelo kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe o nā loea uila ʻO nā lāʻau, i hui pūʻia me nā hopohopo piliʻole, e paipai i nā mea hana e hoʻomaikaʻi i kā lākou hana hana hana e hōʻemi i kaʻaiʻana. HE MEA Nā Kauka Kūʻai Kūʻai he mea nui no kekahi Hoike Oole mākaʻi kai kūʻai ma ʻO nā mea kūʻai kūikawā.

Soughty Scale: Peheaʻoe e hōʻoia ai i ka maikaʻi a me ka hilinaʻi i ka wā e kūʻai aku ai i nā mīkini uila uila?

Mark,ʻike wau i kekahi o kāu mau hopohopo nui i ka kūʻaiʻana Nā kikowaenaʻoihana, kūikawā ʻO nā mīkini uila uila,ʻo ka nānāʻana i nā manaʻo a me nā hōʻoia. Hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi kēia, hāʻawiʻia i ke koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi i kēia mau kaʻa. Ke kuhi nei mai ka hoʻomohalaʻana i nā'āina e like me Kina ke hāʻawi aku i ka kumukūʻai hoʻokūkū, akā he mea nui e pili ana i nā mea kūʻai aku me nā mea kūʻai aku i mua a me nā mea kūʻai aku. E like me ka mea nona ka hale hana ma aneʻi, e hōʻike mai iaʻu i kekahi mau meaʻike i ka pehea e hiki ai iāʻoe ke hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi loa.

Ka mua, ʻO keʻano o ka paleʻana he paramika. ^. Mai nānā wale i ke kumukūʻai. Noiʻi i ka mea kūʻai aku i ka mea kūʻai aku, kā lākou mau hana hana (inā hiki, ma o nā mea kūʻai aku a iʻole nā ​​kaʻina hana maʻamau. E noi no nā kiko'ī kiko'ī no ka ʻO nā wahi kūikawā Ponoʻoe a hōʻoia e hiki iā lākou ke hālāwai me lākou. No ka ʻO nā pahu uila uila,ʻo ia ka mea eʻimi nei no nā pae maʻemaʻe ma mua o 99.999%. No ka manawa, ke kūʻaiʻana i nā huahana e like me kā mākou ʻO ka Cylinder Cylinder Oole ʻO ka cylinder cylinder, ponoʻoe e manaʻo i kaʻikeʻana i ka palapala hoʻomaʻemaʻe.

Ka lua, Nā manaʻo hōʻoia, akā e hōʻoia iā lākou. ^. E loaʻa nā mea kūʻai aku i nā mea hoʻopiʻi e like me iso 9001 (no nā'ōnaehana hoʻokele maikaʻi) a hiki i ka hana hoʻokele). Eia nō naʻe, eʻike i ka "palapala palapala i'ōleloʻia" āu i'ōlelo ai. E ho'āʻo mau e hōʻoia i nā palapala hōʻoia me ka hoʻopukaʻana i nā kino a iʻole hoʻohana i nā lawelawe loiloi i hoʻoponoponoʻia. ʻO kahi mea kūʻai mai hilinaʻiʻia eʻikeʻia a kākoʻo i kēia kaʻina hōʻoia. Pono e hāʻawi hou lākou i nā palapala hōʻoia o ka nānāʻana (COA) no kēlā me kēia pūʻulu o ʻO nā wahi kūikawā, ke kuhikuhi ana i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me nā pae momona, hōʻoiaʻia e nā lako hana loea e like me nā chromatops e like me nā chromatograps (gc) a iʻole nā ​​mea nui ʻO kēia ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa maʻamau no ʻO nā mīkini kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.

Ke kolu, hoʻokumu i nā channels kamaʻilio. ^. ʻO kekahi o kāu mau hōʻehaʻeha e loaʻa ai ke kamaʻilioʻana. Eʻike i kahi mea hoʻolako me nā mea kūʻai aku a me nā mea kūʻai aku e hoʻomaopopo i kāu mau pono -ʻaʻole wale kāu kauoha, akāʻo kāu noi a me kāu mau hopohopo. Hiki i nā papa'ōlelo i kekahi manawa ke pilikia, no laila e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka hui āu e hana nei me nā'ōlelo Pelekane Pelekane. ʻO mākou, no ka laʻana, i mua o ke kamaʻilioʻana a me ke kamaʻilioʻana e pale aku ai i nā kuhi hewa a me nā meaʻole. 'Ōlelo koi no nā sanis kūikawā ʻo ka manawa pinepine-nānāʻia, no laila ke kamaʻilio maikaʻiʻana i ke kī hana hana hana nāu.

Ma waho aʻe o ka huahana: He aha kāu eʻike ai e pili ana i nā logistics a me ke kaulahao no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe?

ʻO nā logistics he koʻikoʻi, akā pinepine pinepineʻia, heʻano o ka paʻakai ʻO nā pahu uila uila. ^. ʻOʻoe e hōʻike ana i nā mea hoʻouna i hoʻounaʻia e alakaʻi ana i nā hana hana i hala e like me ka nui o ka hōʻeha nui, hōʻailona. ʻO kēia kahi hopohopo maʻamau i ka Palapala Honua Pūu, nui no ʻO nā mīkini kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe e pono ai i ka laweʻana i ka laweʻana a me ka halihali.

Ka pā a me ka halihali o ʻO nā mea kūʻai kūikawā paʻakikī. HE MEA Hoʻohanaʻia nā pahu I nāʻano likeʻole - i hoʻohālikelikeʻia i nā cylinders, nā wai wai i loko o nā dewars a iʻole nā ​​tank tank. Pono kēlā me kēia i nā kaʻina hana pilikino e mālama i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a hōʻoia i ka palekana. Pono e mālama ponoʻia nā cylinders, hoʻomaʻemaʻe, a e neʻe aku e pale i ka paleʻana. No ka maʻemaʻe oltra-kiʻekiʻe Nā hale uila,ʻo ka Velinder Valve he mea koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi. Ke nānā neiʻoe i kahi mea kūʻai aku, e nīnau ana e pili ana i kā lākouʻoihana kūʻai cylinder hoʻomākaukau a pehea e hōʻoia ai i keʻano o ka ʻO nā wahi kūikawā mai kā lākou mea kanu i kāu wahi.

Hiki i nā mea lawe aku i nā mea hana mai nā kumuwaiwai'ē aʻe He hilinaʻi ʻO nā wahi kūikawā Pono nā mea kūʻai aku e loaʻa i ka hoʻolālā logistic a me nā hana kūlike. Pono lākou:

• Hāʻawi i nā manawa alakaʻi maoli: ʻO ke kūleʻa e pili ana i ka hanaʻana i nā hana a me nā manawa hoʻouna moku.
• Hāʻawi i ka nānāʻana a me nā hoʻonui: Ke hoʻomau neiʻoe e pili ana i kāu kūlana o kāu hoʻounaʻana e kōkua ai i ka hoʻolālā.
• E loaʻa i kaʻike me ka hoʻounaʻana i ke ao holoʻokoʻa: Hoʻopili kēia i ka palapala kūpono no nā mea hana pilikia (inā pili) a hoʻomaopopo i nā aupuni / export e like me ka'āinaʻAmelika a meʻEulopa aʻEulopa.
• E hana me nā mea hou aku i mua: Hiki i nā hui ikaika i loko o ka Chain Logistics ke hana i kahiʻokoʻa nui.

E pili ana i nā ala uku, e kūkākūkā i nā koho koho. ʻOiai ke kumukūʻai he kumuwaiwai,ʻo ka palekana a me nā hualoaʻa e pono ai ke kūleʻaʻana no ka hilinaʻi o ke kūkuluʻana. He nui nā mea kūʻai aku he nui nā mea hana Kina a hiki ke hana me nā hana uku maʻamau e like me ke kaʻina hana telegraphic (t / t) a iʻole nā ​​leka o ka hōʻai'ē (L / C). E pale i nā hua'ōlelo e pale i ka hilahila a me nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa kūpono. Loaʻa nā loiloi kūpono a me nā kaʻina hana uku e like me ka mea nui e like me ka ʻO nā wahi kūikawā ʻo ia iho no ka mālamaʻana i kāu mau hana hana a me nāʻoihanaʻoihanaʻoihana holoʻokoʻa. 'Ōlelo Nā Hōʻike Kūʻai Kūʻai hōʻike pinepine i nā logistics e like me ka paʻakikī nui i ka ʻO ka mākeke kālepa kūikawā.

Ke hele nei i mua: He aha nā mea e hiki mai ana a me ka hoʻonuiʻana o ka mākeke a me ka hoʻonuiʻana o ka mākeke i nā mīkini uila uila?

'Ōlelo Ke kūʻaiʻana i ka mākeke kūʻai he dinamic, a hiki iā mākou ke manaʻo e manaʻo i nā mea hoihoi hoihoi a me nā mea hou aʻe ʻO ka hoʻonuiʻana o ka mākeke I nā makahiki e hiki mai ana. 'Ōlelo ka uluʻana o nā mea uila uila Ua hoʻopiliʻiaʻo Gasya i nā komoʻana i ka Evolution o ka ʻOihana Polokalamu Pūnaewele iho. ʻO kahi hōʻailona nui e hoʻomohala ai i ka hoʻomohalaʻana i nā mea hou a me nā kaʻina no ka hanauna hou semiconduc pā Nā polokalamu. Hoʻopili kēia i nā mea e like me 3D nand E koi paha kēlā me kēia mau'ōlelo i nā mea hou a iʻole hoʻololiʻia ʻO nā pahu uila uila me nā mea kiko'ī.

Eʻike paha mākou i kahi koi no ka "Greener" ʻO nā mea kūʻai kūikawā. ^. E like me nā kānāwai o nā kaiāulu e lilo ai i ka stricter nā mea i hoʻohanaʻia ma nāʻano likeʻole nā kaʻina i loaʻa i ka gwp kiʻekiʻe. Hiki i kēia ke komo i ka hoʻomohala hou Nā maʻi uila uila me nā hopena haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a iʻole ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana i nā mea hana hou a me nāʻenehana hana no ka nohoʻana ʻO nā wahi kūikawā huahana. He wahi kēia kahi Nā mea pāʻani mākeke Uā Nā huahana mokulele a me nā kemika ke noi aku nei. E hana kēia loli i kahi mākeke hou No ka launa aloha ʻO nā pahu uila uila.

Oi pinepine, ka ʻO ka hoʻonuiʻana o ka mākeke no mea hana uila i loko o nā wahi hou o nā hale kūʻai hou e hoʻomau koi no nā sanis kūikawā. ^. ʻOiai e noho mau ana nā kuʻuna ākea hanaʻoihana semiconducor. ^. E pono ai kēia kikowaena kikowaena kikowaena i nā kaulahao o ka honua ʻO nā pahu uila uila. ^. Ua hoʻomaka pū mākou i ka uluʻana i ka noi Kākoʻo kākoʻo ʻO ka nui o ka hoʻohuiʻana i nā polokalamu lapaʻau holomua, a me nā polokalamu uila a me nā electrotics a pau nā hau a me nā momi. ^. 'Ōlelo Hōʻike i nā mea kūʻai uila uila uila e hōʻike paha i kēia mau noi e like me nā mea ulu ulu nui. 'Ōlelo e hoʻokaʻawale i nā pono o nā uila ʻO ka māheleʻo ia ʻO ka hana kūikawā Pono e hoʻoponopono pinepine a hoʻonāukiuki.

Ka Manaʻo no ka kūleʻa: Pehea e hiki ai ke hiki i kahi mea kūʻai mua ke ola i kāuʻoihana?

Mark,ʻo kahi mea nona kaʻoihana e kūʻai ana i nā uku haʻahaʻa Nā kikowaenaʻoihana E kūʻai iā lākou i nā hui o nā mea kanu a me nā mea hana hana,ʻo kāu koho o ka mea kūʻai aku e hāʻawi pololei i kāu laina a me ka inoa hou. ʻO ka hoahele me kahi hilinaʻi ʻO nā wahi kūikawā Mea kūʻai, nui no ka koʻikoʻi ʻO nā pahu uila uila, hiki ke hāʻawi aku i kahi mamao aku ma mua o kahi huahana wale nō; Hiki iā ia ke lilo i mea maikaʻi loa. ʻO kahi hana kūpono e hana ai i kahi hoʻonui o kāuʻoihana pono'ī, ke kōkuaʻana iāʻoe e hālāwai me nā koi o kāu mea kūʻai aku.

ʻO kahi mea hāʻawi hilinaʻi hilinaʻi iʻike i kou kūleʻa i kā lākou kūleʻa. ʻO kēia:

• ʻO ka maikaʻi kūpono: Ke hoʻopukaʻana ʻO nā mīkini kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe Uā Nitrogen Oole Oxycongen e hālāwai ai a iʻole ma mua o nā mea kiko'ī i kēlā me kēia manawa, i hoʻopaʻaʻia e nā coas kūpono. Hoʻemi kēia i kāu pilikia a e hōʻoia i kāu mea kūʻai aku e loaʻa i ka maikaʻi o kā lākou manaʻo.
• KA MANAO E PILI ANA: Ka hōʻemiʻana i nā hewa a me nā mea hoʻouna. Kōkua kēia iāʻoe e mālama i kāu mau papa hana hana a pale aku i ke kumukūʻai kālā no kāu mau mea kūʻai. ʻO nā koho lako kūpono i loaʻa i kahi hallmark o kahi hoa maikaʻi.
• Kūʻai hoʻokūkū: ʻOiai keʻano o ka paramount, e kōkua ana ke kumukūʻai hoʻokūkū e mālama iāʻoe e mālama i kāu mau mare i loaʻa. E like me kaʻoihana me ka maikaʻi Hanaʻia ka mīkini laina, maopopo iā mākou i ka mea nui o ka hāʻawiʻana i ka waiwai.
• Kākoʻo Kūlana (ʻoiai no nā mea kūʻai aku non-technical): ʻOiai inā neleʻoe i ka loea loea meaʻole, hiki iāʻoe ke hāʻawi i kaʻike i kaʻike maopopo a me ke kākoʻoʻana i nā huahana āu e kūʻai aku ai a me kā lākou noi.
• Ke kamaʻilioʻana: Ke mālama nei iāʻoe e pili ana i nā mākeke kūʻai, nā pilikia kūponoʻole, a iʻole nā ​​huahana huahana hou. Kōkua kēia iāʻoe e hoʻoholo i nā hoʻoholo hoʻolālā maikaʻi.

Loa hope loa, ka'ākau ʻO nā mīkini uila uila E lilo i mea hoʻolako i kahi hoa i kou uluʻana. Kōkua lākou iāʻoe e hoʻokele i nā mea paʻakikī o ka mākeke mākeke, nā mea hoʻoikaika kālā, a hāʻawi i ka waiwai i kāu mea kūʻai aku. Ma ka hua manu, ke hoʻoikaika nei mākou e lilo i kēlāʻano hoa no nāʻoihana e like me nāʻoihana ma USA,ʻEulopa, a me Australia. Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei mākou ma ka nānāʻana i ka maikaʻi, hilinaʻi, a wehe i ka kamaʻilio, hiki iā mākou ke kōkua iāʻoe e kūleʻa i ka hoʻokūkū ʻO nā mākeke uila uila uila. ^. 'Ōlelo ʻO nā pahuhopu kūikawā e pāʻani i kahi mea koʻikoʻi Role i loko o kou kaulahao waiwai, a ua hanaʻia mākou e hōʻoia i kēlā hanaʻole e hoʻokōʻia. 'Ōlelo ka uluʻana o kaʻenehana uila ʻO ka mea Gasctor e mālama i nā manawa kūpono, a me nā hui kūpono, hiki iāʻoe ke hoʻopili iā lākou.

E hoʻomanaʻoʻia nā mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo ai:

• Nā mea hana kūikawā kūikawā: ʻO nā pahu uila uila he mau huahana maikaʻi loa nā huahana ultra-kiʻekiʻe mea hana uila, nui loa i ka semiconduc pā ʻoihana.
• Ua ikaika ka uluʻana mākeke: 'Ōlelo Ke kūʻaiʻana i ka mākeke kūʻai ke loaʻaʻana o ka mea nui ulu ulu, laweʻia e nā holomua technological a me ka hoʻonuiʻana ʻOihana Polokalamu Pūnaewele.
• ʻAʻole kūpono ka maikaʻi o ka maikaʻi: No ka ʻO nā mīkini uila uila,ʻo ka maʻemaʻe a me keʻano he paramika. E hōʻoia mau i ka mana o nā mea kūʻai aku a me nā hōʻoia.
• ʻO nā loiloi a me ka kamaʻilioʻana he kī: Ka laweʻana i ka hoʻounaʻana a me ke kamaʻilioʻana me kāu ʻO nā wahi kūikawā ʻO ka mea kūʻai aku he mea nui e pale aku ai i nā hana hana a hōʻoia i kahi kaulahao kūponoʻole.
• He kumu nui loa ka hoʻolālāʻana: E koho i nā mea hoʻolako e hāʻawi i kahi kaulike o ka maikaʻi, ke kumukūʻai hoʻokūkū, hilinaʻi, a me ka lawelawe maikaʻi. He mea nui loa kēia i ka wā o ka hoʻokomoʻana mai i nā'āina hoʻomohala.
• ʻO ka wā e hiki mai ana: Manaʻo hou ʻO nā wahi kūikawā nā mea hoʻomohala e kākoʻo i nā mea uila e pili ana i ka lehulehu a me kahi mea nui loa i keʻano o ka honua kūlohelohe ma ka mākeke mākeke.
• Ua ukuʻia nā huiʻana: Kahi mea hoʻolako hilinaʻi nui o ʻO nā mea kūʻai kūikawā Hiki i kahi hoaaloha waiwai nui, ke hāʻawi nei i kāu hana pono,ʻo ka maikaʻi, a me ka loaʻa kālā.

Manaʻo wau i kēiaʻike o ka ʻO nā wahi kūikawā a Ke kūʻaiʻana i ka mākeke kūʻai uaʻike ponoʻia, hōʻailona. Hiki i ka hoʻokeleʻana i kēia mākeke ke lilo i mea maikaʻi loa no kāuʻoihana.